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Publication Metadata only Key problems in science and technology in Thailand(1985-01-01) Yongyuth Yuthavong; Chatri Sripaipan; Krissanapong Kirtikara; Atthakorn Glankwamdee; Kanchana Trakulku; Mahidol University; Chulalongkorn University; King Mongkut Institute of TechnologyScience and technology can make substantial contributions to socioeconomic development in Thailand. In order to promote such contributions, problem areas and specific problems of high priority need to be defined, and possible solutions outlined. Important criteria for selecting priority areas and key problems include relevance to development, the availability of human resources and the possibility of their development, the cutting-edge advantage to be gained by development, the possibility of international collaboration, and the possibility of integration with culture and environment. These criteria suggest in Thailand a focus on the development of bioscience and biotechnology, materials science, electronics, and information science.Publication Metadata only Food and nutrition monitoring system: An integration for health and socioeconomic development(1981-12-01) P. Migasena; Mahidol UniversityThe purpose of this paper is to stress the desirability of a new approach to nutrition in development planning and policy making and to indicate what in practice should be done. The emphasis is on procedures for the formulation and implementation of a Food and Nutrition Monitoring System as an integrated programme for health and socio-economic development, planning and policy making.Publication Metadata only Pure red cell aplasia in Thailand: Report of twenty four cases(1985-12-01) S. Jootar; T. Srichaikul; V. Atichartakarn; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Effect of effective-mass differences on high-injection currents in normal-metal-superconductor point contacts(1985-12-02) I. M. Tang; R. Hoonsawat; S. Yooyuanyong; Mahidol UniversityThe connection rules appropriate to interfaces between metals having different effective masses are used to obtain the transmission coefficient for the high-injection current flow in the superconducting point contact model proposed recently by Hahn. It is found that the transmission coefficient obtained here is very similar to that obtained by Hahn except that the dependence of the coefficient on the properties of the two metals and of the oxide layer is clearly shown. © 1985.Publication Metadata only Proximity effect sandwiches containing local spin fluctuations(1984-09-01) I. M. Tang; S. Roongkeadsakoon; Mahidol University; Silpakorn UniversityA proximity effect sandwich that contains local spin fluctuations in the normal layer is studied. The renormalization group approach is used to treat the Coulomb repulsion between the d electrons of opposite spins that are localized on the transition metal impurities present in the normal layer. The perturbations due to the tunneling of electrons from one layer to the other and the mixing of the normal-layer electrons with the impurity d electrons are treated using the standard Born approximation. A decrease of the transition temperature for both thin and thick, superconducting layers is obtained. It is found that there is a critical concentration at which the superconductivity in the thin superconducting layer can be quenched. For the thick-superconducting-layer sandwiches, no critical concentration is found. © 1984 Plenum Publishing Corporation.Publication Metadata only Susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus in Thai children and young adults(1985-12-01) U. Kositanont; C. Wasi; P. Oonsombat; V. Suvatte; P. Thongcharoen; Mahidol UniversityDuring 1982-1983, suceptibility to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in 224 Thai subjects at high risk for varicella infection was studied. The immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) and VZ skin test were carried out to determine VZV immunity in immunocompromised children and young adults. The history of varicella and herpes zoster from each subject was recorded. The mean ± SD age in children and young adults were 7.3 ± 2.8 and 19.6 ± 1.2. Negative IAHA test was found in 74.2% of 62 children and 35.2% of 162 young adults. The increase in immune individuals was demonstrated with advancing age. Response to VZ skin test showed positive results in 79 of 162 (48.8%) young adults. The seronegativity was related to the negative VZ skin test (p < 0.001, X2 test). Regardless of antibody detection or VZ skin test, 47 of 162 (29%) young adults were susceptible. According to the positive history of varicella and of herpes zoster obtained from 95 young adults, 80% had developed varicella during 1 to 10 years of age and 8.8% had positive history of herpes zoster. The findings suggest that the IAHA and VZ skin test should be used together for assessing VZ immunity. Varicella vaccination is highly recommended for susceptible persons who may develop severe illness.Publication Metadata only Molecular Structure of Human Seminal Coagulum: The Role of Disulfide Bonds(1983-01-01) N. CHAISTITVANICH; V. BOONSAENG; Mahidol UniversityMolekularstruktur des Sperma‐Koagulums. Die Rolle der Disulfid‐Banden Mittels der Natrium‐dodecyl‐Sulfat‐Polyacrylamid‐Platten‐Gel‐Elektrophorese in Gegenwart von 100 mM 2‐Mercapto‐Aethanol ergab sich im frisch ejakulierten Sperma beim Menschen das Vorhandensein von zwei größeren Protein‐Banden von 72 und 55 kd. Während der Verflüssigung des Samens verminderten sich diese beiden Banden zu zwei Niedermolekulargewicht‐Proteinen von 10–15 kd. Bei Fehlen von 2‐Mercapto‐Aethanol wurden größere Proteine wie solche von 243, 221 und 195 kd erhalten, die durch die Wirkung von Sulfhydryl‐Reduktions‐Agens in 72 und 55 kd Proteine umgewandelt werden konnten. Die Verflüssigung war in Gegenwart von 2‐Mercapto‐Aethanol verlängert. Diese Ergebnisse bedeuten, daß einer der Faktoren, der bei der Bildung des menschlichen Spermakoagulums beteiligt ist, eine Disulfid‐Verkettung zwischen den Proteinen von 72 und 55 kd darstellt. 1983 Blackwell Verlag GmbHPublication Metadata only Phenylbutanoids from Zingiber cassumunar(1981-01-01) Pittaya Tuntiwachwuttikul; Orasa Pancharoen; Thaworn Jaipetch; Vichai Reutrakul; Thailand Ministry of Public Health; Mahidol UniversityFive novel phenylbutanoids have been isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 2,4,5-trimethoxy-benzaldehyde are also reported from the same source. © 1981.Publication Metadata only Hypoxemia in thalassemia(1982-12-01) P. Wasi; S. Fucharoen; P. Youngchaiyud; D. Sonakul; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Rhabdomyosarcoma in Thai children(1985-12-01) P. Hathirat; S. Pipatanakul; L. Pochanugool; P. Nitiyanant; V. Muangman; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only T-cell subpopulations in tuberculosis and the effects of rifampicin(1985-12-01) A. Vidhidharm; P. Matangkasombut; S. Bovornkitti; Mahidol UniversityT-cell subpopulations were evaluated by several recent methods in 38 tuberculosis patients (24 active and 10 quiescent cases of pulmonary tuberculosis; two of miliary and two of active extra-pulmonary tuberculosis) before and during rifampicin (RMP) treatment. There was a significant reduction in the total number of T cells (E-RFC and OKT3+ cells) and of helper T cells (OKT4+) coinciding with an increase in the number of suppressor T cells when the 38 tuberculosis patients were compared with 21 healthy control subjects. When the changes of T-cell subpopulations in groups of subject and patients with different clinical forms of the disease were analysed, these changes could be clearly shown with both sets of assays (receptor assays and monoclonal antibody assays) among those with the active pulmonary form of tuberculosis while similar changes could be demonstrated only by one or the other assay among those with the other forms of the disease. The effects of one month of RMP treatment on these parameters were much more obvious among the clinically active patients than the quiescent patients, i.e. a recovery of total T cells from a low pre-treatment to a near normal level accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of suppressor cells (OKT8+). In fact, among quiescent patients the number of suppressor cells (as TG) appeared to rise further with RMP treatment.Publication Metadata only Concomitant inheritance of α‐thalassemia in β°‐thalassemia/hb e disease(1985-01-01) Pranee Winichagoon; Suthat Fucharoen; David Weatherall; Prawase Wasi; Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University; John Radcliffe Hospital; Mahidol UniversityConcomitant inheritance of α‐thalassemia in patients with β°‐thalassemia/hemoglobin (Hb) E disease was detected by restriction endonuclease DNA mapping. Among 42 patients with β°‐thalassemia/Hb E disease, seven were found to have an α‐thalassemia‐2 haplotype. Of these, five belonged to the rightward or 3.7‐kb type of α‐thalassemia‐2 and the remaining two the leftward or 4.2‐kb type. All the seven patients with α‐thalassemia‐2 haplotype had hemoglobin levels of 7.4 g/dl or above; those without detectable α‐thalassemia had hemoglobin levels both higher and lower than 7.4 g/dI. The latter attended the clinic regularly, the former did occasionally. These findings suggest that concomitant inheritance of α‐thalassemia can alleviate the severity of β°‐thalassemia/Hb E disease. Failure to find α‐thalassemia‐1 haplotype in these patients suggests that concomitant inheritance of α‐thalassemia‐1 with β°‐thalassemia/Hb E might lead to so mild a condition that the individuals do not present clinically. The fact that many patients without a detectable α‐thalassemia haplotype also had hemoglobin levels of 7.4 g/dl or higher suggests that there are additional factors responsible for the mildness of β°‐thalassemia/Hb E disease. Copyright © 1985 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley CompanyPublication Metadata only Structural differences between somatic H2B and testis-specific TH2B histones of the rat(1984-08-01) T. Yongvanich; J. Svasti; Mahidol UniversityTestis-specific histone TH2B from rat testis showed a very similar tryptic peptide map to somatic H2B from rat liver, indicating a common evolutionary origin. However, 5 peptide differences were detected between the 2 proteins, and the amino acid compositions of these distinctive peptides were determined. © 1984 Birkhäuser Verlag.Publication Metadata only Closure of intrahepatic hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula. Review and case report(1981-01-01) N. Vaeusorn; J. Viranuvatti; N. Jaroonvesama; K. Charoenlarp; Mahidol UniversityAn intrahepatic hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula was discovered incidentally at the time of visceral angiography in a hypertensive patient. The patient had had a blunt abdominal trauma 7 years prior to her present hospitalization. No bruit or thrill was found on her abdomen. There was no clinical evidence of portal hypertension. Selective celiac angiography performed 44 days later showed that the arteriovenous fistula had closed. Previous reports of this anomaly are reviewed.Publication Metadata only Comparative studies on thymidylate synthetase from P. berghei and mouse reticulocytes(1985-01-01) Sa Nga Pattanakitsakul; Adisorn Ratanaphan; Pintip Ruenwongsa; Mahidol University1. 1. Partially purified thymidylate synthetase from Plasmodium berghei and mouse reticulocytes was characterized. 2. 2. The mol. wt of the enzyme from P. berghei was about twice that from mouse reticulocytes. 3. 3. The optimum pH of the enzyme from P. berghei was found to be 6.5-7.5 while that from the host was 7.0-8.0. 4. 4. The enzyme from P. berghei was more susceptible to pH denaturation than the enzyme from reticulocytes. 5. 5. The enzyme from both sources differed in their Kmvalues for substrates. 6. 6. The enzyme from reticulocytes was less sensitive to inhibition by substrate analogs than that from P. berghei. © 1985.Publication Metadata only The cytotoxic effect of petroleum ether and chloroform extracts from ceylon cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum nees) barks on tumor cells in vitro(1984-01-01) M. U. Chulasiri; P. Picha; M. Rienkijkan; K. Preechanukool; Mahidol UniversityPetroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees) bark were studied for possible cytotoxic effect on KB and L1210 cell cultures. The median effective doses of the petroleum ether extract on KB and L1210 cells were 60 and 24 μg/ml, respectively, and of the chloroform extract were 58 and 20 μg/ml, respectively. © 1984 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.Publication Metadata only Reactions between phosphorylated thiamines and tannic acid as followed by difference spectroscopy(1981-12-01) B. Panijpan; S. Chetupon; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Comparative clinical evaluation of combiflex and indomethacin in traumatic diseases(1981-12-01) C. Chotigavanich; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Hemorrhagic tolerance of rats at sea level after acute exposure to high altitude(1983-12-01) P. Cherdrungsi; V. Verawatnapakul; Mahidol UniversityExposure of rats to a stimulated altitude of 5,000 m for 1 and 3 d caused increases in hematocrit (Hct) and in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and a decrease in total plasma volume (TPV) in comparison with sea level control animals. Total blood volume (TBV) was decreased after 1 d of exposure to altitude but returned to normal in 3 d of altitude exposure. The sea level hemorrhagic tolerance was measured in all animal groups by determining the bleeding volume which resulted in death following cannulation under anesthesia. This was recorded as a bleeding volume index (BVI), the total volume of blood lost per 100 g of body weight. The mean BVI decreased in 1-d altitude rats, but not in 3-d altitude rats. Changes in mean arterial blood pressure and Hct during bleeding were recovered. The decreased hemorrhagic tolerance was suggested to be due in part to a decreased TBV and to a loss in arterial blood pressure (BP) regulatory capability after severe hemorrhage. The results of the present study for acutely altitude-exposed rats are opposite to those of a previous study for chronically altitude-exposed rats in which BVI, TBV, and the ability for arterial BP regulation were increased.Publication Metadata only Clinical trial of danazol on the treatment of endometriosis(1983-01-01) Y. Anuman Rajadhon; K. Pimolpun; Mahidol University