Scopus 2019
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Publication Metadata only Experimental investigation of modified Savonius wind turbines(2019-04-09) J. Priyadumkol; K. Khaothong; W. Chaiworapuek; Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus; Kasetsart University; Mahidol University© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This aim of this study was to experimentally characterize the performance of Savonius wind turbine. The turbine rotors were modified by varying the distances, measured from blade tip to the most concave point of rotor. To achieve this objective, the investigated parameters were shape factor, including 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, and 0.2 while the Reynolds numbers were set as 136,640 and 156,160. The results showed that the Savonius rotor performed better performance at the higher Reynold number. Also, the tip speed ratio and shape factor were found to have a strong influence on the characteristic of power coefficient. The maximum power coefficient was obtained during the tip speed ratio of 0.4-0.6 while the shape factor of 0.4 provided a better performance than other rotors. This corresponds with the modified rotor 1, having the higher power coefficient compared to conventional rotor by 6.67% and 18.75% for a Reynolds number of 136,640 and 156,160, respectively.Publication Metadata only Gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs in the spotted bent-toed gecko, cyrtodactylus peguensis (boulenger, 1893): A histological and histochemical study(2019-01-01) Lamai Thongboon; Sinlapachai Senarat; Jes Kettratad; Wannee Jiraungkoorskul; Sansareeya Wangkulangkul; Pisit Poolprasert; Chamnan Para; Gen Kaneko; Theerakamol Pengsakul; University of Houston-Victoria; Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla University; Mahasarakham University© 2019 by Thieme Revinter. The spotted bent-toed gecko Cyrtodactylus peguensis is one of the exploited reptiles in Thailand. In order to provide basic information for the digestive system of this species, we have examined histologically the gastrointestinal and accessory organs of C. peguensis using routine methods. The gastrointestinal region of this reptile started from the stomach and the intestine. The stomach was separated into fundic and pyloric regions. In both regions, the stomach wall was formed by four distinct tissue layers, including mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers. Mucous neck cells and oxynticopeptic cells were identified as glycoprotein-producing cells in the stomach by Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The small and large intestines shared many histological characteristics, but the former contained more intestinal folds, while the latter had more PAS-positive goblet cells. Histological characteristics of accessory organs, liver and pancreas, were also provided. Overall, the gastrointestinal and accessory organs of C. peguensis were largely similar to those from other reptiles, but fine structural information will open up considerable opportunities to further studies related to the endocrinology, the physiology, and the conservation of this species.Publication Metadata only The temporal dynamics of humoral immunity to Rickettsia typhi infection in murine typhus patients(2019-01-01) K. Phakhounthong; M. Mukaka; S. Dittrich; A. Tanganuchitcharnchai; N. P.J. Day; L. J. White; P. N. Newton; S. D. Blacksell; Mahidol University; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Mahosot Hospital© 2019 The Author(s) Objectives: This study examined individuals with Rickettsia typhi infection in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) to (a) investigate humoral immune dynamics; (b) determine the differences in reference diagnostic results and recommend appropriate cut-offs; (c) determine differences in immune response after different antibiotic treatments; and (d) determine appropriate diagnostic cut-off parameters for indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Methods: Sequential serum samples from 90 non-pregnant, adults were collected at seven time-points (days 0, 7, 14, 28, 90, 180 and 365) as part of a clinical antibiotic treatment trial. Samples were tested using IFA to determine IgM and IgG antibody reciprocal end-point titres against R. typhi and PCR. Results: For all 90 individuals, reciprocal R. typhi IgM and IgG antibody titres ranged from <400 to ≥3200. The median half-life of R. typhi IgM was 126 days (interquartile range 36–204 days) and IgG was 177 days (interquartile range 134–355 days). Overall median patient titres for R. typhi IgM and IgG were significantly different (p < 0.0001) and at each temporal sample collection point (range p < 0.0001 to p 0.0411). Using Bayesian latent class model analysis, the optimal diagnostic cut-off reciprocal IFA titer on patient admission for IgM was 800 (78.6%, 95% CI 71.6%–85.2% sensitivity; 89.9%, 95% CI 62.5%–100% specificity), and for IFA IgG 1600 (77.3%; 95% CI 68.2%–87.6% sensitivity; 99%, 95% CI 95%–100% specificity). Conclusions: This study suggests suitable diagnostic cut-offs for local diagnostic laboratories and other endemic settings and highlights antibody persistence following acute infection. Further studies are required to validate and define cut-offs in other geographically diverse locations.Publication Metadata only Phototherapy for early-stage mycosis fungoides in thais(2019-08-01) T. Sukakul; S. Nitayavardhana; N. Janyong; N. Silpa-Archa; C. Wongpraparut; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF THAILAND. Objective: To study the efficacy of psoralen with ultraviolet A photochemotherapy (PUVA) and narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy (NBUVB), for early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) in Thais. Materials and Methods: A retrospective medical chart review of 50 cases was performed. Demographic data, type of phototherapy, duration of treatments, clinical response, relapse, and adverse effects were analyzed. Comparative analysis of clinical response between hypopigmented MF and non-hypopigmented MF was performed. Results: Fifty MF patients that were stage Ia to Ila were evaluated. Fifty-four percent of patients were treated with NBUVB, 20.0% with PUVA, 6.0% with ultraviolet A1, and 20.0% with combined phototherapy. Mean treatment duration was 7.0±2.3 months for PUVA and 7.6±4.4 months for NBUVB. Thirty patients (60.0%) had complete response and 17 (34.0%) had partial response. Clinical response between PUVA and NBUVB was not significantly different, however PUVA had less cases of relapse. Clinical response was better for hypopigmented MF patients than for non-hypopigmented MF patients. Conclusion: PUVA and NBUVB are effective and safe for early-stage MF. Hypopigmented MF had better clinical response than non-hypopigmented MF.Publication Metadata only Behavioral and histopathological studies of cervical spinal cord contusion injury in rats caused by an adapted weight-drop device(2019-09-25) Kanyaratana Bamrungsuk; Anchalee Vattarakorn; Namphung Thongta; Kanokwan Tilokskulchai; Sompol Tapechum; Supin Chompoopong; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2018 2018 Kanyaratana Bamrungsuk et al., published by Sciendo. Models of spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by weight-drop devices to cause contusion have been used extensively, and transient behavioral deficits after thoracic injury have been demonstrated. The severity of the injury caused by the device should be mild enough to allow recovery. To determine whether our adapted weight-drop device with a small tip can effectively induce mild hemicontusion at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra. We divided 15 adult male Sprague Dawley rats into groups of 5 for the following treatments: sham (SH, laminectomy only), mild (MSCI) or severe SCI (SSCI). Behavioral tests and histopathology were used before (day 1) and after the treatment on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 to assess the injury. Rats with SSCI showed a significant somatosensory deficit on days 3 and 7 compared with rats in the SH group, recovering by day 14. In a horizontal-ladder test of skilled locomotion, rats with SSCI showed a significant increase in error scores and percentage of total rungs used, and a decrease in the percentage of correct paw placement compared with rats in the SH group. There was greater recovery to normal paw placement by rats with MSCI than by rats with SSCI. These behavioral deficits were consistent with histopathology using hematoxylin and eosin counterstained Luxol fast blue, indicating the degree of injury and lesion area. Mild hemicontusion caused by the adapted device can be used to evaluate SCI and provides a model with which to test the efficacy of translational therapies for SCI.Publication Metadata only Fatal anaphylaxis from a second amoxicillin/clavulanic acid provocation after a prior negative provocation(2019-01-01) Mongkhon Sompornrattanaphan; Chamard Wongsa; Piyawut Kreetapirom; Aree Jameekornrak Taweechue; Orathai Theankeaw; Torpong Thongngarm; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Chaophya HospitalPublication Metadata only Overexpression of plasmepsin II and plasmepsin III does not directly cause reduction in Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to artesunate, chloroquine and piperaquine(2019-04-01) Duangkamon Loesbanluechai; Namfon Kotanan; Cristina de Cozar; Theerarat Kochakarn; Megan R. Ansbro; Kesinee Chotivanich; Nicholas J. White; Prapon Wilairat; Marcus C.S. Lee; Francisco Javier Gamo; Laura Maria Sanz; Thanat Chookajorn; Krittikorn Kümpornsin; GlaxoSmithKline plc, Spain; Churchill Hospital; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Mahidol University; Wellcome Sanger Institute© 2018 The Authors Artemisinin derivatives and their partner drugs in artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) have played a pivotal role in global malaria mortality reduction during the last two decades. The loss of artemisinin efficacy due to evolving drug-resistant parasites could become a serious global health threat. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is a well tolerated and generally highly effective ACT. The implementation of a partner drug in ACTs is critical in the control of emerging artemisinin resistance. Even though artemisinin is highly effective in parasite clearance, it is labile in the human body. A partner drug is necessary for killing the remaining parasites when the pulses of artemisinin have ceased. A population of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Cambodia and adjacent countries has become resistant to piperaquine. Increased copy number of the genes encoding the haemoglobinases Plasmepsin II and Plasmepsin III has been linked with piperaquine resistance by genome-wide association studies and in clinical trials, leading to the use of increased plasmepsin II/plasmepsin III copy number as a molecular marker for piperaquine resistance. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of plasmepsin II and plasmepsin III in the 3D7 genetic background failed to change the susceptibility of P. falciparum to artemisinin, chloroquine and piperaquine by both a standard dose-response analysis and a piperaquine survival assay. Whilst plasmepsin copy number polymorphism is currently implemented as a molecular surveillance resistance marker, further studies to discover the molecular basis of piperaquine resistance and potential epistatic interactions are needed.Publication Metadata only The Mechanism of Sugar C−H Bond Oxidation by a Flavoprotein Oxidase Occurs by a Hydride Transfer Before Proton Abstraction(2019-03-21) Thanyaporn Wongnate; Panida Surawatanawong; Litavadee Chuaboon; Narin Lawan; Pimchai Chaiyen; Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology; Mahidol University; Chiang Mai University© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Understanding the reaction mechanism underlying the functionalization of C−H bonds by an enzymatic process is one of the most challenging issues in catalysis. Here, combined approaches using density functional theory (DFT) analysis and transient kinetics were employed to investigate the reaction mechanism of C−H bond oxidation in d-glucose, catalyzed by the enzyme pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O). Unlike the mechanisms that have been conventionally proposed, our findings show that the first step of the C−H bond oxidation reaction is a hydride transfer from the C2 position of d-glucose to N5 of the flavin to generate a protonated ketone sugar intermediate. The proton is then transferred from the protonated ketone intermediate to a conserved residue, His548. The results show for the first time how specific interactions around the sugar binding site promote the hydride transfer and formation of the protonated ketone intermediate. The DFT results are also consistent with experimental results including the enthalpy of activation obtained from Eyring plots, as well as the results of kinetic isotope effect and site-directed mutagenesis studies. The mechanistic model obtained from this work may also be relevant to other reactions of various flavoenzyme oxidases that are generally used as biocatalysts in biotechnology applications.Publication Metadata only Expression of sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 in malaria-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome in a mouse model(2019-01-01) Chuchard Punsawad; Parnpen Viriyavejakul; Walailak University; Mahidol University© 2019 Punsawad, Viriyavejakul. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This study aimed to investigate the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK-1) and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR-3) in a mouse model of malaria-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). DBA/2 mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA to generate an experimental model of malaria-associated ALI/ ARDS. The infected mice were divided into 2 groups based on the histopathological study of lung tissues: those with and those without ALI/ARDS. The expression of the SphK-1 and S1PR-3 proteins in the lung tissues was investigated using immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. In addition, the S1P level was quantified in plasma and lung tissues using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated that the cellular expression of the SphK-1 and S1PR-3 proteins was significantly upregulated in endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages in the lung tissues of malaria-infected mice with ALI/ARDS compared with those in the control groups. The increased expression of the SphK-1 and S1PR-3 proteins was confirmed using Western blot analysis. The concentration of S1P in plasma and lung tissues was significantly decreased in malaria-infected mice with ALI/ARDS compared with non-ALI/ARDS and control mice. Furthermore, increased expression of the SphK-1 and S1PR-3 proteins significantly correlated with lung injury scores and S1P concentrations in malaria-infected mice with ALI/ARDS. These findings highlight increased expression of SphK-1 and S1PR-3 in the lung tissues of malaria-infected mice with ALI/ARDS.Publication Metadata only Accumulator bet selection through stochastic diffusion search(2019-04-01) Nassim Dehouche; Mahidol University© 2019, ICIC International. An accumulator is a bet that presents a rather unique payout structure, in that it combines multiple bets into a wager that can generate a total payout given by the multiplication of the individual odds of its parts. These potentially important returns come however at an increased risk of a loss. Indeed, the presence of a single incorrect bet in this selection would make the whole accumulator lose. The complexity of selecting a set of matches to place an accumulator bet on, as well as the number of opportunities to identify winning combinations have both dramatically increased with the easier access to online and offline bookmakers that bettors have nowadays. We address this relatively under-studied combinatorial aspect of sports betting, and propose a binary optimization model for the problem of selecting the most promising combinations of matches, in terms of their total potential payout and probability of a win, to form an accumulator bet. The results of an ongoing computational experiment, in which our model is applied to real data pertaining to the four main football leagues in the world over a complete season, are presented and compared to those of single bet selection methods.Publication Metadata only I-Sleep: Intelligent Sleep Detection System for Analyzing Sleep Behavior(2019-10-01) Supakit Dhamchatsoontree; Chaiyapat Sirisin; Monika Proncharoensukkul; Konlakorn Wongpatikaseree; Mahidol University© 2019 IEEE. Sleeping is a naturally mechanism of body for help to repair the body. However, to monitor the sleep quality is not an easy task. In this research, we purpose sleep detection system, which can classify sleep postures and calculate Sleep Quality Index (SQI). Pressure sensing sensor, called i-Sleep sensor, with 48 embedded force sensors has been created in order to classify the sleep postures, several machine learning algorithms were adopted to classify the sleep posture. From the experiment, the successful rate of sleep posture detection is 86.7%. Finally, web application was implemented to show the real-Time data, and sleep quality index in each day.Publication Metadata only Proteomes of the female salivary glands of Simulium nigrogilvum and Simulium nodosum, the main human-biting black flies in Thailand(2019-06-01) Chayanit Hempolchom; Onrapak Reamtong; Nitat Sookrung; Wichai Srisuka; Yuwaporn Sakolvaree; Wanpen Chaicumpa; Kritsana Taai; Watcharatip Dedkhad; Narissara Jariyapan; Hiroyuki Takaoka; Atiporn Saeung; University of Malaya; Mahidol University; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Chiang Mai University; Entomology Section; Western University© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Although several studies have reported pharmacological and immunological activity, as well as the role of black flies in transmitting pathogens to vertebrate hosts through salivary glands (SG) during blood feeding, SG proteomes of the anthropophilic black flies in Thailand have never been reported. Therefore, this study determined the SG proteomes of female S. nigrogilvum and S. nodosum. Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and two-dimensional (2-DE) gels containing separated SG proteins of individual species were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and an orthologous protein search from eukaryotic organism, nematocera and simuliidae databases for total protein identification. SDS-PAGE and protein staining revealed at least 13 and 9 major protein bands in the SGs of female S. nigrogilvum and S. nodosum, respectively, as well as several minor ones. The 2-DE demonstrated a total of 56 and 41 protein spots for S. nigrogilvum and S. nodosum, respectively. Most of the proteins obtained in both species were enzymes involved in blood feeding, including proteases, apyrases, hyaluronidases, aminopeptidase and elastase. The results obtained in this study provided a new body of knowledge for a better understanding on the role of salivary gland proteins in these black fly species in Thailand.Publication Metadata only Inter-rater reliability and cross-validation of lumbar stability test(2019-04-03) Peemongkon Wattananon; Chutiporn Thammajaree; Mahidol University© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: Clinical lumbar stability test can be used to assess individuals’ ability to control their lumbar spine during limb movements. However, inter-rater reliability and validity has not previously been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) establish inter-rater reliability of lumbar stability test, and (2) cross-validate the lumbar stability test using lab-based equipment as a reference standard. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy university students were recruited. Two fourth year physical therapy students performed lumbar stability test. Lumbar stability levels were used to determine inter-rater reliability using kappa statistics. Then, the participants were asked to perform two trials of 30-s seated balance tests on an unstable chair in eye-open and eye-closed conditions. These trunk neuromuscular control data, including 95% confidence ellipse area (CEA), root-mean-square error along X and Y axes (RMSEx and RMSEy, respectively), were used to cross-validate the lumbar stability test using Spearman’s correlation. Results: Kappa statistics revealed poor to almost perfect agreement (0–1.00). When adjusting for prevalence and bias, inter-rater reliability were fair to almost perfect (0.31–0.59). CEA, RMSEx and RMSEy were greater in eye-closed condition (8.81, 0.30 and 0.48, respectively) comparing with eye-open condition (2.79, 0.16 and 0.26, respectively). Correlation between lumbar stability level and trunk neuromuscular control were fair (r = –0.31–0.34) in eye-open condition and weak (r = –0.14–0.18) in eye-closed condition. Conclusion: Lumbar stability test should be refined to improve inter-rater reliability. Lumbar stability level does not completely represent trunk postural control. Clinicians should use this test with caution.Publication Metadata only Applying mathematical modeling to predict road traffic noise in Phuket Province, Thailand(2019-01-01) Withida Patthanaissaranukool; Kulnapa Bunnakrid; Tanasri Sihabut; King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT)© Int. J. of GEOMATE. Road traffic is the most significant source of noise in an urban city and is considered not only an environmental nuisance but also a threat to public health. Therefore, this study aimed to determine road traffic noise levels in Phuket Province, including Muang Phuket, Thalang, and Kathu District; and to compare them with predicted noise levels using NMTHAI 1.2. Traffic noise level, traffic volume and speed of vehicles were measured on main roads including Yaowarat, Ratsada, Montri, Patipat, Ban Muangmai, Ban Kain, Ban Lipon, Baramee and Vichitsongkram Road. The results showed that traffic noise in Muang Phuket, Thalang and Kathu Districts were 70.0-70.9, 72.9-74.7 and 74.6-74.8 dBA, respectively. The result revealed that traffic noise levels obtained from the model were higher than measured noise at an average of 4.8±2.3 dBA. A high correlation was observed between predicted and measured traffic noise levels (R2 = 0.655, P < 0.01). Speed of vehicles and traffic volume were key variables affecting traffic noise level with a correlation coefficient of 0.752 and 0.702 at 99% confidence level, respectively. The model performed reasonably well under different traffic noise conditions and could predict traffic noise of other cities in Thailand.Publication Metadata only Population genetics of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in its native range in Lao People's Democratic Republic(2019-10-14) Maysa Tiemi Motoki; Dina Madera Fonseca; Elliott Frederic Miot; Bruna Demari-Silva; Phoutmany Thammavong; Somsanith Chonephetsarath; Nothasine Phommavanh; Jeffrey Conrad Hertz; Pattamaporn Kittayapong; Paul Trevor Brey; Sebastien Marcombe; Institut Pasteur du Laos; Smithsonian Institution; Mahidol University; CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP; Institut Pasteur, Paris; Sorbonne Universite; Vysnova Partners Inc.; Center for Vector Biology; Naval Medical Research Unit TWO© 2019 The Author(s). Background: The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) is an important worldwide invasive species and can be a locally important vector of chikungunya, dengue and, potentially, Zika. This species is native to Southeast Asia where populations thrive in both temperate and tropical climates. A better understanding of the population structure of Ae. albopictus in Lao PDR is very important in order to support the implementation of strategies for diseases prevention and vector control. In the present study, we investigated the genetic variability of Ae. albopictus across a north-south transect in Lao PDR. Methods: We used variability in a 1337-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1), to assess the population structure of Ae. albopictus in Lao PDR. For context, we also examined variability at the same genetic locus in samples of Ae. albopictus from Thailand, China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Italy and the USA. Results: We observed very high levels of genetic polymorphism with 46 novel haplotypes in Ae. albopictus from 9 localities in Lao PDR and Thailand populations. Significant differences were observed between the Luangnamtha population and other locations in Lao PDR. However, we found no evidence of isolation by distance. There was overall little genetic structure indicating ongoing and frequent gene flow among populations or a recent population expansion. Indeed, the neutrality test supported population expansion in Laotian Ae. albopictus and mismatch distribution analyses showed a lack of low frequency alleles, a pattern often seen in bottlenecked populations. When samples from Lao PDR were analyzed together with samples from Thailand, China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Italy and the USA, phylogenetic network and Bayesian cluster analysis showed that most populations from tropical/subtropical regions are more genetically related to each other, than populations from temperate regions. Similarly, most populations from temperate regions are more genetically related to each other, than those from tropical/subtropical regions. Conclusions: Aedes albopictus in Lao PDR are genetically related to populations from tropical/subtropical regions (i.e. Thailand, Singapore, and California and Texas in the USA). The extensive gene flow among locations in Lao PDR indicates that local control is undermined by repeated introductions from untreated sites.Publication Metadata only The sbGnRH–GTH system in the female short mackerel, Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851), during breeding season: implications for low gamete production in captive broodstock(2019-02-15) Sinlapachai Senarat; Jes Kettratad; Niwat Kangwanrangsan; Wannee Jiraungkoorskul; Masafumi Amano; Akio Shimizu; F. Gerald Plumley; Sasipong Tipdomrongpong; Chulalongkorn University; National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, FRA; Mahidol University; Kitasato University; Samut Songkhram Marine Fisheries Research and Development Station© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature. The short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) is one of the most economically important fish in Thailand; it is also a prime candidate for mariculture but unfortunately is plagued by reproductive problems that cause low production of gametes in captivity. An understanding of how the brain, pituitary, and gonad axis (BPG) from the neuroendocrine system are involved in the reproductive activity of wild and captive R. brachysoma should help clarify the situation. In this study, we investigated changes in the sea bream gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sbGnRH)–gonadotropin (GTH) system in the female short mackerel, Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851), during breeding season. sbGnRH-immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies were detected in the nucleus preopticus-periventricularis including nucleus periventricularis (NPT), nucleus preopticus (Np), and nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT). Additionally, the sbGnRH-ir fibers protruded into the proximal par distalis (PPD) where GTH (FSH and LH) cells were detected. The number of sbGnRH-ir cell bodies and GTH cells and level of LH mRNA were significantly higher in the breeding season than those in the non-breeding season. Moreover, the number of sbGnRH-ir cell bodies and GTH cells and levels of sbGnRH and GTH (FSH and LH) mRNA were significantly higher in the wild fish than those in the cultured broodstock. It is suggested that the wild fish tended to have better reproductive system than hatchery fishes. This could be related to the endocrinological dysfunction and the reproductive failure in the hatchery condition. Moreover, the changes of all of the hormonal level could potentially be applied to R. brachysoma aquaculture.Publication Metadata only Incidence and risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis following gastroschisis repair in correlation with modes of abdominal wall closure and umbilical management at siriraj hospital: An 11-year retrospective review(2019-01-01) Mongkol Laohapensang; Duangkamol Puthakunraksa; Niramol Tantemsapya; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Chareonkrung Pracharak Hospital© 2019 Siriraj Medical Journal. Objective: We investigated the correlation between umbilical management and NEC in infants with gastroschisis as well as the incidence and potential risk factors of NEC in patients with gastroschisis at Siriraj Hospital from 2005 to 2016. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with gastroschisis who were surgically repaired at Siriraj Hospital from January 2005 to January 2016. The baseline characteristics, umbilical management, and short-term outcomes were analyzed in relation to NEC complications to determine the associated correlations and potential risk factors. Results: Overall, 106 patients were enrolled. The incidence of NEC following gastroschisis repair was 16% (17/106). Umbilical preservation was a significant potential risk factor for NEC (p = 0.009; hazard ratio = 5.14; 95% CI = 1.51-17.42). There were no significant differences between the NEC and non-NEC group for gender, median Apgar scores, gestational ages, and birth weight. The short-term outcomes were significantly higher for the NEC than the non-NEC group, with a time to first oral feeding of 15 vs. 9 days (p = 0.006), duration of total parenteral nutrition, 22 vs. 12 days (p < 0.001), and length of stay, 32 vs. 23 days (p = 0.01) respectively. Conclusion: Umbilical preservation following gastroschisis repair was associated with a higher incidence of NEC, even in term infants. Thus, NEC should be carefully monitored after abdominal fascial closure with umbilical preservation.Publication Metadata only Incidence and outcomes of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) following antiretroviral therapy (ART) in hiv-infected patients(2019-08-01) C. Chareesil; P. Werarak; N. Angkasekwinai; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2019, Medical Association of Thailand. All rights reserved. Background: The incidence and outcomes of paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and unmasking tuberculosis-associated IRIS (TB-IRIS) after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is not well defined. Objective: To determine the cumulative incidence and outcomes of paradoxical and unmasking TB-IRIS after ART initiation Materials and Methods: The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected patients starting ART at Siriraj Hospital between January 2010 and December 2013. The outcomes obtained were mortality, rate of hospitalization, the increment of CD4 cell count, and the proportion of virologic suppression six months and one year after ART initiation. Results: Three hundred seventy HIV-infected patients were included, with a median CD4 cell count at baseline of 44 cells/mm3. Of the 120 patients who were diagnosed with TB before starting ART, 21 (17.5%) developed paradoxical TB-RIS at a median time of 24 days. Of the 250 patients who were not receiving TB treatment when ART was initiated, 18 (7.2%) experienced ART- associated TB, with a median time of 47.5 days and 13 cases (5.2%) identified as unmasking TB-IRIS. No significant differences were found in the increments of the CD4 cell count and the proportions of virologic suppression at 6- and 12-month. Four patients who died did not develop TB-IRIS. Those with paradoxical TB-IRIS or ART-associated TB were hospitalized within six months after ART more frequently than those without TB-IRIS (33.3% and 33.3% versus 8.2%, respectively; p=0.001) and required more diagnostic procedures than those without TB-IRIS (42.9% and 55.6% versus 3.3%, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion: Patients with TB-IRIS were hospitalized and underwent a diagnostic procedure far more frequently than those without TB-IRIS, but none of the TB-IRIS patients died. ART should be provided early, and fear of any type of IRIS should not be a reason to defer ART in HIV-TB co-endemic areas.Publication Metadata only Clotting tests associated with hypofibrinogenemia and systemic bleeding in green pit viper or Russell’s viper bite patients(2019-01-01) T. Saengnoi; P. Chantrathammachart; T. Puavilai; U. Sangchaisirisak; W. Wananukul; S. Srisuma; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; Mahidol University; Sawanpracharak Hospital© 2019 Medical Association of Thailand. All rights reserved. Background: Serum fibrinogen of less than 100 mg/dL is recommended for predicting systemic bleeding risk in hematotoxic snake bite patients, but it is not widely available. Data on using venous clotting time (VCT), 20-minute whole blood clotting test (20WBCT), platelets, prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) to predict systemic bleeding in hematotoxic snake bite patients are limited. Objective: To determine association between clotting tests (VCT, 20WBCT, platelets, PT, PTT, and INR) and 1) serum fibrinogen of less than 100 mg/dL, and 2) systemic bleeding in patients bitten by green pit viper (GPV) or Russell’s viper (RV). Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients bitten by GPV or RV at Sawanpracharak Hospital, Nakhon Sawan, Thailand, between October 2016 and December 2017. Patient’s blood specimens were collected for fibrinogen, PT, INR, PTT, platelet count, VCT, and 20WBCT at initial presentation and every six hours until 24 hours of admission, or patients’ recovery. The association were determined by using Fisher’s exact test. Results: There were 30 patients, 21 were bitten by GPV, and nine were bitten by RV. One hundred sixty-one sets of blood specimens were collected. There were four cases with systemic bleeding. Factors associated with fibrinogen of less than 100 mg/dL were VCT of 20 minutes or more (p=0.01), unclotted 20WBCT (p=0.01), PT of more than 13 seconds (p=0.04), and INR of 1.2 or more (p<0.01). Factors that associated with systemic bleeding were VCT of 20 minutes or more (p<0.01), unclotted 20WBCT (p<0.01), INR of 1.2 or more (p=0.04), and fibrinogen of less than 100 mg/dL (p=0.01). Conclusion: VCT of 20 minutes or more, unclotted 20WBCT, and INR of 1.2 or more are associated with serum fibrinogen less than 100 mg/dL and systemic bleeding in GPV and RV envenomation.Publication Metadata only Comparison of visceral fat volume and visceral fat area at umbilical level assessed by multislice computed tomography(2019-01-01) S. Jongjirasiri; C. Noinark; S. Kamtasila; J. Laothamatas; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University© 2019 JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF THAILAND. Objective: To validate the in-house software that quantify the total abdominal fat volume using multi-detector computed tomography (CT), and define the clinical significance of the capacities of intra-abdominal visceral fat volume (VFV) and subcutaneous fat volume (SFV) to the specific zones, which were scanned by a conventional single-slice CT at the level of umbilicus. Materials and Methods: Individuals who underwent a 320-slices coronary CT angiogram between January and March 2009 (40 men, 60 women) were recruited. SFV and VFV were measured by semi-automatic method starting at the upmost of the liver down to the lowermost of the pelvis. The capacity inside the muscle walls around abdominal cavity was used to measure intra-abdominal VFV. Calculations of subtracting the VFV from the total abdominal fat capacity will equal to the abdominal SFV. In the same way, the intra-abdominal visceral fat areas (VFA) and subcutaneous fat areas (SFA) were computed by the commercial AccuView software at the level of umbilical. Results: VFV was correlated positively with VFA measured by the single-slice CT at the level of umbilicus in both genders (r=0.903, p<0.001 in men and r=0.786, p<0.001 in women). SFV also showed a positive correlation with SFA in both genders (r=0.835, p<0.001 in men and r=0.726, p<0.001 in women). Conclusion: A new method in measuring the intra-abdominal fat capacities is achieved semi-automatically through helical CT.