Scopus 1969-1990
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Publication Metadata only Constituents of boesenbevgia sp. isolation and crystal structure of crotepoxide ([lr-(lα,2α,4α,5β,6α,7α)]-4-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]- 3,8-dioxatricyclo[5,1,0,02,4]octane-5,6-diyl diacetate)(1984-01-01) Orasa Pancharoen; Vincent A. Patrick; Vichai Reutrakul; Pittaya Tuntiwachwuttikul; Allan H. White; Mahidol University; University of Western Australia; Thailand Ministry of Public HealthThe crystal structure of crotepoxide, isolated from the rhizomes of Boesenbergia sp., has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods at 295 K, being refined to a residual of 0. 059 for 682 independent 'observed' reflections. Crystals are orthorhombic, P212121, a 23.53(2), b 10.59(1), c, 6.99(1) Å, Z 4. © 1984 ASEG.Publication Metadata only Toxic effect of local Thai anthelminthic (Maklua). Case report(1981-12-01) S. Chotibutr; S. Rasmidatta; T. Lawtiantong; C. Kanchanaranya; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Trace elements in thai breast milk and infant formulas(1985-06-01) Pipop Jirapinyo; Prapa Pringsulaka; Sompool Kritalugsana; Wirapong Chatranon; Burana Chavalittamrong; Mahidol University; Department of PediatricsA total of 150 breast milk samples obtained from Thai mothers of preterm and full-term infants, during the 7th to 28th day of lactation, and 60 samples of infant formulas obtained from local markets were analyzed for zinc, copper and chromium concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean zinc concentration of breast milk and infant formulas were 1.9 mg/l and 2.9 mg/l respectively. The copper concentrations in breast milk and infant formulas were approximately 0.4 mg/l. The chromium concentrations were 0.08 mg/l and 0.07 mg/l from milk of mothers of full-term and preterm infants respectively, while the chromium concentration of infant formulas was only 0.05 mg/l. This study indicates that the zinc and copper content of the infant formulas are not sufficient as daily requirement for the infant's growth. © 1985 Oxford University Press.Publication Metadata only Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?(1984-01-01) Jim Moore; Rauf Ali; Harvard University; Mahidol UniversitySex differences in dispersal and inter-group transfer by birds and mammals are often considered to be evolved responses to the phenomenon of inbreeding depression. This belief is derived from 'natural selection logic', which holds that (1) because inbreeding depression is demonstrably costly, selection must have acted to minimize its occurrence, and (2) as sex differences in dispersal often appear to be the only thing preventing inbreeding, these sex differences must be the expected adaptations for avoiding inbreeding depression. However, although the sex differences in median dispersal distance observed among many small mammals and birds may reduce average levels of inbreeding within a population, they nevertheless leave the majority of individuals 'at risk' for inbreeding; such differences can be responses to inbreeding depression only in a group selection model. Furthermore, natal dispersal by both sexes occurs in many group-living species. In these species, emigration by individuals of one sex cannot easily be attributed to avoiding inbreeding because opposite-sex relatives also emigrate. Though most authors acknowledge that sexual dispersal patterns may be epiphenomenal consequences of other factors (e.g. intrasexual aggression), this point is rarely considered further. In this paper we critically review several frequently cited examples of differential dispersal, and conclude that 'other factors', such as intrasexual competition and territory choice, explain these observations more completely and consistently than does the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis. Observed dispersal patterns simply reflect sex differences in the balance between the advantages of philopatry and the costs of intrasexual competition. © 1984.Publication Metadata only Karyotype differentiation of three anopheline taxa in the balabacensis complex of Southeast Asia (Diptera: Culicidae)(1981-12-01) V. Baimai; B. A. Harrison; L. Somehit; Mahidol University; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, San Francisco;Cytological studies of the mitotic and meiotic karyotypes and the polytene salivary chromosomes of Anopheles dirus, An. takasagoensis and An. balabacensis (Perlis form), have revealed significant differences in the sex chromosomes. These differences are largely due to the position of the centromere and different amounts of constitutive heterochromatin and euchromatin. The chromosomal data suggest that An. dirus and An. takasagoensis are more closely related to each other than either is to An. balabacensis (Perlis form). The karyological differences are very useful in differentiating these taxa, particularly the Perlis form, and lend support for their species status. © 1981 Dr W. Junk Publishers.Publication Metadata only Effects of hormonal contraceptives on milk volume and infant growth. WHO Special Programme of Research and Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction(1984-01-01) M. Tankeyoon; N. Dusitsin; Sopon Chalapati; Suporn Koetsawang; S. Saibiang; M. Sas; J. J. Gellen; O. Ayeni; R. Gray; A. Pinol; L. Zegers; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine; Organisation Mondiale de la SanteWHO conducted a three-centre study in Hungary and Thailand to evaluate the effects of hormonal contraception on lactation and infant growth. Women choosing oral contraceptives were randomly assigned to a combined oral contraceptive containing 30ug ethinyl estradiol and 150ug levonorgestrel (N=86) or a progestin-only preparation containing 75ug dl-norgestrel (N=85). Identical packaging and treatment schedules allowed double-blind observation. One-hundred-and-eleven women using no contraception or non-hormonal methods acted as controls. In the two Thai centres 59 women using depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate formed an additional comparison group. All subjects were healthy women with normal deliveries, whose infants had normal birth weights and satisfactory growth in the neonatal period. Breast milk volume was determined by pump expression using standardized procedures. Information was obtained on nursing frequency and supplementation, infant growth and morbidity. Pretreatment observations at 6 weeks post-partum were used as a baseline, and subjects were followed-up at 9, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks post-partum. Women using combined oral contraceptives had a decline in milk volume within 6 weeks of initiating treatment, whereas no significant decrease was observed in the other treatment groups. After 18 weeks of treatment, combined oral contraceptive users experienced a 41.9% decline in milk volume, compared to 12.0% with progestin-only minipills and 6.1% in the non-hormonal controls. The prevalence of complementary feeding and withdrawals due to inadequate milk supply were comparable in the four treatment groups. However, data were not available on the daily amounts of complementary feeds. There were no significant differences in growth of infants between treatment groups. Thus, women may have compensated for declines in milk volume by more supplementary feeding or by more prolonged and intense suckling episodes. We conclude that 30 ug estrogen-containing combined oral contraceptives impair milk secretion, but in the selected healthy group of mothers and children studied with the prevailing level of supplementary feeding, this did not adversely affect infant growth. © 1985.Publication Metadata only Phosphorylated secretory proteins from rat epididymis and their androgenic control(1984-01-01) S. Mongkolsirikieat; M. Chulavatnatol; Mahidol UniversitySlices of the rat epididymis were incubated with [32P]orthophosphate. Analysis of the radioactive proteins in the medium by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed 6-phosphorylated secretory proteins from the epididymis of adult rats: M(r) = 62,000; 66,000; 76,000; 68,000; 19,000 and 20,000. Studies of the epididymides of immature and 7-day-castrated adult rats indicated that these phosphorylated secretory proteins were controlled by androgens.Publication Metadata only Buddhist monks as community health workers in Thailand(1983-01-01) Sant Hathirat; Mahidol UniversityIn Thailand, Buddhist monks and temples are scattered throughout the country even in the rural poor. There are approximately one temple and four monks for every two villages of about 1000 people. If Buddhist monks are able to expand their roles to health care and education, Buddhist temples will automatically become community health posts and 'Health for All by The Year 2000' will be achieved within 5-10 years in Thailand. Therefore, a volunteer monk-training program has been carried out and about 2000 graduates have returned to their community to disseminate primary health care. However, a systematic and 'industrialized' approach is necessary to get some visible impact on the health of the rural Thai population. © 1983.Publication Metadata only Closure of intrahepatic hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula. Review and case report(1981-01-01) N. Vaeusorn; J. Viranuvatti; N. Jaroonvesama; K. Charoenlarp; Mahidol UniversityAn intrahepatic hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula was discovered incidentally at the time of visceral angiography in a hypertensive patient. The patient had had a blunt abdominal trauma 7 years prior to her present hospitalization. No bruit or thrill was found on her abdomen. There was no clinical evidence of portal hypertension. Selective celiac angiography performed 44 days later showed that the arteriovenous fistula had closed. Previous reports of this anomaly are reviewed.Publication Metadata only Renal tubular acidosis with simultaneous lactic and keto acidoses: Unusual manifestations of acute myelomonoblastic leukemia(1982-09-10) S. Phanichphant; V. Atichartakarn; P. Nitiyanant; V. Tanphaichitr; T. Supasiti; Mahidol UniversityA 16 year-old male with severe metabolic acidosis required huge doses of sodium bicarbonate to alleviate his symptoms. Subsequent investigation showed that his bone marrow and kidneys were infiltrated with myelomonoblasts. His clinical course showed a temporal relationship between acute myelomonoblastic leukemia and metabolic acidosis. The literature on various etiologies of metabolic acidosis is reviewed. This is probably the first documented case of acute leukemia with the simultaneous occurrence of renal tubular, lactic and ketoacidoses.Publication Metadata only A study of allergic factor in nasal polyp patients(1983-01-01) C. Bunnag; P. Pacharee; P. Vipulakom; C. Siriyananda; Mahidol UniversityVarious investigations for allergy were carried out on 57 nasal polyp patients. The majority of them (96.5%) showed positive responses to at least one of the methods used. The results suggest that allergy is a constant feature in the nasal polyp patients but that further investigation is needed before we can state that allergic manifestation contributes to polyp formation. It was also found in this study that 90% of the patients had definite pathological changes on their sinus x-rays. Sinus disease may be either predispose a patient to or result from nasal polyps.Publication Metadata only Studies on the transmission of schistosoma haematobium and the bionomics of bulinus (ph.) abyssinicus in the somali democratic republic(1981-01-01) E. S. Upatham; M. Koura; M. D. Ahmed; A. H. Awad; Mahidol University; Ministry of HealthStudies were carried out from April 1977 to November 1978 on the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium and on the bionomics of its intermediate snail host, Bulinus abyssinicus, in Koryole and Merca Districts, Somalia. In Koryole, snail populations and the numbers of infected snails on the east side of the Shebelli River exceeded those on the west side. The overall snail infection rate for Koryole was 1·;7% (69/4103). In Merca, snail populations and the numbers of infected snails were higher than in Koryole. The overall snail infection rate for Merca was 1·6% (152/9509). Snails and S. haematobium infections were found mainly in standing-water. Snails were unable to establish themselves in irrigation canals because the water in the canals was fast-flowing, there were no plants to provide food and substrate and the canals were allowed to dry out and to be dug out frequently, rendering them unsuitable as snail habitats. Also, snails were unable to aestivate and survive in dry mud for long periods. © 1981 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.Publication Metadata only Comparative effects of diabetogenic agents on hepatic drug metabolism(1982-01-01) K. Chawlit; P. Sretarugsa; A. Thithapandha; Mahidol UniversityChemical diabetes produced in male rats by treatment with alloxan (120 mg/kg, sc), 6-aminonicotinamide (35 mg/kg, ip), streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, ip) and N-methylacetamide (6.25 ml/kg, po) significantly prolonged hexobarbital sleeping time without affecting the awakening brain barbiturate level. Pharmacokinetic studies of aminopyrine in these diabetic animals also showed an increase in plasma half-life of the drug without any change in its volume of distribution. Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity from these rats was depressed although hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 content were unaffected. In contrast, not all of these four agents decreased the metabolism of aniline; in fact, aniline hydroxylase activity was increased by about 50% in animals treated with this dosage schedule of alloxan. In either case, however, insulin (20 units/kg, once daily for 2 days) could antagonize the chemically induced changes in liver and body weight, blood glucose, and activities of these drug-metabolizing enzymes. Glucose, insulin, and all four diabetogens had no direct effect on the drug-metabolizing enzymes in vitro. Further, this change (increase or decrease) in hepatic drug metabolism in these diabetic animals was found concurrently with a depletion of hepatic glycogen and a reduction in the circulating level of testosterone; hepatic glycogen content was reduced to approximately 30-50% of control whereas plasma testosterone concentration was reduced by about one-half. The reduction in testosterone level was not likely to be the cause for the decrease in hepatic drug metabolism, inasmuch as testosterone administration (12 mg/kg, sc, once daily for 2 days) could not restore the normal aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. Combination studies with microsomes and supernatant fractions from control and treated animals were consistent with the view that the locus of the effects of these diabetogens on hepatic drug metabolism is not cytosolic but is associated with a qualitative or quantitative change of the enzyme in the microsomal fraction itself. This possibility is also supported by the fact that sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis protein profiles exhibited by diabetic microsomes were different from that shown by normal microsomes.Publication Metadata only Effects of physico-chemical factors on the infection of mice with Schistosoma japonicum and S. mekongi cercariae(1984-01-01) E. S. Upatham; M. Kruatrachue; V. Khunborivan; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Morbidity in relation to intensity of infection in opisthorchiasis viverrini: Study of a community in Khon Kaen, Thailand(1982-01-01) E. S. Upatham; V. Viyanant; S. Kurathong; W. Y. Brockelman; A. Menaruchi; S. Saowakontha; C. Intarakhao; S. Vajrasthira; K. S. Warren; Mahidol UniversityA study of the prevalence and intensity of opisthorchiasis viverrini in relation to morbidity as determined by standard medical examination was carried out in Nong Ranya, a small village containing 309 people in northeastern Thailand. Opisthorchis viverrini infection as determined by Stoll's quantitative egg count method had an overall prevalence of 94% and reached 100% prevalence in most age groups above the age of 10 years. With respect to intensity, 6% were uninfected, 26% had light (≤ 1 eggs per mg [epmg] of feces), 37% moderate (>1-10 epmg), 25% heavy (>10-50 epmg), and 5% very heavy (>50 epmg) infections. Peak intensity in both males and females occurred at age 40 and above. A history of eating 'koipla' (a sauce consisting of ground raw fish), of feeling weak, and of having right upper quadrant abdominal pains occurred most frequently in the infected groups and was correlated with intensity of infection. Regardless of intensity of infection, only a small proportion of the population were unable to carry out their routine activities. Anorexia, nausea or vomiting bore little relationship to the presence or intensity of infection. Hepatomegaly at the midclavicular line occurred in 14% of the population, mainly in the more heavily infected groups. Neither jaundice nor splenomegaly was observed in the population.Publication Metadata only DNA‐binding specificity and RNA polymerase inhibitory activity of bis(aminoalkyl)anthraquinones and bis (methylthio) vinylquinolinium iodides(1982-01-01) William O. Foye; Opa Vajragupta; Sisir K. Sengupta; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Mahidol University; Boston Medical CenterThe determination of DNA‐binding specificities for a series of bis(methylthio)vinylquinolinium iodides and two bis(aminoalkyl)‐anthraquinones was accomplished by spectral analysis, equilibrium dialysis, elevation of melting temperature, and inhibition of DNA function as a template for Escherichia coli RNA‐polymerase transcription activity in vitro. Studies of complex formation were carried out by comparison of difference spectra of the compounds in the presence of native double‐stranded DNA and separated‐strand DNA. Base specificity of the interaction between DNA and the compounds was demonstrated for both series, particularly for the anthraquinones, for the guanine‐cytosine base pair. Comparison of the difference spectra of the compounds in the presence of DNA with varied base‐pair ratios showed a strong preference of the anthraquinones for the guanine‐cytosine base pair, but the quinolinium compounds showed no preference. The linear‐binding isotherm for the quinolinium compounds indicated one type of binding site, while two types of binding sites were apparent for the anthraquinones. Since only one anthraquinone was active in leukemia tests, factors other than DNA binding must account for the activity of the antileukemic derivative. Copyright © 1982 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley CompanyPublication Metadata only Skin disease: a public health problem(1985-01-01) A. Nondasuta; R. Kotrajaras; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Exogenous intraocular nocardiosis(1985-01-01) Y. W. Chiemchaisri; S. Imwidthaya; P. Parichatikanond; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Hypolipidaemic effect of xantinol nicotinate: A clinical trial(1983-12-01) B. Dhorranintra; P. Khunawat; B. N. Patalung; C. Prabhan; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Saline-jet catheter deflection. A useful technique in cerebral catheter angiography(1982-01-01) R. Somburanasin; Mahidol University