Browsing by Author "E. Pasomsub"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • No Thumbnail Available
    PublicationMetadata only
    Coreceptor tropism determined by genotypic assay in HIV-1 circulating in Thailand, where CRF01_AE predominates
    (2014-01-01) A. Phuphuakrat; S. Phawattanakul; E. Pasomsub; S. Kiertiburanakul; W. Chantratita; S. Sungkanuparph; Mahidol University
    Objectives: Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) inhibitors are a novel class of antiretroviral agents that are promising for treatment of patients who harbour the HIV-1 R5 strain. Data on coreceptor tropism in non-B HIV-1 subtypes are limited. We studied coreceptor tropism in HIV-1 circulating in Thailand, where CRF01_AE predominates, using a genotypic assay. Methods: We compiled V3 sequences of HIV-1 strains circulating in Thailand during 2010-2012. Coreceptor tropism was predicted based on V3 sequences using geno2pheno version 2.5 (http://coreceptor.bioinf.mpi-inf.mpg.de). Results: One hundred and fifty-five HIV-1-infected patients were enrolled in this study. Ninety-nine patients (63.9%) were antiretroviral-naïve, and the remainder had virological failure. The median (interquartile range) CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA were 220 (74-379) cells/μL and 75374 (14127-226686) HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, respectively. Of the sequences obtained from these patients, 119 (76.8%) were CRF01_AE and 22 (14.2%) were subtype B. At a false positive rate of <5%, 61 (39.4%) HIV-1-infected individuals were predicted to harbour the X4 phenotype. X4 viruses were detected more frequently in the treatment-failure group compared with the treatment-naïve group (30.3 vs. 55.4%, respectively; P=0.002). Those with CRF01_AE had a higher proportion of X4 viruses compared with non-AE subtypes (47.9 vs. 11.1%, respectively; P<0.001). By multivariate logistic regression, CRF01_AE and treatment failure were independently associated with predicted X4 phenotype [odds ratio (OR) 7.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57-24.50; P<0.001, and OR 3.10; 95% CI 1.50-6.42; P=0.002, respectively]. Conclusions: CRF01_AE and treatment failure are associated with the predicted X4 phenotype. In regions where CRF01_AE predominates, use of CCR5 inhibitors must be considered with caution. The phenotypic assay and its correlation with genotypes should be further investigated in CRF01_AE. © 2013 British HIV Association.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    PublicationMetadata only
    Draft genome sequence of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain 43-16836, belonging to the Indo-Oceanic lineage, isolated form tuberculous meningitis in Thailand
    (2013-01-01) W. Viratyosin; S. Kulawonganunchai; N. Smittipat; T. Juthayothin; P. Penpassakarn; E. Pasomsub; W. Chantratita; A. Chaiprasert; P. Palittapongarnpim; Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Mahidol University; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
    © 2013 Viratyosin et al. We present the draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain 43-16836, belonging to the Indo-Oceanic lineage, isolated from a tuberculous meningitis patient in Thailand. The genome is 4,381,942 bp long with 4,316 protein-coding genes and contains new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including SNPs of genes that may encode cell wall components and possibly influence virulence.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    PublicationMetadata only
    Saliva sample as a non-invasive specimen for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019: a cross-sectional study
    (2020-01-01) E. Pasomsub; S. P. Watcharananan; K. Boonyawat; P. Janchompoo; G. Wongtabtim; W. Suksuwan; S. Sungkanuparph; A. Phuphuakrat; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; Mahidol University
    © 2020 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Objectives: Amid the increasing number of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, there is a need for a quick and easy method to obtain a non-invasive sample for the detection of this novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to investigate the potential use of saliva samples as a non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: From 27 March to 4 April 2020, we prospectively collected saliva samples and a standard nasopharyngeal and throat swab in persons seeking care at an acute respiratory infection clinic in a university hospital during the outbreak of COVID-19. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed, and the results of the two specimens were compared. Results: Two-hundred pairs of samples were collected. Sixty-nine (34.5%) individuals were male, and the median (interquartile) age was 36 (28–48) years. Using nasopharyngeal and throat swab RT-PCR as the reference standard, the prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosed by nasopharyngeal and throat swab RT-PCR was 9.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of the saliva sample RT-PCR were 84.2% (95% CI 60.4%–96.6%), and 98.9% (95% CI 96.1%–99.9%), respectively. An analysis of the agreement between the two specimens demonstrated 97.5% observed agreement (κ coefficient 0.851, 95% CI 0.723–0.979; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Saliva might be an alternative specimen for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The collection is non-invasive, and non-aerosol generating. This method could facilitate the diagnosis of the disease, given the simplicity of specimen collection and good diagnostic performance.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    PublicationMetadata only
    Surveillance of genotypic resistance mutations in chronic HIV-1 treated individuals after completion of the National Access to Antiretroviral Program in Thailand
    (2007-04-01) C. Sukasem; V. Churdboonchart; S. Chasombat; S. Kohreanudom; C. Watitpun; E. Pasomsub; W. Piroj; M. Tiensuwan; W. Chantratita; Mahidol University; Thailand Ministry of Public Health
    Background: Due to the establishment of the National Access to Antiretroviral Program for People who have AIDS (NAPHA), approximately 80,000 Thai HIV-1 infected patients received antiretroviral drugs through the NAPHA program, which was completed at the end of 2005. The development of drug resistance is required for access to ARV drugs. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance in Thai HIV-1 treated individuals after completing the NAPHA program. Patients and Methods: Viral genotypic resistance testing was carried out for 1,880 HIV-infected patients experiencing treatment failure, who enrolled during 2000-2005. All patients were in a follow-up treatment with ARV drugs available in clinical practice. The genotype was performed with the TRUGENE HIV-1 kit to assess resistant mutations to reverse transcriptase inhibitors and to protease inhibitors. Results: The frequency of ARV drug resistance has significantly increased after the National Access To Antiretroviral Program was implemented. The reverse transcriptase genes M184V/I (919/1,880; 48.9%) and K103S/H (416/1,880; 22.1%) were the most frequent in nucleoside reverse transcriptase and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, respectively. In the protease genes, minor mutations or polymorphisms were found in the majority. Thymidine analogue mutations were presented and increased over time. This study showed a sharp increase in the prevalence of mutations associated with the GPO-VIR combination; nevirapine (948/1,880; 50.4%), lamivudine (889/1,880; 47.3%), and stavudine (703/1,880; 37.4%) after the program was completed. Conclusion: With the increased availability of antiretroviral therapy in a resource-constrained country, antiretroviral drug resistance should be closely monitored. HIV-1 drug resistance testing to enable the salvage therapy will remain a priority in Thailand. Furthermore, resistance testing should also become routine before prescribing treatment, and the consequences of continuing to provide a failing regimen must be considered. © 2007 Urban & Vogel.