Browsing by Author "Ruben A. Apelo"

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    Breast cancer and combined oral contraceptives: Results from a multinational study
    (1990-01-01) Geoffrey Berry; Robert MacLennan; Rodney Shearman; Tatiana Jelihovsky; Joan Cooper Booth; Ramiro Molina; Luis Martinez; Oriana Salas; Alfredo Dabancens; Chen Zhiheng; Tao Yun; Hu Yong Wei; Alvaro Cuadros; Nubia Aristizabal; K. Ebeling; P. Nishan; D. Kunde; Baruch Modan; Elaine Ron; Ester Alfandary; J. G. Mati; Patrick Kenya; Alfred Kungu; D. Gatei; Hector Rodriguez Cuevas; Socorro Benavides Salazar; Antonio Palet; Patricia Ontiveros; Ruben A. Apelo; Julietta R. de la Cruz; Jose Baens; Benita Javier; Suporn Silpisornkosol; Tieng Pardthaisong; Nimit Martin; Choti Theetranont; Banpot Boosiri; Supawat Chutivongse; Pramuan Virutamasen; Chansuda Wongsrichanalai; Prasarn Jimakorn; Suporn Koetsawang; Daungdao Rachawat; Nivat Chantarakul; Helge Stalsberg; David B. Thomas; Elizabeth A. Noonan; Susan Holck; The University of Sydney; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile; Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research; Hospital Universitario; Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR; Chaim Sheba Medical Center Israel; University of Nairobi; Hospital General de Mexico; University of the Philippines Manila; Chiang Mai University; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Universitetet i Tromso; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante; Hospital del Salvador
    A collaborative, hospital-based case-control study was conducted at 12 participating centres in 10 countries. Based on data from personal interviews of 2, 116 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 12,077 controls, the relative risk of breast cancer in women who ever used oral contraceptives was estimated to be 1.15 (1.02, 1.29). Estimated values of this relative risk based on data from three developed and seven developing countries were 1.07 (0.91, 1.26) and 1.24 (1.05, 1.47) respectively; these estimates are not significantly different (P = 0.22). Estimates for women under and over age 35 were 1.26 (0.95, 1.66) and 1.12 (0.98, 1.27), respectively, and these estimates are also not significantly different (P= 0.38). Risk was highest in recent and current users and declined with time since last use regardless of duration of use. Risk did not increase with duration of use after stratifying on time since last use. Risk did not increase significantly with increasing duration of use before age 25 or before a first live birth. However, a relative risk of 1.5 that was of borderline statistical significance was observed in women who used oral contraceptives for more than 2 years before age 25. No single source of bias or confounding was identified that could explain the small increases in risk that were observed. Chance alone is also an unlikely explanation. The results could be due to a combination of chance and potential sources of bias, or they could represent a weak causal relationship. © Macmillan Press Ltd., 1990.
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    Combined oral contraceptives and liver cancer
    (1989-01-01) Ramiro Molina; Luis Martinez; Oriana Salas; Aifredo Dabancens; Tao Yun; Chen Zhi‐Heng; Hu Yong‐Wei; Alvaro Cuadros; Nubia Aristizabal; Baruch Modan; Elaine Ron; Esther Alfandary; J. G. Mati; Patrick Kenya; Alfred Kungu; D. Gatei; Patrick A. Ibeziako; A. A. Abioye; T. A. Junaid; Patrick U. Aghadiuno; Ruben A. Apelo; Julietta R. De LaCruz; Jose Baens; Benjamin D. Canlas; Suporn Silpisornkosol; Tieng Pardthaisong; Boonlong Sivasomboom; Choti Theetranont; Banpot Boosiri; Supawat Chutivongse; Pramuan Virutamasen; Chansuda Wongsrichanalai; Sermsri Sindhvananda; Suporn Koetsawang; Duangdao Rachawat; Orawan Kiriwat; Nivat Chantarakul; P. P. Anthony; David B. Thomas; Janet L. Stanford; Roberta M. Ray; Elizabeth A. Noonan; Susan Holck; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile; Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research; Hospital Universitario; Chaim Sheba Medical Center Israel; University of Nairobi; University of Ibadan; University of the Philippines Manila; Chiang Mai University; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Exeter North Devon Health Authority; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante
    A multi‐national, hospital‐based, case‐control study was conducted to evaluate the possible relationships of steroid contraceptives to 6 neoplasms. Based on data from 122 newly diagnosed cases of primary liver cancer and 802 matched controls, the relative risk of liver cancer in women who had ever used combined oral contraceptives was estimated to be 0.71 (95% Cl 0.4–1.2). No consistent trend in risk with months of use or time since first or last use was observed. Separate analyses also revealed no association between use of combined oral contraceptives and hepatocellular carcinoma (RR = 0.60) or cholangiocarcinoma (RR = 1.22). Most women in this study came from areas in which hepatitis B is endemic and rates of liver cancer are relatively high, and in most cases use of oral contraceptives was of short duration. These results provide no evidence that short‐term use of oral contraceptives enhances risk of liver cancer in countries where the determinants of this disease are similar to those observed in the countries where this study was conducted. Copyright © 1989 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company
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    Intrauterine devices and endometrial cancer
    (1996-12-01) Karin A. Rosenblatt; David B. Thomas; Geoffrey Berry; Robert MacLennan; Rodney Shearman; Tatiana Jelihovsky; Joan Cooper Booth; Ramiro Molina; Luis Martinez; Oriana Salas; Alfredo Dabancens; Chen Zhiheng; Tao Yun; Hu Yong Wei; Baruch Modan; Elaine Ron; Esther Alfandary; Hector Rodriguez Cuevas; Socorro Benavides Salazar; Antonio Palet; Patricia Ontiveros; Ruben A. Apelo; Julietta R. De La Cruz; Jose Baens; Benita Javier; Suporn Silpisornkosol; Tieng Pardthaisong; Nimit Martin; Choti Theetranont; Banpot Boosiri; Supawat Chutivongse; Pramuan Virutamasen; Chansuda Wongsrichanalai; Prasarn Jimakorn; Suporn Koetsawang; Daungdao Rachawat; Nivat Chantarakul; F. A. Langley; Elizabeth A. Noonan; Susan Hoick; Tim Farley; Olav Meirik; The University of Sydney; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile; Hospital del Salvador; Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research; Chaim Sheba Medical Center Israel; Hospital General de Mexico; University of the Philippines Manila; Chiang Mai University; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; St Mary's Hospital London; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Illinois; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante
    The relationship between intrauterine device (IUD) use and the development of endometrial cancer was assessed in data from seven countries that were collected between 1979 and 1988 for a multinational hospital-based case-control study. Two hundred twenty-six cases of endometrial cancer were compared with 1,529 controls matched for age, hospital, and year of interview. No significant association between use of an IUD and risk of endometrial cancer was observed (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.4-1.33). There were no trends in risk with respect to duration of use, time since first use, or ages at first or last use. No cases had used a copper IUD (OR = 0, 95% CI = 0- 1.71). Although women over age 55 who had used an IUD were at significantly increased risk, this unexpected finding is based on small numbers of users and requires independent confirmation. These results, along with those from other studies, provide reassurance that risk of endometrial cancer is unlikely to be increased by use of an IUD.
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    Invasive squamous‐cell cervical carcinoma and combined oral contraceptives: Results from a multinational study
    (1993-01-01) Geoffrey Berry; Robert Maclennan; Rodney Shearman; Tatiana Jelihovsky; Joan Cooper Booth; Ramiro Molina; Luis Martinez; Oriana Salas; Alfredo Dabancens; Chen Zhiheng; Tao Yun; Hu Yong Wei; Alvaro Cuadros; Nubia Aristizabal; Baruch Modan; Elaine Ron; Esther Alfandary; J. G. Mati; Patrick Kenya; Alfred Kungu; D. Gatei; Hector Rodriguez Cuevas; Socorro Benavides Salazar; Antonio Palet; Patricia Ontiveros; Pat A. Ibeziako; T. A. Junaid; P. Aghediuno; A. A. Abioye; Ruben A. Apelo; Julietta R. De la Cruz; Jose Baens; Benjamin D. Canlas; Suporn Silpisornkosol; Tieng Pardthaisong; Viruch Charoeniam; Choti Theetranont; Banpot Boosiri; Supawat Chutivongse; Pramuan Virutamasen; Chansuda Wongsrichanalai; Sermsri Sindhavananda; Suporn Koetsawang; Duangdao Rachawat; Amorn Koetsawang; Gustave Riotton; William M. Christopherson; Joseph L. Melnick; Ervin Adam; David B. Thomas; Roberta M. Ray; Elizabeth A. Noonan; Janet L. Stanford; Karin A. Rosenblatt; Susan Holck; Olav Meirik; Timothy M.M. Farley; David B. Thomas; Roberta M. Ray; The University of Sydney; Hospital Jose Joaquin Aguirre; Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research; Hospital Universitario; Chaim Sheba Medical Center Israel; University of Nairobi; Hospital General de Mexico; University of Ibadan; University of the Philippines Manila; Chiang Mai University; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Universite de Geneve Faculte de Medecine; University of Louisville Health Sciences Center; Baylor College of Medicine; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante; Hospital del Salvador
    Data from a hospital‐based case‐control study collected in 11 participating centers in 9 countries were analyzed to determine whether use of combined oral contraceptives alters risk of invasive squamous‐cell cervical cancer. Information on prior use of oral contraceptives, screening for cervical cancer, and suspected risk factors for this disease were ascertained from interviews of 2361 cases and 13,644 controls. A history of smoking and anal and genital warts was obtained, and blood specimens were collected for measurement of antibodies against herpes simplex and cytomegalo viruses, from selected sub‐sets of these women, as was a sexual history from interviews of husbands. The relative risk of invasive squamous‐cell cervical carcinoma was estimated to be 1.31, with a 95% confidence interval that excluded one, in women who ever used combined oral contraceptives. Risk of this disease increased significantly with duration of use after 4 to 5 years from first exposure, and declined with the passage of time after cessation of use to that of non‐users in about 8 years. No sources of bias or confounding were identified that offered plausible explanations for these findings. The strength of these results, and their consistency with those from other studies, suggest that a causal relationship may exist between use of combined oral contraceptives and squamous‐cell cervical carcinoma. Women who have used these products for 4 or more years, and who most recently used them within the past 8 years, should receive high priority for cervical cytologic screening. Copyright © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company
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    Oral contraceptives and invasive adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas of the uterine cervix
    (1996-08-01) David B. Thomas; Roberta M. Ray; Geoffrey Berry; Robert MacLennan; Rodney Shearman; Tatiana Jelihovsky; Joan Cooper Booth; Ramiro Molina; Luis Martinez; Oriana Salas; Alfredo Dabancens; Alvaro Cuadros; Nubia Aristizabal; Baruch Modan; Elaine Ron; Esther Alfandary; J. G. Mati; Patrick Kenya; Alfred Kungu; D. Gatei; Hector Rodriguez Cuevas; Socorro Benavides Salazar; Antonio Palet; Patricia Ontiveros; Ruben A. Apelo; Julietta R. De La Cruz; Jose Baens; Benjamin D. Canlas; Suporn Silpisornkosol; Tieng Pardthaisong; Viruch Charoeniam; Choti Theetranont; Banpot Boosiri; Supawat Chutivongse; Pramuan Virutamasen; Chansuda Wongsrichanalai; Sermsri Sindhavananda; Suporn Koetsawang; Duangdao Rachawat; Amorn Koetsawang; Gustave Riotton; William M. Christopherson; Joseph L. Melnick; Ervin Adam; Olav Meirik; Timothy M.M. Farley; Susan Holck; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; The University of Sydney; Hospital Universitario; Chaim Sheba Medical Center Israel; University of Nairobi; Hospital General de Mexico; University of the Philippines Manila; Chiang Mai University; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Universite de Geneve Faculte de Medecine; University of Louisville Health Sciences Center; Baylor College of Medicine; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante
    Data from a hospital-based case-control study collected between 1979 and 1988 in 10 participating hospitals in eight countries were analyzed to determine whether use of combined oral contraceptives alters the risks of invasive adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Information on prior use of oral contraceptives, suspected risk factors for cervical cancer, and history of cytologic screening was ascertained from interviews with 271 women with adenocarcinomas, 106 with adenosquamous carcinomas, and a large pool of hospitalized controls, from which 2,887 were matched to the cases included in this report. History of smoking and anogenital warts and blood specimens for measurement of herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus antibodies were obtained from subsets of these women, as was a sexual history from a subset of their husbands. The epidemiologic features and associations with oral contraceptives were similar for adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. For both types combined, risk increased with duration of oral contraceptive use, was highest in recent and current users, and declined with time since cessation of use. These trends in risk were strongest for cancers that occurred in women under age 35 years, and the association with risk was somewhat stronger for high compared with low progestin potency products. The strength of the observed relation with oral contraceptives was about the same as has been observed for invasive squamous cell cervical carcinomas. Women who have used oral contraceptives should be considered at increased risk of adenomatous cervical carcinomas.
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    Tubal ligation and risk of cervical cancer
    (2000-01-01) Hui Qing Li; David B. Thomas; Geoffrey Berry; Robert MacLennan; Rodney Shearman; Tatiana Jelihovsky; Joan Cooper Booth; Ramiro Molina; Luis Martinez; Oriana Salas; Alfredo Dabancens; Alvaro Cuadros; Nubia Aristizabal; Geoffrey Berry; Baruch Modan; Elaine Ron; Esther Alfandary; J. G. Mati; Patrick Kenya; Alfred Kungu; D. Gatei; Hector Rodriguez Cuevas; Socorro Benavides Salazar; Antonio Palet; Patricia Ontiveros; Ruben A. Apelo; Julietta R. De la Cruz; Jose Baens; Benjamin D. Canlas; Suporn Silpisornkosol; Tieng Pardthaisong; Viruch Charoeniam; Choti Theetranont; Banpot Boosiri; Supawat Chutivongse; Pramuan Virutamasen; Chansuda Wongsrichanalai; Sermsri Sindhavananda; Suporn Koetsawang; Duangdao Rachawat; Amorn Koetsawang; Gustave Riotton; William M. Christopherson; Joseph L. Melnick; Ervin Adam; Olav Meirik; Timothy M.M. Farley; Susan Holck; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; The University of Sydney; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile; Hospital Universitario; Chaim Sheba Medical Center Israel; University of Nairobi; Hospital General de Mexico; University of the Philippines Manila; Chiang Mai University; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Universite de Geneve Faculte de Medecine; University of Louisville Health Sciences Center; Baylor College of Medicine; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante
    Data from a hospital-based case-control study collected in eight countries were analyzed to determine whether tubal ligation alters risk of invasive squamous-cell cervical cancer. Study subjects included 2339 cases aged 22 to 64 years with newly diagnosed squamous cell cervical cancer in 10 participating medical centers, and 13,506 hospitalized controls matched on age and place of residence to the cases. After adjustment for age, center, caesarian section, number of live births, number of marriages or other sexual relationships, age at first sexual relationship, and frequency of Pap smears, a small decrease in risk was observed during the first 5 postoperative years. Tubal ligation probably provides an opportunity for secondary prevention of cervical cancer. © 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.