Browsing by Author "King's College London"
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Publication Metadata only The 12.6 kb-deletion in the β-globin gene cluster is the known Thai/Vietnamese (δβ)0-thalassemia commonly found in Southeast Asia(2013-09-01) Nipon Chalaow; Swee Lay Thein; Vip Viprakasit; Mahidol University; King's College London; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only The Accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Algorithm for Screening to Detect Major Depression: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis(2020-01-01) Chen He; Brooke Levis; Kira E. Riehm; Nazanin Saadat; Alexander W. Levis; Marleine Azar; Danielle B. Rice; Ankur Krishnan; Yin Wu; Ying Sun; Mahrukh Imran; Jill Boruff; Pim Cuijpers; Simon Gilbody; John P.A. Ioannidis; Lorie A. Kloda; Dean McMillan; Scott B. Patten; Ian Shrier; Roy C. Ziegelstein; Dickens H. Akena; Bruce Arroll; Liat Ayalon; Hamid R. Baradaran; Murray Baron; Anna Beraldi; Charles H. Bombardier; Peter Butterworth; Gregory Carter; Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas; Juliana C.N. Chan; Rushina Cholera; Kerrie Clover; Yeates Conwell; Janneke M. De Man-Van Ginkel; Jesse R. Fann; Felix H. Fischer; Daniel Fung; Bizu Gelaye; Felicity Goodyear-Smith; Catherine G. Greeno; Brian J. Hall; Patricia A. Harrison; Martin Härter; Ulrich Hegerl; Leanne Hides; Stevan E. Hobfoll; Marie Hudson; Thomas N. Hyphantis; Masatoshi Inagaki; Khalida Ismail; Nathalie Jetté; Mohammad E. Khamseh; Kim M. Kiely; Yunxin Kwan; Femke Lamers; Shen Ing Liu; Manote Lotrakul; Sonia R. Loureiro; Bernd Löwe; Laura Marsh; Anthony McGuire; Sherina Mohd-Sidik; Tiago N. Munhoz; Kumiko Muramatsu; Flávia L. Osório; Vikram Patel; Brian W. Pence; Philippe Persoons; Angelo Picardi; Katrin Reuter; Alasdair G. Rooney; Iná S. Da Silva Dos Santos; Juwita Shaaban; Abbey Sidebottom; Adam Simning; Lesley Stafford; Sharon Sung; Pei Lin Lynnette Tan; Alyna Turner; Henk C.P.M. Van Weert; Jennifer White; Mary A. Whooley; Kirsty Winkley; Mitsuhiko Yamada; Brett D. Thombs; Andrea Benedetti; Melbourne Institute; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; San Francisco VA Health Care System; Mackay Medical College; Calvary Mater Newcastle; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; City of Minneapolis; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia; Niigata Seiryo University; Bar-Ilan University School of Social Work; Makerere University; Concordia University; University Medical Center Utrecht; Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; KU Leuven– University Hospital Leuven; University of Queensland; Mackay Memorial Hospital Taiwan; University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia; University of Edinburgh; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Shimane University; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Universiti Putra Malaysia; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; KU Leuven; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong; University of Rochester Medical Center; University of California, San Francisco; Neuroscience Research Australia; Universidade de Macau; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; UNC School of Medicine; Technical University of Munich; Monash University; Deakin University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira; University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of York; Saint Joseph's College of Maine; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; University of Aberdeen; University of Pittsburgh; University of Washington, Seattle; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Stanford University; King's College London; Istituto Superiore Di Sanita; Singapore Institute of Mental Health; Australian National University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main; Centre universitaire de santé McGill; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; University of Auckland; Nanyang Technological University; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf und Medizinische Fakultät; Panepistimion Ioanninon; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Harvard Medical School; School of Medical Sciences - Universiti Sains Malaysia; McGill University; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Baylor College of Medicine; University of Calgary; Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Private Practice for Psychotherapy and Psycho-oncology; STAR-Stress; National Institute of Science and Technology; Allina Health© 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel. All rights reserved. Background: Screening for major depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) can be done using a cutoff or the PHQ-9 diagnostic algorithm. Many primary studies publish results for only one approach, and previous meta-analyses of the algorithm approach included only a subset of primary studies that collected data and could have published results. Objective: To use an individual participant data meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of two PHQ-9 diagnostic algorithms for detecting major depression and compare accuracy between the algorithms and the standard PHQ-9 cutoff score of ≥10. Methods: Medline, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, Web of Science (January 1, 2000, to February 7, 2015). Eligible studies that classified current major depression status using a validated diagnostic interview. Results: Data were included for 54 of 72 identified eligible studies (n participants = 16,688, n cases = 2,091). Among studies that used a semi-structured interview, pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) were 0.57 (0.49, 0.64) and 0.95 (0.94, 0.97) for the original algorithm and 0.61 (0.54, 0.68) and 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) for a modified algorithm. Algorithm sensitivity was 0.22-0.24 lower compared to fully structured interviews and 0.06-0.07 lower compared to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Specificity was similar across reference standards. For PHQ-9 cutoff of ≥10 compared to semi-structured interviews, sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) were 0.88 (0.82-0.92) and 0.86 (0.82-0.88). Conclusions: The cutoff score approach appears to be a better option than a PHQ-9 algorithm for detecting major depression.Publication Metadata only Acquiring Critical Thinking and Decision-Making Skills: An Evaluation of a Serious Game Used by Undergraduate Dental Students in Dental Public Health(2017-07-01) K. Sipiyaruk; J. E. Gallagher; S. Hatzipanagos; P. A. Reynolds; King's College London; Mahidol University© 2017, The Author(s). Serious gaming claims to provide an interactive and motivational approach to learning; hence, it is being increasingly used in various disciplines, including dentistry. GRAPHIC (Games Research Applied to Public Health with Innovative Collaboration)-II, a serious game for dental public health, was used by dental undergraduates at King’s College London, in the 2013–2014 academic year. The aim was to explore the use of GRAPHIC and student perspectives on the game. Students were divided into two groups with 79 students in each group, based on timetabling schedules to use the game as part of their learning. The average number of submission attempts by students in group 1 and group 2 used to complete the game was 18.3 (SD = 14.45) and 8.9 (SD = 16.80), respectively (p < 0.001). Logged data also showed that more students in group 2 completed the game with only one attempt (n = 23), compared with group 1 (n = 4). Amongst these students there were four different patterns of satisfactory answers which constituted their chance to ‘win’ and a range of times. Across the two groups, a number of students completed the game with a high number (>30) of attempts (n = 18). These findings suggest that whilst some students may have completed the game using a collaborative approach, others may have used a random approach to complete the game. These two strategies are considered to hinder students from achieving learning outcomes within the game, and may be related to the limitations of the game in managing the role of failure. Feedback from students towards the game was positive overall with further development suggested. In summary, GRAPHIC contributed to dental public health education, and the logging system of gaming activities can be considered as a helpful feature of serious games, to permit academic staff to identify and assist students in achieving learning outcomes, and inform future game refinement.Publication Metadata only Acute febrile myalgia in vietnam due to trichinellosis following the consumption of raw pork(2009-10-01) Walter R.J. Taylor; Giang Van Tran; Thai Quoc Nguyen; Duong Van Dang; Viet Khong Nguyen; Cap Trung Nguyen; Lam Tien Nguyen; Chinh Quoc Luong; Teresa Scott; Dang Thi Cam Thach; Tran Thi Ha Ninh; Thang Danh Nguyen; Khoung Thi Pham; Annette Fox; Peter Horby; Heiman Wertheim; Doan Hanh Nhan; Hong Ha Nguyen; Lien Minh Thi Trinh; Trung Vu Nguyen; Kinh Van Nguyen; Due Hien Nguyen; University of Oxford; National Institute for Infectious and Tropical Diseases; Bach Mai Hospital; National Institute of Veterinary Research; National Institute for Malariology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; King's College London; Mahidol UniversityTrichinellosis outbreaks occur occasionally in Vietnam following the consumption of undercooked pork. Diagnosing trichinella can be problematic because fever and myalgia are nonspecific, and diagnosis may be delayed. We describe 5 Vietnamese patients in whom trichinellosis was diagnosed after several weeks of illness. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Airway care interventions for invasively ventilated critically ill adults—A Dutch national survey(2021-08-01) Willemke Stilma; Sophia M. van der Hoeven; Wilma J.M. Scholte Op Reimer; Marcus J. Schultz; Louise Rose; Frederique Paulus; Mahidol University; King's College London; Nuffield Department of Medicine; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Amsterdam UMC - University of AmsterdamAirway care interventions may prevent accumulation of airway secretions and promote their evacuation, but evidence is scarce. Interventions include heated humidification, nebulization of mucolytics and/or bronchodilators, manual hyperinflation and use of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E). Our aim is to identify current airway care practices for invasively ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICU) in the Netherlands. A self–administered web-based survey was sent to a single pre–appointed representative of all ICUs in the Netherlands. Response rate was 85% (72 ICUs). We found substantial heterogeneity in the intensity and combinations of airway care interventions used. Most (81%) ICUs reported using heated humidification as a routine prophylactic intervention. All (100%) responding ICUs used nebulized mucolytics and/or bronchodilators; how-ever, only 43% ICUs reported nebulization as a routine prophylactic intervention. Most (81%) ICUs used manual hyperinflation, although only initiated with a clinical indication like difficult oxygen-ation. Few (22%) ICUs used MI-E for invasively ventilated patients. Use was always based on the indication of insufficient cough strength or as a continuation of home use. In the Netherlands, use of routine prophylactic airway care interventions is common despite evidence of no benefit. There is an urgent need for evidence of the benefit of these interventions to inform evidence-based guide-lines.Publication Metadata only Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation: call to action for change in recommendation(2020-01-01) Megan W. Bourassa; Saskia J.M. Osendarp; Seth Adu-Afarwuah; Saima Ahmed; Clayton Ajello; Gilles Bergeron; Robert Black; Parul Christian; Simon Cousens; Saskia de Pee; Kathryn G. Dewey; Shams El Arifeen; Reina Engle-Stone; Alison Fleet; Alison D. Gernand; John Hoddinott; Rolf Klemm; Klaus Kraemer; Roland Kupka; Erin McLean; Sophie E. Moore; Lynnette M. Neufeld; Lars Åke Persson; Kathleen M. Rasmussen; Anuraj H. Shankar; Emily Smith; Christopher R. Sudfeld; Emorn Udomkesmalee; Stephen A. Vosti; Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition; World Food Program, Italy; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Milken Institute School of Public Health; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; New York Academy of Sciences; Tufts University; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; University of Ghana; University of California, Davis; Mahidol University; King's College London; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh; Nuffield Department of Medicine; UNICEF; Cornell University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Wageningen University & Research; Pennsylvania State University; Micronutrient Forum; Vitamin Angels; Helen Keller International; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Summit Institute of Development; Sight and LifePublication Metadata only An association between bacterial genotype combined with a high-vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration and risk of endocarditis in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection(2012-03-01) Clare E. Miller; Rahul Batra; Ben S. Cooper; Amita K. Patel; John Klein; Jonathan A. Otter; Theodore Kypraios; Gary L. French; Olga Tosas; Jonathan D. Edgeworth; King's College London; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Mahidol University; University of NottinghamIntroduction. Antimicrobial resistance and bacterial virulence factors may increase the risk of hematogenous complications during methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection (BSI). This study reports on the impact of increasing vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (V-MICs) and MRSA clone type on risk of hematogenous complications from MRSA BSI during implementation of an effective MRSA control program. Methods. In sum, spa typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec allotyping, and vancomycin and teicoplanin MICs were performed on 821 consecutive MRSA bloodstream isolates from 1999 to 2009. Prospectively collected data, including focus of infection, were available for 695 clinically significant cases. Logistic and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the association between clone type, vancomycin MIC (V-MIC), and focus of infection. Results. MRSA BSIs decreased by ∼90% during the 11 years. Typing placed isolates into 3 clonal complex (CC) groups that had different population median V-MICs (CC30, 0.5 μg/mL [n = 349]; CC22, 0.75 μg/mL [n = 272] ; non-CC22/30, 1.5 μg/mL [n = 199]). There was a progressive increase in the proportion of isolates with a V-MIC above baseline median in each clonal group and a disproportionate fall in the clone group with lowest median V-MIC (CC30). In contrast, there were no increases in teicoplanin MICs. High V-MIC CC22 isolates (1.5-2 μg/mL) were strongly associated with endocarditis (odds ratio, 12; 95% confidence interval, 3.72-38.9) and with a septic metastasis after catheter-related BSI (odds ratio, 106; 95% confidence interval, 12.6-883) compared with other clone type/V-MIC combinations.Conclusions.An interaction between clone type and V-MIC can influence the risk of endocarditis associated with MRSA BSI, implying involvement of both therapeutic and host-pathogen factors. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Characterization of two siderophores produced by Bacillus megaterium: A preliminary investigation into their potential as therapeutic agents(2020-10-01) Hataichanok Chuljerm; Manu Deeudom; Suthat Fucharoen; Francesca Mazzacuva; Robert C. Hider; Somdet Srichairatanakool; Agostino Cilibrizzi; Mahidol University; King's College London; Chiang Mai University© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Microorganisms produce siderophores in order to scavenge iron from the environment and this study focuses on the characterization of the two siderophores secreted by Bacillus megaterium. The general biological properties and pharmacokinetics following oral application of these compounds are reported. Methods: Under optimized culture conditions, the siderophores were harvested, purified by chromatography and identified using LC-MS and NMR. Two dihydroxamate siderophores were isolated, schizokinen (MW = 420) and schizokinen imide (MW = 402). Results: Both compounds demonstrate strong antioxidant activity and were found to be relatively nontoxic to both human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The siderophores possess a strong affinity for iron(III) and decrease the levels of the labile iron pool (LIP) in iron-loaded cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Schizokinen, was detected as both the free siderophore and the iron complex in the plasma and urine of rats after oral gavage. Conclusions: However, the bioavailability was low and thus schizokinen, like deferoxamine, has no potential as an orally active iron chelator for the treatment of systemic iron overload. General significance: By virtue of the high affinity of schizokinen for tribasic metals, this siderophore does have considerable potential for the chelation of gallium(III) and the development of clinical diagnostic reagents.Publication Metadata only Clinical and methodological factors affecting non-transferrin-bound iron values using a novel fluorescent bead assay(2016-11-01) Maciej W. Garbowski; Yongmin Ma; Suthat Fucharoen; Somdet Srichairatanakool; Robert Hider; John B. Porter; UCL; King's College London; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; The Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University; Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University© 2016 The Authors Nontransferrin-bound iron (NTBI) is a heterogeneously speciated plasma iron, typically detectable when transferrin saturation (TfSat) exceeds 75%. Here, we examine factors affecting NTBI levels by a recently discovered direct chelator-based (CP851) fluorescent bead-linked flow-cytometric assay (bead-NTBI), compared with the established indirect nitrilotriacetate (NTA) assay in 122 iron-overloaded patients, including 64 on recent iron chelation therapy and 13 healthy volunteers. Both methods correlated (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001) but with low agreement, attributable to 2 major factors: (1) the NTA method, unlike the bead method, is highly dependent on TfSat, with NTBI under-estimation at low TfSat and over-estimation once Tf is saturated, (2) the bead method detects <3-fold higher values than the NTA assay in patients on recent deferiprone-containing chelation due to greater detection of chelate complexes but lower values for patients on deferasirox. The optimal timing of sample collection relative to chelation dosing requires further study. Patients with splenectomy, high-storage iron, and increased erythropoiesis had greater discrepancy between assays, consistent with differential access by both methods to the NTBI pools associated with these clinical variables. The bead-NTBI assay has advantages over the NTA assay, being less dependent on TfSat, hence of less tendency for false-negative or false-positive values at low and high TfSat, respectively.Publication Metadata only Clustering of antimicrobial resistance outbreaks across bacterial species in the intensive care unit(2013-07-01) Anne L.M. Vlek; Ben S. Cooper; Theodore Kypraios; Andy Cox; Jonathan D. Edgeworth; Olga Tosas Auguet; King's College London; University Medical Center Utrecht; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Mahidol University; University of Nottingham; London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineBackground There are frequent reports of intensive care unit (ICU) outbreaks due to transmission of particular antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Less is known about the burden of outbreaks of resistance due to horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements between species. Moreover, the potential of existing statistical software as a preliminary means for detecting such events has never been assessed. This study uses a software package to determine the burden of species and resistance outbreaks in 2 adjacent ICUs and to look for evidence of clustering of resistance outbreaks consistent with interspecies transmission of resistance elements.Methods A retrospective analysis of data from 2 adjacent 15-bed adult ICUs between 2002 and 2009 was undertaken. Detection of bacterial species-groups and resistance outbreaks was conducted using SaTScan and WHONet-SaTScan software. Resampling and permutation methods were applied to investigate temporal clustering of outbreaks.Results Outbreaks occurred for 69% of bacterial species-groups (18/26), and resistance outbreaks were detected against 63% of antibiotics (10/16). Resistance outbreaks against 7 of 10 antibiotics were observed in multiple species-groups simultaneously and there was evidence of inter-species-group dependence for 4 of 7 antibiotics; background temporal changes in resistance did not explain the temporal aggregation of outbreaks in 3 of 7 antibiotics.Conclusions Species outbreaks occurred for the majority of bacteria commonly identified in the ICU. There was evidence for frequent temporal clustering of resistance outbreaks consistent with interspecies transmission of resistance elements. Wider application of outbreak detection software combined with targeted sequencing of bacterial genomes is needed to understand the contribution of interspecies gene transfer to resistance emergence. © 2013 The Author.Publication Metadata only Combined treatment of 3-hydroxypyridine-4-one derivatives and green tea extract to induce hepcidin expression in iron-overloaded β-thalassemic mice(2015-12-01) Supranee Upanan; Kanjana Pangjit; Chairat Uthaipibull; Suthat Fucharoen; Andrew T. McKie; Somdet Srichairatanakool; Chiang Mai University; Ubon Rajathanee University; Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Mahidol University; King's College London© 2015 Hainan Medical University. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of deferiprone (DFP), 1-(N-acetyl-6-aminohexyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4-one (CM1) or green tea extract (GTE) in enhancing expression of hepatic hepcidin1 (Hamp1) mRNA and relieving iron overload in β-globin knockout thalassemic mice. Methods: The β-globin knockout thalassemic mice were fed with a ferrocene-supplemented diet for 2 months and oral administration of deionized water, DFP (50 mg/kg), CM1 (50 mg/kg), GTE (50 mg epigallocatechin 3-gallate equivalent/kg), GTE along with DFP (50 mg/kg), and GTE along with CM1 (50 mg/kg) every day for 3 months. Levels of hepatic Hamp1 mRNA, plasma non-transferrin bound iron, plasma alanine aminotransferase activity and tissue iron content were determined. Results: All chelation treatments could reduce plasma non-transferrin bound iron concentrations. Additionally, hepatic Hamp1 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in the mice in a GTE + DFP combined treatment, correlating with a decrease in the plasma alanine aminotransferase activity and tissue iron deposition. Conclusions: The GTE + DFP treatment could ameliorate iron overload and liver oxidative damage in non-transfusion dependent β-thalassemic mice, by chelating toxic iron in plasma and tissues, and increasing hepcidin expression to inhibit duodenal iron absorption and iron release from hepatocytes and macrophages in the spleen. There is probably an advantage in giving GTE with DFP when treating patients with iron overload.Publication Metadata only Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference(2012-05-01) H. Rob Taal; Beate St Pourcain; Elisabeth Thiering; Shikta Das; Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori; Nicole M. Warrington; Marika Kaakinen; Eskil Kreiner-Møller; Jonathan P. Bradfield; Rachel M. Freathy; Frank Geller; Mònica Guxens; Diana L. Cousminer; Marjan Kerkhof; Nicholas J. Timpson; M. Arfan Ikram; Lawrence J. Beilin; Klaus Bønnelykke; Jessica L. Buxton; Pimphen Charoen; Bo Lund Krogsgaard Chawes; Johan Eriksson; David M. Evans; Albert Hofman; John P. Kemp; Cecilia E. Kim; Norman Klopp; Jari Lahti; Stephen J. Lye; George Mcmahon; Frank D. Mentch; Martina Müller-Nurasyid; Paul F. O'reilly; Inga Prokopenko; Fernando Rivadeneira; Eric A.P. Steegers; Jordi Sunyer; Carla Tiesler; Hanieh Yaghootkar; Myriam Fornage; Albert V. Smith; Sudha Seshadri; Reinhold Schmidt; Stéphanie Debette; Henri A. Vrooman; Sigurdur Sigurdsson; Stefan Ropele; Laura H. Coker; W. T. Longstreth; Wiro J. Niessen; Anita L. Destefano; Alexa Beiser; Alex P. Zijdenbos; Erasmus University Medical Center; University of Bristol; Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health; Imperial College London; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar; University of Western Australia Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Toronto; Oulun Yliopisto; Kobenhavns Universitet; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Exeter; Statens Serum Institut; Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental, Barcelona; Hospital del Mar; CIBER Epidemiologia Y Salud Publica; Helsingin Yliopisto; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing (NCHA); Mahidol University; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH); Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen; Klinikum der Universitat Munchen; University of Oxford; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; German Center for Neurodgenerative Diseases (DZNE); Boston University School of Medicine; Boston University School of Public Health; Inserm; University of Texas School of Public Health; Icelandic Research Institute; University of Iceland; National Institute on Aging; University of Mississippi Medical Center; Framingham Heart Study; European Bioinformatics Institute; University of Pennsylvania; Center for Public Health Research (CSISP); Centre National de Genotypage; Fondation Jean Dausset - CEPH; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Broad Institute; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of California, Davis; Churchill Hospital; Centro de Regulacion Genomica; Health Protection Agency; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ita-Suomen yliopisto; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; UCL; King's College London; National University of Singapore; Universitat Duisburg-Essen; Children's Hospital Boston; Harvard Medical School; University of Southampton; Institut for Sygdomsforebyggelse; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Edinburgh; University Hospital of Tampere; Tampereen Yliopisto; University of Tartu; Children's Hospital of Iowa; Harokopio University; Mid Sweden University, Ostersund; Turun yliopisto; St George's University of London; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute; Universitat Potsdam; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin; MRC Epidemiology Unit; University of Dundee; Singapore Eye Research Institute; Medizinische Universitat Graz; Wake Forest University School of Medicine; University of Washington, Seattle; Delft University of Technology; Universite de Montreal; Mayo Clinic; Leiden University Medical Center - LUMCTo identify genetic variants associated with head circumference in infancy, we performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (N = 10,768 individuals of European ancestry enrolled in pregnancy and/or birth cohorts) and followed up three lead signals in six replication studies (combined N = 19,089). rs7980687 on chromosome 12q24 (P = 8.1 × 10 -9 ) and rs1042725 on chromosome 12q15 (P = 2.8 × 10 -10 ) were robustly associated with head circumference in infancy. Although these loci have previously been associated with adult height, their effects on infant head circumference were largely independent of height (P = 3.8 × 10 -7 for rs7980687 and P = 1.3 × 10 -7 for rs1042725 after adjustment for infant height). A third signal, rs11655470 on chromosome 17q21, showed suggestive evidence of association with head circumference (P = 3.9 × 10 -6 ). SNPs correlated to the 17q21 signal have shown genome-wide association with adult intracranial volume, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, indicating that a common genetic variant in this region might link early brain growth with neurological disease in later life. © 2012 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Comparisons of methamphetamine psychotic and schizophrenic symptoms: A differential item functioning analysis(2011-06-01) Manit Srisurapanont; Suwanna Arunpongpaisal; Kiyoshi Wada; John Marsden; Robert Ali; Ronnachai Kongsakon; Chiang Mai University; Khon Kaen University; National Institute of Mental Health; King's College London; University of Adelaide; Mahidol UniversityThe concept of negative symptoms in methamphetamine (MA) psychosis (e.g., poverty of speech, flatten affect, and loss of drive) is still uncertain. This study aimed to use differential item functioning (DIF) statistical techniques to differentiate the severity of psychotic symptoms between MA psychotic and schizophrenic patients. Data of MA psychotic and schizophrenic patients were those of the participants in the WHO Multi-Site Project on Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis (or WHO-MAIP study) and the Risperidone Long-Acting Injection in Thai Schizophrenic Patients (or RLAI-Thai study), respectively. To confirm the unidimensionality of psychotic syndromes, we applied the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) on the eight items of Manchester scale. We conducted the DIF analysis of psychotic symptoms observed in both groups by using nonparametric kernel-smoothing techniques of item response theory. A DIF composite index of 0.30 or greater indicated the difference of symptom severity. The analyses included the data of 168 MA psychotic participants and the baseline data of 169 schizophrenic patients. For both data sets, the EFA and CFA suggested a three-factor model of the psychotic symptoms, including negative syndrome (poverty of speech, psychomotor retardation and flatten/incongruous affect), positive syndrome (delusions, hallucinations and incoherent speech) and anxiety/depression syndrome (anxiety and depression). The DIF composite indexes comparing the severity differences of all eight psychotic symptoms were lower than 0.3. The results suggest that, at the same level of syndrome severity (i.e., negative, positive, and anxiety/depression syndromes), the severity of psychotic symptoms, including the negative ones, observed in MA psychotic and schizophrenic patients are almost the same. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.Publication Metadata only Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-1-infected individuals: proposed clinical case definitions(2010-11-01) Lewis J. Haddow; Robert Colebunders; Graeme Meintjes; Stephen D. Lawn; Julian H. Elliott; Yukari C. Manabe; Paul R. Bohjanen; Somnuek Sungkanuparph; Philippa J. Easterbrook; Martyn A. French; David R. Boulware; King's College London; The Nelson R. Mandela Medical School; Prins Leopold Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde; Universiteit Antwerpen; University of Cape Town; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences; Alfred Hospital; Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research; Makerere University; The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Mahidol University; University of Western Australia; Royal Perth HospitalCryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) may present as a clinical worsening or new presentation of cryptococcal disease after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and is thought to be caused by recovery of cryptococcus-specific immune responses. We have reviewed reports of cryptococcal IRIS and have developed a consensus case definition specifically for paradoxical crytopcoccal IRIS in patients with HIV-1 and known cryptococcal disease before ART, and a separate definition for incident cryptococcosis developed during ART (termed ART-associated cryptococcosis), for which a proportion of cases are likely to be unmasking cryptococcal IRIS. These structured case definitions are intended to aid design of future clinical, epidemiological, and immunopathological studies of cryptococcal IRIS, to standardise diagnostic criteria, and to facilitate comparisons between studies. As for definitions of tuberculosis-associated IRIS, definitions for cryptococcal IRIS should be regarded as preliminary until further insights into the immunopathology of IRIS permit their refinement. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.Publication Metadata only Detection of coronary artery anomalies in infants and young children with congenital heart disease by using MR imaging(2011-01-01) Tarinee Tangcharoen; Aaron Bell; Sanjeet Hegde; Tarique Hussain; Philipp Beerbaum; Tobias Schaeffter; Reza Razavi; Rene M. Botnar; Gerald F. Greil; King's College London; Mahidol UniversityPurpose: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) coronary angiography for the detection of coronary artery anomalies in infants and children by using surgical findings as a reference. Materials and Methods: The data analysis was approved by the institutional review board. One hundred children with congenital heart disease underwent MR coronary angiography while under general anesthesia (mean age ± standard deviation, 3.9 years ± 3; age range, 0.2-11 years). A navigator-gated, T2-prepared, three-dimensional steady-state free precession whole-heart protocol (isotropic voxel size, 1.0-1.3 mm 3 ; mean imaging time, 4.6 minutes ± 1.2; mean navigator efficiency, 70%; 3-mm gating window) was used after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. The cardiac rest period (end systole or middiastole) and acquisition window were prospectively assessed for each patient. Coronary artery image quality (score of 0 [nondiagnostic] to 4 [excellent] ), vessel sharpness, and coronary artery anomalies were assessed by two observers. Surgery was performed in 58 patients, and those findings were used to define accuracy. Variables were assessed between age groups by using either analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Diagnostic image quality (score, ≥1 for all coronary artery segments) was obtained in 46 of the 58 patients (79%) who underwent surgery. The origin and course of the coronary artery anatomy depicted with MR imaging was confirmed at surgery in all 46 patients - including the four (9%) with substantial coronary artery anomalies. Diagnostic-quality images were obtained in 84 of the 100 patients. The rate of success improved significantly when patients were older than 4 months (88% for patients > 4 months vs 17% for patients ≤4 months, P < .001). Conclusion: Improved whole-heart MR coronary angiography enables accurate detection of abnormal origin and course of the coronary artery system even in very young patients with congenital heart disease. © RSNA, 2011.Publication Metadata only Digenic inheritance of mutations in HAMP and HFE results in different types of haemochromatosis(2003-09-01) Alison T. Merryweather-Clarke; Estelle Cadet; Adrian Bomford; Dominique Capron; Vip Viprakasit; Anne Miller; Paddy J. McHugh; Roger W. Chapman; Jennifer J. Pointon; Victoria L.C. Wimhurst; Karen J. Livesey; Voravarn Tanphaichitr; Jacques Rochette; Kathryn J.H. Robson; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine; Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculte de Medecine; King's College London; CHU Amiens Picardie; Mahidol University; St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey; Kingston Hospital NHS Trust; John Radcliffe HospitalHaemochromatosis (HH) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease caused by inappropriate iron absorption. Most HH patients are homozygous for the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. However, penetrance of the C282Y mutation is incomplete, and other genetic factors may well affect the HH phenotype. Ferroportin and TFR2 mutations also cause HH, and two HAMP mutations have recently been reported that causes juvenile haemochromatosis (JH) in the homozygous state. Here, we report evidence for digenic inheritance of HH. We have detected two new HAMP mutations in two different families, in which there is concordance between severity of iron overload and heterozygosity for HAMP mutations when present with the HFE C282Y mutation. In family A, the proband has a JH phenotype and is heterozygous for C282Y and a novel HAMP mutation Met50del IVS2+1(-G). This is a four nucleotide ATGG deletion which causes a frameshift. The proband's unaffected mother is also heterozygous for Met50del IVS2+1(-G), but lacks the C282Y mutation and is heterozygous for the HFE H63D mutation. Met50del IVS2+1 (-G) was absent from 642 control chromosomes. In family B, a second novel, less severe HAMP mutation, G71D, was identified. This was detected in the general population at an allele frequency of 0.3%. We propose that the phenotype of C282Y heterozygotes and homozygotes may be modified by heterozygosity for mutations which disrupt the function of hepcidin in iron homeostasis, with the severity of iron overload corresponding to the severity of the HAMP mutation.Publication Metadata only Dioscorealides and dioscoreanone, novel cytotoxic naphthofuranoxepins, and 1,4-phenanthraquinone from Dioscorea membranacea Pierre(2003-08-07) Arunporn Itharat; Anuchit Plubrukarn; Palangpon Kongsaeree; Tam Bui; Niwat Keawpradub; Peter J. Houghton; King's College London; Prince of Songkla University; Mahidol University(Matrix presented) Commonly used among ingredients in Thai traditional anticancer preparations, the rhizome of Dioscorea membranacea Pierre was found potently cytotoxic and possibly contributed to such a therapeutic effect. Bioassay-guided isolation resulted in two novel cytotoxic naphthofuranoxepins, dioscorealides A (1) and B (2), and a new 1,4-phenanthraquinone, dioscoreanone (3). The structure determination, achieved mainly by means of NMR and CD spectral and X-ray crystallographic analyses, and cytotoxicity are discussed here.Publication Metadata only Direct injection of human serum and pharmaceutical formulations for glucosamine determination by CE-C 4D method(2011-08-01) Patcharin Chaisuwan; Thitiya Kongprasertsak; Areeporn Sangcakul; Norman W. Smith; Duangjai Nachapricha; Prapin Wilairat; Kanchana Uraisin; Srinakharinwirot University; Mahidol University; King's College LondonA simple CE-C 4 D method has been developed for the determination of glucosamine by direct injection of human serum and pharmaceutical samples. Glucosamine was electrokinetically injected and analysed in its protonated form using 20mM MES/His (pH 6) as background electrolyte in order to separate it from the matrix and to provide a better response to the C 4 D detector. Separation of glucosamine in human serum and pharmaceutical samples was performed in 3min without the need for protein precipitation or matrix removal. Good precision in terms of %RSD for the migration time and peak area were less than 1.91% (n=10). The conductivity signal was linear with glucosamine concentration in the range 0.10-2.50mg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.03mg/mL. Recoveries of glucosamine in serum and pharmaceutical samples were 86.5-104.78%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of the glucosamine content in pharmaceutical formulations and validated with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Good agreements were observed between the developed method, label values and the HPLC method. Glucosamine could be detected in spiked serum sample by direct injection. This was not possible by HPLC due to co-eluting interferences. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.Publication Metadata only "The dirty hand in the latex glove": A study of hand hygiene compliance when gloves are worn(2011-12-01) Christopher Fuller; Joanne Savage; Sarah Besser; Andrew Hayward; Barry Cookson; Ben Cooper; Sheldon Stone; UCL; King's College London; Health Protection Agency; Mahidol University; Royal Free Hampstead NHS TrustBack ground and objective. Wearing of gloves reduces transmission of organisms by health care workers'hands but is not a substitute for hand hygiene. Results of previous studies have varied as to whether hand hygiene is worse when gloves are worn. Most studies have been small and used nonstandardized assessments of glove use and hand hygiene. We sought to observe whether gloves were worn when appropriate and whether hand hygiene compliance differed when gloves were worn. design. bservational study. participants and setting. Healthcare workers in 56 medical or care of the elderly wards and intensive care units in 15 hospitals across England and Wales. methods. Weobservedhandhygieneandgloveusage(7,578momentsforhandhygiene)during249one-hoursessions.Observersalso recorded whether gloves were or were not worn for individual contacts. results. Gloves were used in 1,983 (26.2%) of the 7,578 moments for hand hygiene and in 551 (16.7%) of 3,292 low-risk contacts; gloves were not used in 141 (21.1%) of 669 high-risk contacts. The rate of hand hygiene compliance with glove use was 41.4% (415 of 1,002 moments), and the rate without glove use was 50.0% (1,344 of 2,686 moments). After adjusting for ward, healthcare worker type, contact risk level, and whether the hand hygiene opportunity occurred before or after a patient contact, glove use was strongly associated with lower levels of hand hygiene (adjusted odds ratio, 0.65 [95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.79 P.0001). conclusion. Therateofgloveusageislowerthanpreviouslyreported.Glovesareoftenwornwhennotindicatedandviceversa.The rate of compliance with hand hygiene was significantly lower when gloves were worn. Hand hygiene campaigns should consider placing greater emphasis on the World Health Organization indications for gloving and associated hand hygiene. trial registration. National Research Register N0256159318. © 2011 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.Publication Metadata only Diurnal variation of higher order aberrations in human eyes(2007-05-01) Sabong Srivannaboon; Dan Z. Reinstein; Timothy J. Archer; Mahidol University; King's College London; Weill Cornell Medical CollegePURPOSE: To evaluate diumal variation of higher order aberrations in human eyes. METHODS: A prospective study of 20 myopic eyes was performed. Cycloplegic aberrometry (Zywave) and refraction were measured at 2-hour intervals for five time points beginning at 10:00 AM. Changes in measured magnitude for third and fourth order Zernike coefficients were compared over time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test for statistically significant differences across time points for each Zernike coefficient. A separate prospective study was performed of 11 myopic eyes to determine and compare diurnal variation with the repeatability coefficient of individual Zernike coefficients measured using the Zywave aberrometer. RESULTS: Mean refraction was -0.75±1.25 diopters (D) sphere and -0.57±0.43 D cylinder. No statistically significant change (ANOVA) was noted over the period of observation for any individual Zernike coefficients. Only Z3-3(vertical trefoil) showed an average increase of 0.029 μm (P=.98) towards the end of the day; however, this trend was not statistically significant. The standard deviation of individual Zernike coefficients ranged from 0.035 μm (Z44) to 0.165 μm (Z3-1). CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant diurnal variation of higher order aberrations was measured by Zywave aberrometer. The trend of Z3-3increasing later in the day was most likely a Zywave measurement error artifact.