Scopus 2019
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Publication Metadata only Pre-Vulcanization of Large and Small Natural Rubber Latex Particles: Film-Forming Behavior and Mechanical Properties(2019-09-01) Manus Sriring; Adun Nimpaiboon; Nattanee Dechnarong; Sirirat Kumarn; Yuji Higaki; Ken Kojio; Atsushi Takahara; Chee Cheong Ho; Jitladda Sakdapipanich; Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman; Oita University; Mahidol University; Kyushu University; Faculty of ScienceMahidol University; University of Mahidol© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim The pre-vulcanized large rubber particle (LRP) and small rubber particle (SRP) latices are independently prepared to investigate their film-forming process and mechanical properties after being cast into films. The surface morphologies and roughness of both LRP and SRP films are found to be dependent on crosslink densities. The networks inside each rubber particle (RP) restrict particle deformation resulting in residual contour of RP within the film surface. For highly crosslinked RP, the collapse of the top surface of the RPs in the LRP films appears to create many “crater-like” structures within the film surfaces, while they present only protruding particles within the SRP and blend films. This seems to indicate that LRPs are easier to coalesce and form film than SRPs. Additionally, dynamic and mechanical properties and strain-induced crystallization (SIC) behaviors of the latex films, are effectively enhanced after pre-vulcanization. The pre-vulcanized LRP films perform better tensile properties and SIC than the SRP can.Publication Metadata only Intrapartum prediction of birth weight with a simplified algorithmic approach derived from maternal characteristics(2019-08-01) Piengbulan Yapan; Chirameth Promchirachote; Chutima Yaiyiam; Suraiya Rahman; Julaporn Pooliam; Tuangsit Wataganara; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2019 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. To derive and validate a population-specific multivariate approach for birth weight (BW) prediction based on quantitative intrapartum assessment of maternal characteristics by means of an algorithmic method in low-risk women. The derivation part (n = 200) prospectively explored 10 variables to create the best-fit algorithms (70% correct estimates within ±10% of actual BW) for prediction of BW at term; vertex presentation with engagement. The algorithm was then cross validated with samples of unrelated cases (n = 280) to compare the accuracy with the routine abdominal palpation method. The best-fit algorithms were parity-specific. The derived simplified algorithms were (1) BW (g) = 100 [(0.42 × symphysis-fundal height (SFH; cm)) + gestational age at delivery (GA; weeks)-25] in nulliparous, and (2) BW (g) = 100 [(0.42 × SFH (cm)) + GA-23] in multiparous. Cross validation showed an overall 69.3% accuracy within ±10% of actual BW, which exceeded routine abdominal palpation (60.4%) (P = 0.019). The algorithmic BW prediction was significantly more accurate than routine abdominal palpation in women with the following characteristics: BW 2500-4000 g, multiparous, pre-pregnancy weight <50 kg, current weight <60 kg, height <155 cm, body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2, cervical dilatation 3-5 cm, station <0, intact membranes, SFH 30-39 cm, maternal abdominal circumference (mAC) <90 cm, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <25 cm and female gender of the neonates (P < 0.05). An overall accuracy of term BW prediction by our simplified algorithms exceeded that of routine abdominal palpation.Publication Metadata only Effects of biochar-immobilized bacteria on phytoremediation of cadmium-polluted soil(2019-08-01) Chonticha Chuaphasuk; Benjaphorn Prapagdee; Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. This work is the first report of the ability of biochar-immobilized cadmium-resistant bacteria (CRB) on promoting the efficiency of cadmium phytoextraction by Chlorophytum laxum R.Br. The survival of CRB immobilized on biochar in cadmium-contaminated soil at a concentration of 75.45 mg kg−1 was studied. The results found that both CRB, namely Arthrobacter sp. TM6 and Micrococcus sp. MU1, can survive and grow in cadmium-contaminated soil. To study phytoextraction in the pot experiments, 2-month-old C. laxum was individually planted in cadmium-contaminated soil and divided into four treatments, including (i) untreated control, (ii) biochar, (iii) biochar-immobilized (BC) Arthrobacter sp., and (iv) BC-Micrococcus sp. The results found that biochar-immobilized CRB did not cause any effect to the root lengths and shoot heights of plants compared to the untreated control. Interestingly, inoculation of biochar-immobilized CRB significantly increased cadmium accumulation in the shoots and roots compared to the untreated control. In addition, the highest cadmium content in a whole plant, best phytoextraction performance, and greatest bioaccumulation factor was found in plant inoculated with BC-Micrococcus sp., followed by BC-Arthrobacter sp. In conclusion, inoculation of biochar-immobilized CRB enhanced cadmium accumulation and translocation of cadmium from the roots to shoots, suggesting further applying biochar-immobilized CRB in cadmium-polluted soil for promoting cadmium phytoextraction efficiency of ornamental plants. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].Publication Metadata only Chlorhexidine for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections: the totality of evidence(2019-08-01) Patompong Ungprasert; Visanu Thamlikitkul; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Existence of two mature sequences of cubifrin neuropeptide and their effects on spawning in the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra(2019-01-01) Arada Chaiyamoon; Yotsawan Tinikul; Supakant Chaichotranunt; Tanes Poomthong; Worawit Suphamungmee; Prasert Sobhon; Ruchanok Tinikul; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University; Mahidol University; Royal Fisheries Initiated Projects and Special Activities Division; Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Center© 2019 Elsevier B.V. NG-related neuropeptide is a myoactive neuropeptide identified in deuterostome invertebrates. Recent studies indicated that in sea cucumbers NG-related neuropeptide can stimulate muscle contraction and is involved in reproduction, including oocyte maturation and gamete spawning. In the present study, we first characterized the NG-related neuropeptide precursor, named cubifrin in Holothuria scabra and further investigated its effect on spawning. The deduced amino acid sequence of the neuropeptide precursor transcript provided five copies of two different mature sequences and were designated as cubifrin-Y and cubifrin-F based on C-terminal amino acid sequences of NGIWYamide and NGIWFamide. Interestingly, physiological bioassay demonstrated that the newly identified cubifrin-F was more potent in stimulating spawning with about 70% success rate, than cubifrin-Y that could stimulate only 10% spawning, compared with the control group. The in situ hybridization showed intense expression of cubifrin transcript within the wall of the ovarian tubule at late ovarian stages, suggesting that cubifrin was produced locally and stimulated spawning by causing contraction of the wall of ovarian tubule. Taken together, gained knowledge provided important insight into spawning mechanisms which could be applied by using these cubifrin amides to stimulate spawning of broodstocks for seed and larval productions in aquaculture of this sea cucumber species.Publication Metadata only Structural basis for inhibition of Plasmodium vivax invasion by a broadly neutralizing vaccine-induced human antibody(2019-09-01) Thomas A. Rawlinson; Natalie M. Barber; Franziska Mohring; Jee Sun Cho; Varakorn Kosaisavee; Samuel F. Gérard; Daniel G.W. Alanine; Geneviève M. Labbé; Sean C. Elias; Sarah E. Silk; Doris Quinkert; Jing Jin; Jennifer M. Marshall; Ruth O. Payne; Angela M. Minassian; Bruce Russell; Laurent Rénia; François H. Nosten; Robert W. Moon; Matthew K. Higgins; Simon J. Draper; A-Star, Singapore Immunology Network; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Oxford; Mahidol University; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. The most widespread form of malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax. To replicate, this parasite must invade immature red blood cells through a process requiring interaction of the P. vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) with its human receptor, the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines. Naturally acquired antibodies that inhibit this interaction associate with clinical immunity, suggesting PvDBP as a leading candidate for inclusion in a vaccine to prevent malaria due to P. vivax. Here, we isolated a panel of monoclonal antibodies from human volunteers immunized in a clinical vaccine trial of PvDBP. We screened their ability to prevent PvDBP from binding to the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines, and their capacity to block red blood cell invasion by a transgenic Plasmodium knowlesi parasite genetically modified to express PvDBP and to prevent reticulocyte invasion by multiple clinical isolates of P. vivax. This identified a broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody that inhibited invasion of all tested strains of P. vivax. Finally, we determined the structure of a complex of this antibody bound to PvDBP, indicating the molecular basis for inhibition. These findings will guide future vaccine design strategies and open up possibilities for testing the prophylactic use of such an antibody.Publication Metadata only Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay for diagnosis of active tuberculosis in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A prospective cohort study(2019-04-01) Munjit Na Songkhla; Hutsaya Tantipong; Sasima Tongsai; Nasikarn Angkasekwinai; Chonburi Regional Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© The Author(s) 2019. Background. Detection of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan antigen in urine has emerged as a potential point-of-care test for diagnosis of tuberculosis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) assay for diagnosis of active tuberculosis among Thai adults with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods. HIV-infected adult patients with CD4 cell counts ≤200/μL and symptoms suggestive of active tuberculosis were prospectively recruited from both inpatient and outpatient settings at Siriraj Hospital and Chonburi Hospital in Thailand during the study period from December 2015 to March 2017. Freshly collected urine samples were applied to the Alere Determine TB LAM Ag test strip using a grade 1 cutoff, according to the manufacturer's grading system. The diagnostic accuracy of the LF-LAM test was assessed against a microbiological reference standard (definite tuberculosis) or a composite reference standard (definite and probable tuberculosis). Results. Of the 280 patients who were included, 72 (25.7%) had definite and 65 (23.2%) had probable tuberculosis. Among patients with definite tuberculosis, the LF-LAM test yielded a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 76.0%. It had the highest sensitivity (90.5%) in HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts <50/μL. It yielded a lower sensitivity (61.3%) but a higher specificity (86.0%) when compared with the composite reference standard. Among the 20 patients (14%) with false-positive results, strong band intensity was observed mostly in Mycobacterium avium complex infections. An incremental sensitivity of 11% was observed with use of acid-fast bacilli sputum smear or LF-LAM testing, compared with LF-LAM testing alone. Conclusions. The LF-LAM test performed well in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in selected patients with more advanced tuberculosis and coexisting HIV disease.Publication Metadata only Age-related changes in reach-to-grasp movements with partial visual occlusion(2019-01-01) Nuttakarn Runnarong; Jarugool Tretriluxana; Watinee Waiyasil; Preeyanuch Sittisupapong; Suradej Tretriluxana; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang; Mahidol University; Srinakharinwirot University© 2019 Runnarong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This study investigated the influence of age and visual occlusion on fast reach-to-grasp movements. The effect of visual occlusion on reach-to-grasp movement was examined using a task that heavily relies on feed-forward control. Three groups of healthy adults aged 22, 49 and 65 on average performed fast reach-to-grasp movements with full visual and partial visual occlusion conditions of the hand during the initial part of movement. Regarding the effect of age, the all parameters of reach-to-grasp movement were deteriorated with age, except relative time to maximum velocity and spatial coordination. Regarding the effect of visual condition, participants reached with prolonged movement time, lower peak velocity, and later occurrences of peak velocity and peak aperture, as well as decrease in spatial coordination. Regarding the effect of age on visual condition, visual occlusion resulted in a longer movement time and delayed time to maximum velocity in middle-aged and older groups compared to full vision, but the difference was not observed in the younger groups. Conclusion: Reach-to-grasp performance deteriorated with age and the performance was affected when vision of the hand at initial movement was occluded. Overall, movement performance in middle-aged and older adults was affected by visual occlusion, whereas it was unaffected in younger adults. The results indicate that visual feedback of the hand at initial movement is important to control reach-to-grasp movement of middle-aged and older adults during real tasks.Publication Metadata only Local and systemic effects of low-level light therapy with light-emitting diodes to improve erythema after fractional ablative skin resurfacing: a controlled study(2019-03-06) Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha; Thanawan Iamphonrat; Weeranut Phothong; Sasima Eimpunth; Woraphong Manuskiatti; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2018, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature. Therapy with light-emitting diodes (LED) has been associated with the reduction of erythema and accelerated wound healing. LED phototherapy has been used in various clinical practices including post-laser wound healing enhancement. Fractional laser resurfacing is one of the popular dermatological procedures; however, the duration and degree of downtime may limit daily life activity and studies on the effect of LED low-level light therapy (LED-LLLT) on post-ablative laser wound care are still limited. To evaluate local and systemic effects of LED-LLLT on post-ablative laser erythema and wound healing acceleration after fractional ablative laser resurfacing. The study was divided into two arms. First, a prospective split-face randomized controlled and single-blinded study involved 17 patients (split-face group) to determine the local and systemic effect of LED-LLLT. Patients with acne scars or rhytides were treated with a single session of fractional CO 2 laser followed by 830/590 nm LED-LLLT on one side of their faces. The duration of post-laser erythema, the erythema index, and transepidermal water loss were collected at baseline, and compared with 7-daily follow-up visits posttreatment for the non LED- and LED-treated sides. The second controlled arm of the study was performed on an additional 19 subjects (CO 2 group). The patients received a single fractional CO 2 laser treatment without any LED-LLLT with the same follow-up protocol. All measurements were compared with the results from the patients from the split-face group. In the split-face group, the duration of erythema post laser was equal (7.4 ± 2.8 days). No significant reduction in the erythema index and transepidermal water loss was seen in the LED-treated vs the non-treated side (p values = 0.99 and 0.78 respectively). For the second part of the study that compared the results between the split-face group and the control CO 2 only group, the duration of the post-laser erythema was comparable (p value = 0.32). However, the percentage difference of the erythema index from baseline in the split-face group was significantly lower than the CO 2 group on days 1, 4, 5, and 7 post-laser treatment (p value = 0.03 on days 1, 4, 5, and 0.04 on day 7) and the LED-treated side provided the lowest percentage difference of the erythema index followed by the non LED-treated side compared with the control CO 2 only group. 830/590 nm LED-LLLT may provide both local and systemic effects on the degree of post-ablative laser erythema in human skin, however, appropriate protocol settings should be considered to achieve a significant clinical outcome.Publication Metadata only Cutaneous toxicities of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: A prospective study in 60 Asian patients(2019-03-01) Leena Chularojanamontri; Papapit Tuchinda; Chayanee Likitwattananurak; Kamolwan Pongparit; Chuda Rujitharanawong; Suthinee Ithimakin; Kanokvalai Kulthanan; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2019, Allergy and Immunology Society of Thailand. All rights reserved. Background: Several prospective studies have been conducted in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor -related cutaneous reactions in Caucasian patients, but prospective studies in Asian populations are scarce. Objective: To investigate the cutaneous side effects of EGFR inhibitors in Asian cancer patients and to assess tumor response to dermatologic manifestations. Methods: Sixty patients with lung or colorectal cancer who were receiving EGFR inhibitors were prospectively followed for at least one year by oncologists and dermatologists. Results: Of 60 patients (33 males, 27 females), 46 lung cancer patients received erlotinib (n = 29) and gefitinib (n = 17). Cetuximab was prescribed in 14 colorectal cancer patients. Fifty-eight patients (58/60, 96.7%) developed cutaneous reactions. The most common reactions were xerosis (82.8%), acne (79.3%), and skin desquamation (62.1%). Most reactions were mild and well-tolerated. Of 14 patients who had severe reactions, temporary treatment interruption was necessary in 3 patients and a decreasing dose was required in another 3 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in type, severity, or number of cutaneous reactions between responders (29/58) and non-responders (29/58) to EGFR inhibitors. At median follow-up time of 11.92 ± 1.08 months, no patient died from cutaneous toxicities. Nine patients died from cancer and 11 patients lost to follow-up. Conclusion: In this Asian population, almost all patients (96.7%) developed cutaneous toxicities of EGFR inhibitors. Xerosis, acne, and desquamation were common in Asian cancer patients. Most reactions were mild and well tolerated. Due to limited number of patients, this study did not show significant associations between cutaneous toxicities and tumor response.Publication Metadata only Mechanical strength of natural rubber filled fly ash(2019-09-30) A. Dasaesamoh; T. Osotchan; K. Subannajui; Mahidol University© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In this present work, Fly ash was incorporated into natural rubber to form a natural rubber composite. The natural rubber composite was prepared by solution mixing method at the constant amount of fly ash at 80 phr. The fly ash particle was modified its surface by TESPT silane coupling agent before mixing with natural rubber latex. The surface morphology of natural rubber composites were examined by SEM image. The vulcanization parameters were examined by MDR technique. The results show that modified fly ash affects to natural rubber compound by shorten the vulcanization time and increase maximum torque. The mechanical properties were investigated from stress-strain curve. It reveals that the surface modification of fly ash improves tensile strength of natural rubber by 6 times. The increasing of strength may attribute to the formation of polymer-fillers interaction through TESPT molecules.Publication Metadata only Surgical treatment of myopic strabismus fixus by loop myopexy augmented with scleral fixation: A case report(2019-01-01) Pittaya Phamonvaechavan; Piangporn Saksiriwutto; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2019 Siriraj Medical Journal. Objective: To present the clinical findings, surgical procedure and long-term outcome of a Thai patient with myopic strabismus fixus. Case presentation: The patient presented with recurrent progressive esotropia and hypotropia. Two strabismus surgeries were performed 20 years ago. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings indicated the etiology which was secondary to inferiorly deviated lateral rectus (LR) muscle and medially deviated superior rectus (SR) muscle. The patient had undergone loop myopexy of lateral rectus and superior rectus muscles augmented with scleral fixation and satisfactory result was achieved up to six years after the operation. Conclusion: The patient with myopic strabismus fixus should be evaluated by MRI to confirm the etiology of this disorder. Marked esotropia and hypotropia can be safely aligned by simple loop myopexy augmented with scleral fixation.Publication Metadata only Overexpression of the peroxin Pex34p suppresses impaired acetate utilization in yeast lacking the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier Agc1p(2019-12-01) Chalongchai Chalermwat; Thitipa Thosapornvichai; Parith Wongkittichote; John D. Phillips; James E. Cox; Amornrat N. Jensen; Duangrurdee Wattanasirichaigoon; Laran T. Jensen; St. Louis Children's Hospital; University of Utah; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; Mahidol University© FEMS 2019. PEX34, encoding a peroxisomal protein implicated in regulating peroxisome numbers, was identified as a high copy suppressor, capable of bypassing impaired acetate utilization of agc1∆ yeast. However, improved growth of agc1∆ yeast on acetate is not mediated through peroxisome proliferation. Instead, stress to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria from PEX34 overexpression appears to contribute to enhanced acetate utilization of agc1∆ yeast. The citrate/2-oxoglutarate carrier Yhm2p is required for PEX34 stimulated growth of agc1∆ yeast on acetate medium, suggesting that the suppressor effect is mediated through increased activity of a redox shuttle involving mitochondrial citrate export. Metabolomic analysis also revealed redirection of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) from synthetic reactions for amino acids in PEX34 overexpressing yeast. We propose a model in which increased formation of products from the glyoxylate shunt, together with enhanced utilization of acetyl-CoA, promotes the activity of an alternative mitochondrial redox shuttle, partially substituting for loss of yeast AGC1.Publication Metadata only Healthcare supply chain management: Macro and micro perspectives(2019-01-01) Duangpun Kritchanchai; Sineenart Krichanchai; Soriya Hoeur; Albert Tan; Silpakorn University; Mahidol University; Malaysia Institute for Supply Chain Innovation© Wyższa Szkoła Logistyki, Poznań, Polska. Background: The concept of supply chain management is to coordinate and collaborate among supply chain players in order to achieve system efficiency. Supply chain coordination and collaborations deal with the connection of operations throughout the chain with material and information flowing smoothly across these supply chain operations in achieving efficiency. Healthcare supply chain is one of such complex systems involving many stakeholders in the supply chain. Coordinating a single platform for these stakeholders is a challenge by achieving smooth flow of operations on this platform. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the operations in this healthcare supply chain materials and information flows across the players at two levels, macro and micro perspective. Methods: The supply chain infrastructure enabling efficiency is investigated in the hospital environment. Multiple case studies have been conducted at 13 hospitals which include secondary hospitals and primary hospitals. Triangulation techniques, including interviews, site visiting and document analysis, are employed for data collection so as to enhance reliability and validity of the study. Results and conclusions: The study found that the healthcare supply chain efficiency could be achieved at 2 levels, namely supply chain level and firm level. The main concerns of the organizations of both levels are process efficiency and patient safety.Publication Metadata only Expansion of Stem Cell-Like CD4+ Memory T Cells during Acute HIV-1 Infection Is Linked to Rapid Disease Progression(2019-07-15) Jernej Pušnik; Michael A. Eller; Boonrat Tassaneetrithep; Bruce T. Schultz; Leigh Anne Eller; Sorachai Nitayaphan; Josphat Kosgei; Lucas Maganga; Hannah Kibuuka; Galit Alter; Nelson L. Michael; Merlin L. Robb; Hendrik Streeck; Makerere University; Kenya Medical Research Institute; Massachusetts General Hospital; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Thailand; HJF; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Universitäts Klinikum Essen und Medizinische Fakultät; MbeyaCopyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology. Acute HIV-1 infection is characterized by high viremia and massive depletion of CD4+ T cells throughout all tissue compartments. During this time the latent viral reservoir is established but the dynamics of memory CD4+ T cell subset development, their infectability and influence on disease progression during acute HIV-1 infection has not been carefully described. We therefore investigated the dynamics of CD4+ T cell memory populations in the RV217 (ECHO) cohort during the acute phase of infection. Interestingly, while we found only small changes in central or effector memory compartments, we observed a profound expansion of stem cell-like memory CD4+ T cells (SCM) (2.7-fold; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the HIV-1 integration and replication preferentially take place in highly differentiated CD4+ T cells such as transitional memory (TM) and effector memory (EM) CD4+ T cells, while naive and less mature memory cells prove to be more resistant. Despite the relatively low frequency of productively infected SCM, we suggest that their quiescent phenotype, increased susceptibility to HIV-1 integration compared to naive cells and extensive expansion make them one of the key players in establishment and persistence of the HIV-1 reservoir. Moreover, the expansion of SCM in acute HIV-1 infection was a result of Fas upregulation on the surface of naive CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, the upregulation of Fas receptor and expansion of SCM in acute HIV-1 infection was associated with the early viral set point and disease progression (rho = 0.47, P = 0.02, and rho = 0.42, P = 0.041, respectively). Taken together, our data demonstrate an expansion of SCM during early acute HIV-1 infection which is associated with disease outcome.IMPORTANCE Understanding the immunopathology of acute HIV-1 infection will help to develop eradication strategies. We demonstrate here that a CD4+ T cell memory subset expands during acute HIV-1 infection, which is associated with disease progression.Publication Metadata only Turn-on fluorescent sensor for the detection of lipopolysaccharides based on a novel bispyrenyl terephtalaldehyde-bis-guanylhydrazone(2019-01-01) Kriangsak Khownium; Jariya Romsaiyud; Suparerk Borwornpinyo; Preedajit Wongkrasant; Pawin Pongkorpsakol; Chatchai Muanprasat; Bundet Boekfa; Tirayut Vilaivan; Somsak Ruchirawat; Jumras Limtrakul; Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus; Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology; Chulalongkorn University; Ramkhamhaeng University; Chulabhorn Research Institute; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang; Mahidol University© 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. A novel bispyrene compound (BPTG) was developed as a selective lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensor. The BPTG probe exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward LPS with a fluorescence 'off-on' behavior in HEPES-buffered DMSO-H2O (1:6 (v/v), HEPES = 10 mM, pH = 7.4) with a low detection limit of 5 nM. The turn-on flurescence sensing of the LPS occurred through monomer and excimer emissions. The mechanism of the probe was supported by computational experiments and was found to be unique for its sandwich conformation and self-quenching ability at ground state prior to the binding to the LPS with a butterfly-like skeleton. Upon binding with LPS in an aqueous medium, the probe showed a dose-dependent increase in fluorescent emissions and exhibited a typical excimer emission peak at 485 nm along with a monomer emission peak at 375 nm. BPTG is highly selective for LPS over heparin and other anionic biological species. Due to the expression of LPS on the cell surface of Gram negative bacteria, BPTG was successfully applied as a fluorescent dye to visualize live Vibrio cholerae, which are life-threatening bacteria causing diarrhoeal disease.Publication Metadata only Association of XPO1 overexpression with NF-κB and Ki67 in colorectal cancer(2019-01-01) Mohammed Aladhraei; Prasit Suwannalert; Abdulla Kassem Al-Thobhani; Naravat Poungvarin; Sana'a University; Mahidol University; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2019, Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention. Objectives: Exportin 1(XPO1), a nuclear exporter protein, has been gaining recognition in cancer progression and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the overexpression of XPO1 with NF-κB, Ki67 and clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue samples and to explore the anti-proliferative effect of KPT-330, as XPO1 inhibitor, in colorectal cancer cell line. Methods: Forty CRC tissue samples were analyzed by immunostaining for the expressions of XPO1, NF-κB and Ki67 and then the anti-proliferative effect of the KPT-330 was also evaluated in HT29 colorectal cancer cell line. Results: XPO1 overexpression was observed in 52.5% of CRC and significantly apparent with strong intensity in tumor cells compared to the normal adjacent epithelium (P<0.001). Regarding to the histopathological characteristics, the XPO1 overexpression significantly associated with advanced tumor stages (P=0.049) and has great tendency towards moderate/poorly differentiated tumors. Although the XPO1 overexpression was strongly associated with high Ki67 expression (P=0.001), only Ki67 expression showed significant association with tumor size (P=0.012). No significant association was detected between the XPO1 overexpression and NF-κB, while the NF-κB positive expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and Ki67 expression at P=0.027 and P= 0.007, respectively. The in vitro experiments showed a great impact of KPT-330, as XPO1 inhibitor, to inhibit cancer growth in dose and time dependent manner and significantly diminished the colony formation (P<0.001) of HT29 cells- associated with the expression of Ki67 (P<0.001). Conclusion: XPO1 overexpression and NF-κB expression may serve as potential biomarker associated with CRC pathogenesis and proliferation, while the KPT-330 is effectively inhibited-colon cancer growth in vitro. Further studies considering the prognostication role of XPO1 overexpression in CRC are required.Publication Metadata only Genomic analysis of Leptospira interrogans serovar Paidjan and Dadas isolates from carrier dogs and comparative genomic analysis to detect genes under positive selection(2019-03-04) Alongkorn Kurilung; Chantisa Keeratipusana; Prapat Suriyaphol; David J. Hampson; Nuvee Prapasarakul; Chulalongkorn University; City University of Hong Kong; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2019 The Author(s). Background: Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease worldwide that can cause high morbidity and mortality rates in humans and animals. The causative spirochetes have reservoirs in mammalian hosts, but there has been limited analysis of the genomes of isolates recovered from animals. The aims of this study were to characterize genomic features of two Leptospira interrogans strains recently isolated from asymptomatic dogs in Thailand (strains CUDO5 and CDUO8), and to perform comparative genome analyses with other strains. Molecular adaptive evolution in L. interrogans as signaled by positive selection also was analyzed. Results: Whole genome sequence analysis revealed that strains CUDO5 and CUDO8 had genome sizes of approximately 4.9 Mbp with 35.1% GC contents. Using monoclonal antibodies, strains CUDO5 and CUDO8 were identified as serovars Paidjan and Dadas, respectively. These strains harbored genes known to be associated with acute and chronic infections. Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms phylogeny (SNPs) with 97 L. interrogans strains, CUDO5 and CUDO8 had closest genetic relatedness with each other. Nevertheless, the serovar determinant region (rfb locus) showed variations in the genes encoding sugar biosynthesis. Amongst 13 representative L. interrogans strains examined for molecular adaptive evolution through positive selection under the site-model of Phylogenetic Analysis of Maximum Likelihood, genes responsible for iron acquisition (tlyA and hbpA), motility (fliN2, flgK, and flhB) and thermal adaptation (lpxD1) were under increased selective pressure. Conclusions: L. interrogans serovar Paidjan strain CUDO5 and serovar Dadas strain CUDO8 had close genetic relatedness as analyzed by SNPs phylogeny. They contained genes with established roles in acute and chronic leptospirosis. The rfb locus in both serovars showed gene variation associated with sugar biosynthesis. Positive selection analysis indicated that genes encoding factors involved in motility, temperature adaptation, and iron acquisition were under strong positive selection in L. interrogans. These may be associated with adaptation in the early stages of infection.Publication Metadata only Cardiometabolic risk factors in Thai individuals with prediabetes treated in a high-risk, prevention clinic: Unexpected relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycemia in men(2019-05-01) Weerachai Srivanichakorn; Ian F. Godsland; Chaiwat Washirasaksiri; Pochamana Phisalprapa; Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya; Pornpoj Pramyothin; Tullaya Sitasuwan; Lukana Preechasuk; Robert Elkeles; K. George MM Alberti; Desmond G. Johnston; Nick S. Oliver; Imperial College London; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd Aims/Introduction: Relationships between cardiometabolic risk and glycemia have rarely been studied in people under clinical evaluation and treatment for cardiometabolic risk and with prediabetes. We investigated relationships between glycemia and cardiometabolic risk factors in clinic participants with prediabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data collected at a center in Thailand. Clinic attendees were at high risk of diabetes or cardiovascular disease, with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 39–<48 mmol/mol or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.6–<7.0 mmol/L. The relationships between glycemia and cardiometabolic risk factors were explored. Results: Of 357 participants, two or more insulin resistance-related metabolic disturbances were present in 84%; 61% took a statin and 75% an antihypertensive agent. Independently of age, sex, adiposity, medication use, possible non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sex–glycemia interaction, neither FPG nor HbA1c were associated with variation in any other cardiometabolic risk factors. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased with HbA1c in women (female–HbA1c interaction, P = 0.03) but, unexpectedly, increased with FPG in men (male–FPG interaction, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Overall, in Thai people treated for high cardiometabolic risk and with prediabetes defined by FPG and/or HbA1c, neither FPG nor HbA1c were associated with other cardiometabolic risk factors. However, according to sex, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed the expected relationship with glycemia in women, but the reverse in men.Publication Metadata only Husband’s international migration: Decision-making autonomy among left-behind wives in rural area of central Myanmar(2019-10-24) Win Win Shwe; Aree Jampaklay; Aphichat Chamratrithirong; Suchada Thaweesit; Mahidol University© 2019, Win Win Shwe, Aree Jampaklay, Aphichat Chamratrithirong and Suchada Thaweesit. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand the effects of the husband’s migration on wives’ decision-making autonomy. Design/methodology/approach: The study setting is Magway Region of central Myanmar where poverty has driven adult males to migrate overseas. The study hypothesizes that the absence of husbands due to international migration leads to changes in the roles and decision-making power of left-behind wives. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 22 villages of Pakkoku district, Magway Region, using the multi-stage random sampling method. The study sample included 205 migrant’s wives and 196 non-migrant’s wives. Findings: The international migration of husbands has a strong and positive impact on left-behind wives’ autonomy independent of individual characteristics and household social and economic status. In addition, the findings show that the number of children and household wealth are positively associated with women’s autonomy, whereas household size shows a negative association. Research limitations/implications: It is possible that there will be unmeasured selection factors such as unsuccessful migration as it might influence both husbands’ migration status and women’s autonomy. Cross-sectional data also invite a question about the causal relationship. For example, it might be possible that women with high autonomy may be more likely to encourage their husband to work abroad. So, the relationship might be the other way around. A further longitudinal study is also needed to describe detail explanation about the causal influence of left-behind women’s autonomy. Originality/value: Successful international migration has a impact not only on women’s autonomy but also on household economic status in central rural Myanmar.