Browsing by Author "Christina Y. Hampton"

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    Characterization of "Yaa Chud" medicine on the Thailand-Myanmar border: Selecting for drug-resistant malaria and threatening public health
    (2008-11-01) Paul N. Newton; Christina Y. Hampton; Krystyn Alter-Hall; Thanongsak Teerwarakulpana; Sompol Prakongpan; Ronnatrai Ruangveerayuth; Nicholas J. White; Nicholas P.J. Day; Mabel B. Tudino; Natalia Mancuso; Facundo M. Fernández; Mahosot Hospital; Georgia Institute of Technology; University of Oxford; Mae Sot General Hospital; Mahidol University; Universidad de Buenos Aires
    Multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a severe public health problem on the Thailand-Myanmar border. Many villagers buy packets of 4-5 mixed medicines ("yaa chud") from shops without medical assessment as their first-line malaria treatment. In 2000-2001 a local researcher purchased 50 yaa chud from 44 shops around Mae Sot, Thailand and Myawaddy, Myanmar (Burma), for his wife who was said to be pregnant with fever and drowsiness. The tablets/capsules were provisionally identified by appearance and active ingredients determined in a subset by using mass and atomic spectrometry. The most frequently detected active ingredients were acetaminophen (22%), chlorpheniramine (13.4%), chloroquine (12.6%), tetracycline/doxycycline (11.4%), and quinine (5.1%). Only seven bags contained potentially curative medicine for malaria. A total of 82% of the bags contained medicines contraindicated in pregnancy. Inappropriate, ineffective antimalarial drugs on the Thailand-Myanmar border are likely to increase malaria morbidity, mortality and health costs and engender the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance. Copyright © 2008 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
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    Characterization of solid counterfeit drug samples by desorption electrospray ionization and direct-analysis-in-real-time coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    (2006-07-01) Facundo M. Fernández; Robert B. Cody; Michael D. Green; Christina Y. Hampton; Rose McGready; Sivong Sengaloundeth; Nicholas J. White; Paul N. Newton; Georgia Institute of Technology; JEOL USA Inc.; National Center for Infectious Diseases; Shoklo Malaria Research Unit; Ministry of Health; Wellcome Trust-Mahosot Hospital-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration; University of Oxford; Mahidol University
    Vacuum is not the limit: direct analysis in real time (DART), a new MS ionization method, allows probing of pharmaceuticals under atmospheric pressure, thus bypassing lengthy sample preparation steps and enhancing throughput. DART allows rapid screening of solid drugs at almost constant temperature which decreases errors in mass measurement and improves the identification of potentially harmful unknowns. This is important for identifying counterfeit drugs (fake hologram shown). © 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.