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Item Metadata only ไดอารี่ยา (Drug diary)วันรัชดา คัชมาตย์; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะแพทยศาสตร์ศิริราชพยาบาลPublication Metadata only A dose-finding study with the once-daily oral β2-agonist bambuterol in Asian children with asthma(1999-01-01) A. R. Mendoza; M. Javier; J. Ngamphaiboon; D. Y.T. Goh; P. Vichyanond; C. B. Kartasasmita; M. S. Bautista; H. I. Boediman; O. M. Chay; A. H. Omar; C. Badcock; H. Olsson; St. Luke’s Medical Center; Philippine General Hospital; King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Universitas Padjadjaran; Philippine Heart Centre; University of Indonesia, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Astra Australia; AstraZeneca Swedenefficacy variable. Secondary efficacy variables were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and diary card data including evening PEF. Results: At baseline, FEV1predicted was 82.9% and the reversibility was 22.2%. The study... results suggest that the change from baseline in both morning and evening PEF recorded on the diary cards on days 4 to 14 of each treatment period was dose dependent, but only the difference in morning PEF between bambuterol 10 mg and placeboPublication Metadata only Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among Asymptomatic HIV patients(2009-05-01) Wirach Maek-A-nantawat; Benjaluck Phonrat; Jittima Dhitavat; Supa Naksrisook; Rungrapat Muanaum; Vatcharachai Ngamdee; Punnee Pitisuttithum; Mahidol Universityall symptoms themselves on diary cards. Study parameters, including CD4 cell counts, HIV viral loads, and blood chemistry, were periodically monitored and questionnaires were used to assess QoL and to help with risk reduction. Eighteen volunteers, mean... age (± SD) 32.07 (±6.88) years, had a median (interquartile range, IQR) baseline CD4 count of 292 (268.50-338.25) cells/Μl. No serious drug-related adverse events due to CKBM-A01 were detected during the study. Intermittent diarrhea was reported in 55Publication Metadata only Clinical characteristics and management of chronic spontaneous urticaria in patients refractory to H1-Antihistamines in Asia, Middle-East and Africa: Results from the AWARE-AMAC study(2020-04-01) Chia Yu Chu; Anwar Al Hammadi; Nancy Agmon-Levin; Nilgun Atakan; Assem Farag; Rand K. Arnaout; Suretha Kannenberg; Kanokvalai Kulthanan; Asmara Mubarak; Fares Zaitoun; Susanne Crowe; Sigrid Malfait; Kathryn Cooke; Elise L. Dekker; Dubai Health Authority; Benha University; National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Hacettepe Üniversitesi; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre; Chaim Sheba Medical Center Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Novartis International AG; Stellenbosch University; Allergy; Novartis Ireland Limited; Armed Forces Hospitalon quality of life. Subgroups of interest were type of CU at Baseline and treatment class (based on 2013 urticaria guidelines). There were no mandatory visits and diagnostic/monitoring procedures additional to routine practice, except the patient diary (7-day... monotherapy (sgAH; 15.1%). At Month 12, the most prescribed treatment classes (>15%) for patients were OMA (23.5%) and “Other” (21.3%); 19.7% received "No drug". At Month 24, OMA (22.5%), and “Other” (17.9%) were most frequently prescribed; 28.6% receivedPublication Open Access A randomised, double-blind study of polyethylene glycol 4000 and lactulose in the treatment of constipation in children(2014) Suporn Treepongkaruna; Nipat Simakachorn; Paneeya Pienvichit; Wandee Varavithya; Yothi Tongpenyai; Garnier, Philippe; Hélène Mathiex-Fortunet; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Department of PaediatricsBackground: Chronic constipation is frequent in children. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of PEG 4000 and lactulose for the treatment of chronic constipation in young children. Methods: This randomised, double-blind study enrolled 88 young children aged 12 to 36 months, who were randomly assigned to receive lactulose (3.3 g per day) or PEG 4000 (8 g per day) for four weeks. The primary efficacy variable was stool frequency during the fourth week of treatment. Secondary outcomes were the number and frequency of subjective symptoms associated with defecation at each visit. Results: Stool frequency was comparable in the two groups at baseline (lactulose: 0.7 ± 0.5; PEG 4000: 0.5 ± 0.55). Mean stool frequency increased from 0.70 ± 0.50 stools/day at baseline to 0.80 ± 0.41 at Week 4 in the lactulose group and from 0.50 ± 0.55 to 1.10 ± 0.55 stools/day in the PEG 4000 group. A significant difference was observed in the adjusted mean change from baseline, which was 0.15 stools/day in the lactulose group and 0.51 stools/day in the PEG 4000 group, with a least-squares mean difference of 0.36 stools/day [95% CI: 0.16 to 0.56]. With respect to secondary outcome variables, stool consistency and ease of stool passage improved more in the PEG 4000 group (p = 0.001). The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups, the majority of which were mild. Conclusions: PEG 4000 has superior efficacy to lactulose for the treatment of chronic constipation in young children and is well tolerated.Publication Metadata only A multicentred phase III comparative study of two hormonal contraceptive preparations given once-a-month by intramuscular injection. II. The comparison of bleeding patterns(1989-01-01) World Health Organization; Task Force On Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation; S. Said; W. Sadek; A. Kholeif; Suporn Koetsawang; Orawan Kiriwat; Surat Piboonmanee; R. Rivera; G. Alvarado; M. A. Juarez; S. Aquilar; R. Santiso; C. F. Contreras; L. F. Galichl; M. Guirola; M. G. Alzugaray; M. L. Hernandez; J. R. Gallarco; B. Affandi; S. S.I. Santoso; R. S. Samil; A. Kazi; E. S. Kononova; V. I. Alipov; R. Apelo; E. S. Bernardo; I. Benitez; T. Canto-de-Cetina; S. Cardenas; L. Polanco; L. Vera; M. C. Cravioto; L. Hernandez; J. L. Fuziwara; J. Garza-Flores; G. Perez-Palacios; G. Oropeza; E. Mota; E. Zavaleta; G. Benagiano; C. Bastianelli; A. Diaz Infante-Ibarra (deceased); C. J. Castelo; R. Jiminez; N. Perez-Arocha; J. Lang-Prieto; J. A. Casas-Fernandez; H. M. Perez-Paz (deceased); M. Perez; A. R. Hernandez; C. Bustillo Tur; L. Kovacs; S. Koloszar; S. Bassol; A. M. Trujillo; R. Guzman-Serani; E. Israel; C. d'Arcangues; B. Busca; P. E. Hall; D. Machin; A. Pinol; F. Schlagenhaft; Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction; El-Shatby University Hospital; Mahidol University; Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango; Asociacion Pro-Bienestar de la Familia de Guatemala (APROFAM); Instituto Nacional de Endocrinologia y Enfermedades Metabolicas; Universitas Indonesia; National Research Institute of Fertility Control; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital; Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Facultad de Medicina; Instituto Nacional de Nutricion; Hospital General de Mexico; Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza; Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi; Hospital Provincial Docente 'Saturnino Lora'; University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine; Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila; Universidad Austral de Chile; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante; University of Southamptondays. Contraceptive efficacy and side-effects of both regimens were reported previously. Their effect on vaginal bleeding patterns is the object of this paper. A total of 2320 women were randomly assigned to each drug and 2000 of them provided a... menstrual diary. The comparison of the bleeding patterns is made using a 90-day reference period approach and following the guidelines published by WHO. The analysis failed to identify any major difference in the vaginal bleeding patterns induced by bothPublication Open Access Peer support for self-management of diabetes improved outcomes in international settings(2012-01) Edwin B. Fisher; Renée I. Boothroyd; Muchieh Maggy Coufal; Linda C. Baumann; Jean Claude Mbanya; Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus; Boosaba Sanguanprasit; Chanuantong Tanasugarn; ชะนวนทอง ธนสุกาญจน์; Mahidol university. Faculty of Public Health. Department of Health Education and Behavioral SciencesSelf-management of diabetes is essential to reducing the risks of associated disabilities. But effective self-management is often short-lived. Peers can provide the kind of ongoing support that is needed for sustained self-management of diabetes. In this context, peers are nonprofessionals who have diabetes or close familiarity with its management. Key functions of effective peer support include assistance in daily management, social and emotional support, linkage to clinical care, and ongoing availability of support. Using these four functions as a template of peer support, project teams in Cameroon, South Africa, Thailand, and Uganda developed and then evaluated peer support interventions for adults with diabetes. Our initial assessment found improvements in symptom management, diet, blood pressure, body mass index, and blood sugar levels for many of those taking part in the programs. For policy makers, the broader message is that by emphasizing the four key peer support functions, diabetes management programs can be successfully introduced across varied cultural settings and within diverse health systems.Publication Open Access Efficacy of a church-based lifestyle intervention programme to control high normal blood pressure and/or high normal blood glucose in church members: a randomized controlled trial in Pretoria, South Africa(2014) Supa Pengpid; Peltzer, Karl; Skaal, Linda; Hendry Van der Heever; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentBackground: In persons 15 years and above in South Africa the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes has been estimated at 9.1% and 9.6%, respectively, and the prevalence of systolic prehypertension and hypertension, 38.2% and 24.6%, respectively. Elevated blood glucose and elevated blood pressure are prototype of preventable chronic cardiovascular disease risk factors. Lifestyle interventions have been shown to control high normal blood pressure and/or high normal blood glucose. Methods/Design: This study proposes to evaluate the efficacy of a community (church)-based lifestyle intervention programme to control high normal blood pressure and/or high normal blood glucose in church members in a randomized controlled trial in Gauteng, South Africa. The objectives are to: (1) measure non-communicable diseases profile, including hypertension and diabetes, health behaviours, weight management and psychological distress of church members; (2) measure the reduction of blood glucose and blood pressure levels after the intervention; (3) prevent the development of impaired glucose tolerance; (4) compare health behaviours, weight management and psychological distress, blood glucose and blood pressure levels between intervention and control groups, and within group during 6, 12, 24 and 36 months during and post intervention. The study will use a group-randomized design, recruiting 300 church members from 12 churches. Churches will be randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. Discussion: Lifestyle interventions may prevent from the development of high blood pressure and/or diabetes. The findings will impact public health and will enable the health ministry to formulate policy related to lifestyle interventions to control blood pressure and glucose. Trial registration number: PACTR201105000297151Publication Open Access Screening and brief interventions for hazardous and harmful alcohol use among patients with active tuberculosis attending primary public care clinics in South Africa: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial(2013) Peltzer, Karl; Naidoo, Pamela; Louw, Julia; Matseke, Gladys; Zuma, Khangelani; Mchunu, Gugu; Tutshana, Bomkazi; Mabaso, Musawenkosi; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentBackground In 2008 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that South Africa had the highest tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the world. This high incidence rate is linked to a number of factors, including HIV co-infection and alcohol use disorders. The diagnosis and treatment package for TB and HIV co-infection is relatively well established in South Africa. However, because alcohol use disorders may present more insidiously, making it difficult to diagnose, those patients with active TB and misusing alcohol are not easily cured from TB. With this in mind, the primary purpose of this cluster randomized controlled trial was to provide screening for alcohol misuse and to test the effectiveness of brief interventions in reducing alcohol intake in those patients with active TB found to be misusing alcohol in primary public health care clinics in three districts in South Africa. Methods Within each of the three provinces targeted, one district with the highest TB burden was selected. Furthermore, 14 primary health care facilities with the highest TB caseload in each district were selected. In each district, 7 of the 14 (50%) clinics were randomly assigned to a control arm and another 7 of the 14 (50%) clinics assigned to intervention arm. At the clinic level systematic sampling was used to recruit newly diagnosed and retreatment TB patients. Those consenting were screened for alcohol misuse using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Patients who screened positive for alcohol misuse over a 6-month period were given either a brief intervention based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) Model or an alcohol use health education leaflet. Results Of the 4882 tuberculosis patients screened for alcohol and agreed to participate in the trial, 1196 (24.6%) tested positive for the AUDIT. Among the 853 (71%) patients who also attended the 6-month follow-up session, the frequency of positive screening results at baseline/follow-up were 100/21.2% for the AUDIT (P < 0.001) for the control group and 100/16.8% (P < 0.001) for the intervention group. The intervention effect on the AUDIT score was statistically not significant. The intervention effect was also not significant for hazardous or harmful drinkers and alcohol dependent drinkers (AUDIT: 7–40), alcohol dependent drinkers and heavy episodic drinking, while the control group effect was significant for hazardous drinkers (AUDIT: 7–19) (P = 0.035). Conclusion The results suggest that alcohol screening and the provision of a health education leaflet on sensible drinking performed at the beginning of anti-tuberculosis treatment in public primary care settings may be effective in reducing alcohol consumption.Publication Open Access ‘Hu Hong’ (bad thing): parental perceptions of teenagers’ sexuality in urban Vietnam(2017) Lan Anh Thi Do; Pimpawun Boonmongkon; Seung Chun Paek; Guadamuz, Thomas E.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities. Department of Society and HealthBackground: Teenagers under 18 years old in Vietnam are considered as minors who usually lack the autonomy to make decisions. They are also sometimes viewed as contributors to social evils including crime, violence and substance use. Moreover, most Vietnamese teenagers have unsafe sex before marriage. The objective of this study is to explore the parental perceptions relating to their teenagers’ sexuality, particularly the social and cultural forces, that may hinder access to sexuality information. Methods: Guided by a Community Advisory Board (CAB), this qualitative study uses four focus group discussions (FGDs) consisting of 12 mothers and 12 fathers, as well as twelve individual in-depth interviews (IDIs) with a diverse sample of parents of teens in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Content and discourse analysis were conducted, based on Foucauldian concepts. Results: Four themes emerged: 1) Meanings of sexuality and sexuality education, 2) Early sexual intercourse destroys teenagers’ future, 3) Teenagers are not hu hong (spoil/bad thing), are innocent and virgin, and 4) Policing and controlling of sexual intercourse among teens. Parents did not view their teenage children as sexual beings; those who are sexual are considered hu hong. Parents believed that teens need to be policed and controlled to prevent them from becoming hu hong, particularly girls. Controlling of sexuality information by parents was therefore common in HCMC, but differed by gender and educational levels of parents. For example, fathers more than mothers were not comfortable teaching their teenage children about sex and sexuality. Parents with higher education police their teenage children’s usage of the Internet and social media, while parents with lower education control who can be friends with their teenage children. Conclusions: Vietnamese parents in general have negative views of sex and sexuality education for their teenage children. Recognizing that many Vietnamese teenagers have unsafe sex before marriage, parents need to change their perceptions and understand the importance of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), which are included in UNESCO, UNFPA and UNICEF-developed CSE tools.