Scopus 2022
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Item Metadata only Naturally Occurring Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified (PTCL-NOS) with Systemic Dissemination in a Beagle(2022-03-01) Nganthavee P.; Channgam P.; Kasantikul T.; Arya N.; Sirivisoot S.; Thaiwong T.; Millman Z.; Osathanon R.; Nganthavee P.; Mahidol UniversityA 6-year-old intact female Beagle dog presented with acute vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound showed abdominal lymphadenopathy, ascites and a hyperechoic mass within the pancreas. Thoracic radiographs and echocardiography revealed cardiomegaly with pericardial effusion. The dog died following rapid deterioration and a subsequent necropsy revealed a multilobulated white-to-tan mass within the pancreas, attaching to the omentum, stomach and left adrenal gland. The heart was enlarged and infiltrated by similar coalescing off-white irregular masses. Histologically, the masses consisted of infiltrative sheets of large T lymphocytes replacing the normal architecture of the heart along with the lymph nodes, pancreas, stomach, omentum, left adrenal gland, right ovary, heart, liver, gall bladder as well as the lungs and eyes. Based on histomorphology and immunophenotyping, this case was diagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) with systemic dissemination to unusual sites including the heart.Item Metadata only Breakfast Consumption Behavior among Secondary School Students in Bangkok(2022-01-01) Deejuthamanee R.; Moonrattana A.; Empremsilapa S.; Deejuthamanee R.; Mahidol UniversityThis descriptive research aimed to study breakfast consumption behavior among students in secondary education, Mathayom Suksa 1 and 4 (Grades 7 and 10) of two schools in Bangkok in the second semester of academic year 2018. The sample was obtained by convenience sampling, with the cooperation and agreement of parents. Data were obtained by administering student and parent questionnaires. General information about respondents, including breakfast consumption behavior among students, reasons for skipping breakfast, the average number of meals eaten per day, the variety of food that students chose for breakfast, the most consumed types of breakfast food, breakfast consumption behavior among parents, and breakfast preparation for students, were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Student breakfast consumption behavior was compared with demographic factors and the breakfast consumption behavior of parents by using the Chi-square test. 562 students were included: 358 (63.7%) from Mathayom Suksa 1 (Grade 7) and 204 (36.3%) from Mathayom Suksa 4 (Grade 10). 56% were female and 44% were male. 74.4% of students lived with their parents, 51.1% of the primary parents of the students were mothers, 28.7% of primary parents were government officers or state enterprise employees, 43.1% of the primary parents had a Bachelor’s degree, 29.5% had a family income ranging between 10,000-30,000 Baht/month, and 51.7% of students had 70-100 Baht/ day pocket money. 70.5% of students ate breakfast every day, 25.4% ate breakfast sometimes or were uncertain about it, and 4.1% skipped breakfast. 22.6% of students reported that they had no time for breakfast. Most students (75.1%) chose to eat rice topped with other food, or a single dish, for breakfast, and 56.3% ate a breakfast which was composed of different types of food consumed together. The following factors: student education level (p = 0.001), the family member who was living with the student (p = 0.043), parents’ education level (p < 0.001), family income (p < 0.001), bedtime (p < 0.001), parents’ breakfast consumption behavior, and breakfast preparation for students (p<0.001), were significantly correlated with the breakfast consumption behavior of students. The results of this study showed that most students consumed breakfast every day. However, almost one third of students consumed breakfast only on some days or did not eat breakfast at all. Skipping breakfast may have a negative impact on physical health, causing hunger due to the lack of sufficient nutrients in children’s brain and also have a long-term effect on learning efficiency. Therefore, the breakfast consumption behavior of students is very important. It is closely associated with parental factors, including family income, parental consumption behavior and breakfast preparation for students. Consequently, all health personnel should raise awareness and provide education about the importance of eating breakfast among adolescents, families and communities to promote breakfast consumption behavior. We recommend that health personnel point out the importance of breakfast and the negative effects that occur if students skip breakfast every day. Finally, promoting positive eating habits among secondary school students might make adolescents healthy and reach their full potential.Item Metadata only Internet Usage Behaviors in the New Normal Era among High School Students in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand(2022-09-01) Jantapad W.; Kittipichai W.; Thongworn S.; Yodmai K.; Jantapad W.; Mahidol UniversityThe situation of coronavirus disease 2019 has caused important measures, including social distancing to prevent the spread. The internet is an important communication channel for living in the new normal era especially for students who need to use the internet as a learning channel like an online classroom which may affect the health of students. This cross-sectional survey aimed to investigate internet usage behavior, and explore factors related to internet usage behaviors among high school students in Nakhon Sawan province, Thailand, through stratified-cluster random sampling. Data were collected from 409 students from grade 10-12 in academic year 2021. The inclusion criteria were both female and male students enrolled in selected high-schools, receipt of parental permission to participate in this study, and consent to complete an online questionnaire. The data obtained from the online questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, self-efficacy on internet usage, outcome expectations toward internet usage, and models for internet usage from friends and influencers. Data were analyzed by using an independent samples t-test, chi-square analysis, and descriptive statistics. This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee for Human Research, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University (COA.NO. MUPH 2022-010) on February 1, 2022. The results of the study found that 50.4% of students in the new normal era were using the internet at a high level, or more than 70 hours weekly. Average weekly internet use was 91.88 hours. Most of them used a smartphone to access the internet, used it from 8 to 12 pm, and used Facebook and Instagram. The internet access activities were studying and searching due to education and academic knowledge (98.7%) followed by watching television, clips, and movies, and listening to music online. The study indicated that factors associated with internet usage were sex, self-efficacy, and outcome expectation (p < 0.05). The findings demonstrated that males used the internet more than females, and most activities included playing online games, following net idols and celebrities, and admiring people, disseminating information, online shopping, reading news or electronic-books, and entertainment news updates. Regarding internal factors, self-efficacy on internet usage among high internet users had higher scores than in (1) watching live broadcasts, (2) watching television, movie clips, or listening to music online, and (3) online shopping (p < 0.05). For expectations for outcomes from internet usage, students with a high level of internet usage in the new normal era had higher mean scores than those with a normal level of internet usage in the new normal era in (1) watching live broadcasts, (2) playing online games either alone or in a team, and (3) watching television, movie clips or listening to music online (p < 0.05). Environmental factors including models from influencers on the internet, and students with a high level of internet usage in the new normal era had higher mean scores than those with a normal level of internet usage in the new normal era in (1) reading news or e-books and (2) calling and talking to friends, family members and close people (p < 0.05). According to the results, the study suggested that schools should provide training to students on rational internet usage by developing students' self-efficacy and expectations in internet usage, focusing on outcomes that enhance students' learning achievement.Item Metadata only Effect of a Personalized Cardiovascular Risk Score Report on Employee Smoking Behavior in a Private Hospital(2022-01-01) Wanitchatchawan W.; Tadadej C.; Pongpirul K.; Wanitchatchawan W.; Mahidol UniversitySmoking is a major cause of non-communicable diseases. The World Health Organization identified that 10% of cardiovascular diseases are attributable to smoking. Thailand 2019 statistics indicated that cardiovascular disease was the second leading cause of death in the Thai population. The death rate associated with cardiovascular disease was 33.90 per 100,000 population. In other words, not smoking is the best way to reduce the risk of developing heart disease and, in those who experience coronary heart disease, stopping smoking reduces the incidence of recurrence and death. Smoking cessation has been one of the Thai national strategies for tobacco control to decrease smoking prevalence since the last decade. Employee health is a crucial factor for organizational effectiveness. To promote employee health, the hospital that was the setting for this study provides a health checkup for their employees once a year. This conventional checkup report is sent to each employee. Previous studies have shown a correlation between the use of the cardiovascular risk score report and mortality and morbidity. However, there is no evidence of using the cardiovascular risk score report to motivate individuals to stop smoking. This research aimed to compare the effect of a personalized cardiovascular risk score report on employee smoking behavior in a private hospital located in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area. The study was a randomized controlled trial. The experimental and comparison groups consisted of 36 current smokers who were employed full-time at the hospital, and who voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 received the modified cardiovascular risk score, true cardiovascular risk score, and conventional checkup report. Group 2 received the true cardiovascular risk score and conventional checkup report. Group 3 received the conventional checkup report. The participants in each group received the allotted intervention during week 0, 4, 8 and 12. Data were collected using a questionnaire from January to April 2020. We used descriptive statistics, Fisher’s Exact test, one-way ANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA, GEE, Unpaired t-test, and McNemar Chi Square for data analysis. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 35.66 ± 10.54 years. 97.2% were males, 33.3% of them had graduated with a bachelor’s degree, and 55.6% had non-clinical indirect-care positions. Their average income was 25,341.18 ± 15,465.90 Baht per month. 72.2% of the participants were not addicted to nicotine. 66.7% had a low level of cardiovascular risk. Before the experiments were performed, the participants smoked 53.03 ± 47.88 cigarettes per week and 66.7% of the participants had no intention to quit smoking. There was no significant difference among the three groups at baseline (week 0). The results showed that different types of cardiovascular risk score report had no effect on smoking behavior (p = 0.91). In addition, cardiovascular risk score report had no effect on the intention to quit smoking in the intervention group. However, the number of cigarettes smoked per week in the intervention groups significantly decreased when compared to the comparison group (p < 0.05).Item Metadata only Effects of a Self-Management Nursing Support Program with Health Care Volunteers for Insulin Dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients(2022-09-01) Sanitkilang S.; Lagampan S.; Pichayapinyo P.; Sanitkilang S.; Mahidol UniversityType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem worldwide. This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effects of a self-management program among patients with Type 2 DM on self-management efficacy, food consumption behavior, and HbA1C concentration, by applying the self-management concept of Kanfer and Gaelick-Buys and social support from healthcare volunteers. The sample group was Type 2 DM patients treated with insulin injections in the primary care unit, Thepparat Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Systematic sampling of 25 people was used for obtaining the experimental group and the comparison group. The experimental group was encouraged to perform self-management by nurses and support from healthcare volunteers for 12 weeks. The program consisted of the self-management of blood sugar levels three times and was visited by healthcare volunteers every 3 days a week. Data were collected by interview questionnaire before and after the intervention at week 8 and week 12. HbA1C was also measured before and after the intervention at week 12. This research was approved by the Ethical Committee for Human Research of the Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Thailand (MUPH 2021-080). The results showed that after the intervention in the 8th and 12th week, the experimental group was statistically significantly higher in self-efficacy (M8th 26.64 ± 2.25; M12th 38.68 ± 2.39) and consumption behavior scores (M8th 24.52 ± 2.22; M12th 35.00 ± 3.07) than before the intervention (M pre 22.52 ± 4.13; Mpre 21.12 ± 2.19, respectively) and it was better than the comparison group (p < 0.05). After the intervention in the 12th week, the experimental group had a statistically significant decrease in HbA1C (M12th 9.28 ± 1.07) than before the intervention (Mpre 10.19 ± 2.53) and lower than the comparison group (p < 0.05). This finding suggested that community nurse practitioners or nurses at Diabetes C l i n i c s can apply this program to enhance insulin-dependent Type 2 DM patients to perform self-management and educate healthcare volunteers to support them while patients stay in the community.Item Metadata only Estimation of Reproduction Number of COVID-19 Spread Patterns in Thailand(2022-09-01) Jansarikit L.; Yaikwawong M.; Jansarikit L.; Mahidol UniversityCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome– coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was declared as a pandemic. The purpose of this study was to estimation the reproduction number of COVID-19 Spread Patterns by using the data from 22 January to 30 June 2020. We applied the exponential growth rate to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0) according to the status of lockdown. The exponential growth model results during lockdown period indicate the basic reproduction number is 0.58 (95% CI: 0.55-0.60), whereas the basic reproduction number is 0.98 during easing of lockdown. The highest value of the basic reproduction number is 2.48 (95% CI: 2.21-2.77) during pre-lockdown phase II. The reduction of basic reproduction numbers (R0). suggested that timely implementation of control measures. The estimation of reproduction numbers could be used to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures and also used as a guide for public health policymakers for future COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, with COVID-19 cases still present in Thailand, an estimation of basic reproduction number (R0) would be helpful for continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of the current public health policies implemented in Thailand.Item Metadata only Health Promoting Factors at the Household Level, Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand: Comparison of Municipal and Non-Municipal Areas(2022-09-01) Silawan T.; Ponsen K.; Saengsawang P.; Ouaysawat M.; Wongrattanadilok T.; Silawan T.; Mahidol UniversityPersonal health is influenced and related to health promoting factors at the upper levels, in particular household level which varies by area of residence. Differences in area of residence in terms of physical, development, and community health improvement activities performed by the local authorities, involving organizations, and community result in differences in health promoting factors at the household level. This survey aimed to assess health promoting factors at the household level, comparing between municipal and non-municipal areas in Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The study variables covered holistic health promoting factors at the household level including social and environmental factors, sufficiency economy, and happiness. The samples were 217 households in municipal areas (114 households) and non-municipal areas (103 households) of Sung Noen District, recruited by simple random sampling. In each household, data were collected from representatives of households aged ≥18 years using an interview form. The interview form comprised of five parts: general data and illnesses of household members, social factors, environmental factors, sufficiency economy factors, and happiness factors. The overall and individual health promoting factors were interpreted by categorizing the total score into 3 levels as follows: households had high health promoting factors (80-100%), households had moderate health promoting factors (60-79%), and households had low health promoting factors (0-59%). Data were processed and analyzed by using EpiData version 3.10 and SPSS Statistics 18.0. The statistics used were percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviations, and t-tests. This research was conducted in accordance with human research ethics practice. The research project was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University [COA. No. MUPH 2018-168; Protocol No. 151/2561; Date of Approval 28 November 2018]. The results showed that 42.1% of households in municipal areas and 40.8% of households in non-municipal areas had 3-4 household members. Municipal households had more children and older-aged people than did non-municipal areas. Households in the municipalities had a higher number of household members suffering from chronic non-communicable diseases than those outside the municipalities (59.6% and 50.5%, respectively). Households in the municipal areas had health promoting factors at a high level as follows: environmental factors 85.1%, social factors 30.7%, sufficiency economy factors 24.6%, and happiness factors 7.0%. Households in non-municipal areas had health promoting factors at a high level in relation to the environmental factors (98.1%), social factors (76.7%), sufficiency economy factors (44.7%), and happiness factors (13.6%). Mean scores for household health promoting factors in non-municipal areas were significantly higher than those in municipal areas (p < 0.01) on overall, social, environmental, and sufficiency economy factors. There was no difference in happiness (p = 0.09). Under 60% of households in municipal areas had health promoting factors in terms of applying unused materials or building vegetable and fruit plots in the household, not buying underground lottery tickets regularly, having confidence or trust in the operation of the local authorities, trusting or accepting community leaders, making a household account, not buying luxury items, planning for more learning, and having enough income. Less than 60% of households in non-municipal areas had health promoting factors in terms of making a household account, having enough income, doing activities together with family members outside the house, and planning for more learning. The findings indicated that household-level factors which are conducive to good health should be promoted or brought about with a focus on sufficiency economy and happiness in both areas and on social aspects in municipal areas.Item Metadata only Socioeconomic Status and Health Condition of the Older Adult and Elderly Population in Thailand(2022-01-01) Chongthawonsatid S.; Chongthawonsatid S.; Mahidol UniversitySocioeconomic status (SES) related to health inequalities is assessed by education, employment, income, wealth, and social status. Low socioeconomic status is associated with excess morbidity and mortality. A deterioration in health that accompanies aging is a predictor of a decline in perceived socioeconomic status. SES has a significant impact on people’s physical health. Health status can be measured by an individual subjectively rating the perceptions of their health status. This research aimed to identify socioeconomic factors associated with health condition in the elderly, and to provide support for national policy makers who are responsible for developing financial strategies for an aging society, via financial and healthcare services and special systems assistance, to promote good health status in aging societies in the future. The elderly population surveys conducted by the National Statistical Office of Thailand use a stratified, two-stage, sampling procedure. There are 77 provinces in Thailand, each of which is defined as a block or stratum. Each stratum is separated into two parts according to the structure of the local administration, namely, municipal and non-municipal areas. These areas include individual households and are set as the primary-and secondary-sampling units, respectively. The elderly population surveys are population-based surveys that are systematically carried out by skilled interviewers. In 2017, they polled 39,992 people aged 50 years or older. Results showed that about 34.3% of the respondents did not have good health. 17.4% of respondents did not have any savings, and approximately four out of ten (43.5%) did not have adequate income. Multivariate modelling demonstrated that respondents aged 60 and above (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.52, p < 0.001), females (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.80, p < 0.001), separated, widowed, or divorced respondents (AOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.96, p = 0.008), and private sectors workers (AOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.89, p < 0.001) were less likely to have a good health condition. Respondents who had received education up to elementary level (AOR =1.20, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.33, p < 0.001), primary level (AOR =1.39, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.50, p < 0.001), secondary level (AOR =1.58, 95% CI = 1.39 to 1.79, p < 0.001), and bachelor’s degree level or higher (AOR =2.21, 95% CI = 1.89 to 2.58, p < 0.001) were more likely to have a good health condition. Respondents who were categorized in the middle wealth index (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.20, p = 0.001), high wealth index (AOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.15, p = 0.014), those who had income adequacy (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.86 to 2.03, p < 0.001), respondents with any savings (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.22, p < 0.001), and those who had social security (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.29, p = 0.010) were more likely to have a good health condition. The government should consider socioeconomic factors, especially education, income, and financial support to reduce the cost of living. In addition, campaigns should be conducted to encourage saving behaviors and a sufficiency economy among members of the low-income population. Investment in public healthcare services and facilities for the elderly, such as public nursing homes and home healthcare services, are also recommended.Item Metadata only Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation and Exercise on Body Composition and Biochemical Indices among Overweight and Obese Adults(2022-01-01) Wongraweekul A.; Hudthagosol C.; Sanporkha P.; Sapwarobol S.; Wongraweekul A.; Mahidol UniversityThis study aimed to determine the effects of whey protein supplementation (WPS) and exercise on body composition, lipid, glucose and renal function among overweight and obese individuals. A parallel-design comparison study was conducted among 80 overweight or obese adults. Subjects with similar characteristics were matched and randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 groups: control, exercise, WPS or WPS plus exercise group for 12 weeks. Two groups (1. WPS group and 2. WPS + exercise group) consumed 29g whey protein mixed in 300mL water 30 minutes before breakfast and dinner twice daily. The two groups which included exercise (1. exercise group and 2. WPS + exercise group) increased exercise 30 minutes daily, 5 days weekly. Body composition, lipids, glucose, and renal function were assessed at weeks 0, 6 and 12. Between-group mean changes in parameters after six and 12 weeks were assessed using one-way ANOVA. Time points were compared within groups using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Duncan post hoc comparison. 62 subjects completed the study. The WPS + exercise group exhibited significantly improved body composition, blood glucose and total cholesterol at 12 weeks compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid did not significantly differ in all groups. Supplementation using whey protein and exercise may improve body composition, plasma glucose and total cholesterol among overweight and obese adults. However, a decrease in dietary intake was observed in the intervention group that could have changed body composition. Consequently, the relationship between supplementation, exercise, dietary intake and body composition needs to be clarified in a future study.Item Metadata only Factors Influencing Husband’s Involvement during Antenatal Care in Lalitpur District of Nepal(2022-01-01) Singh S.; Powwattana A.; Munsawaengsub C.; Siri S.; Singh S.; Mahidol UniversityThis research aimed to identify the proportion of husbands involved during antenatal care (ANC) and factors influencing husband’s involvement during ANC in Lalitpur district of Nepal. A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst married men (n=284), who were aged 20 years and above and whose wives had experienced a live birth within one year before data collection. Univariate chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to identify associations and predictors respectively. The results indicated that 87.7% of the respondents were highly involved during ANC. After adjusting for confounding factors, the final model revealed that husband’s education (primary and secondary) (AOR: 12.592, 95% CI: 1.578-100.509 and AOR: 14.261, 95% CI: 1.771-114.839), wife’s education (AOR: 7.648, 95% CI: 1.191-49.122) and distance to the nearest ANC clinic (AOR: 7.643, 95% CI: 1.997-29.245) were significant predictors. Perceived low support from the female community health volunteers, and male-unfriendly ANC facilities and policies, are challenges with regards to active male involvement during ANC. Hence, providing education to individuals, strengthening the role of female community health volunteers, and establishing ANC facilities and related policies which accommodate males, could improve male involvement in ANC.Item Metadata only Electronic-Prescribing-System Protocol Development for Government Sector Outpatients and Private Drug Stores: Case Study in Kalasin Province, Thailand(2022-09-01) Watcharapinchai W.; Sillabutra J.; Soontornpipit P.; Chootrakool H.; Watcharapinchai W.; Mahidol UniversityThai hospitals are overcrowded, with patients spending half of their time waiting for medicines, resulting in increasing patient unhappiness and strain on staff, which leads to medication errors. So, the reducing overcrowding policy was launched to minimize overcrowding by using the e-prescribing system (EPS) that allows patients to obtain medicines at drug stores. However, the existing EPS does not give adequate operational assistance since the system does not cover all areas and there is insufficient financial support. Besides, the EPS does not facilitate information sharing. Therefore, our research objective was to develop an EPS protocol that allows for interoperability between drug stores and outpatients in a government hospital. For this, we utilized a case study in Kalasin province, Thailand. This design and development research was separated into four stages: review of Thailand's EPS, stakeholder analysis, system analysis and design, and system evaluation. Data were collected from 17 key stakeholders at a community hospital, a subdistrict health promoting hospital, and two drug stores in Kalasin province. The new EPS protocol allows patients to choose from a variety of health settings (all-tier hospitals, community health center, and drug stores) to obtain laboratory tests or refill medications anywhere and at convenient time based on their condition by modifying an appointment through a LINE official account named Morprom. Nevertheless, this protocol should be deployed in practice in the future with numerous settings in Thailand and a larger sample size.Item Metadata only Ageing Population and Health in Low-and Middle-Income Countries(2022-09-01) Rawal L.; Rawal L.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Applying the Protection Motivation Theory in Predicting Motivation for COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors among Thai People in Health Region 3(2022-09-01) Pratumwan P.; Vatanasomboon P.; Pekalee A.; Pratumwan P.; Mahidol UniversityA worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted both population health and socio-economic aspects. Thailand has strived against various waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, of which around 4 million total confirmed cases, and almost 30,000 deaths have been reported. The COVID-19 preventive behaviors, such as hand washing, mask-wearing, social distancing, and temperature testing have been recommended as effective measures for people to protect themselves from disease infection, and these have been required for persistent practice. However, the report on the practice of COVID-19 preventive behaviors among Thai people still revealed inadequate practices, indicating the need for communication intervention for changing behaviors. The protection motivation theory (PMT) is a psychosocial model of preventive health behavior which can be applied to explore factors mediating an individual’s protection motivation and overt preventive actions. Previous studies among Thai people on COVID-19 preventive behaviors applying the PMT and investigating its predictive efficacy are still very few. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the extent to which how well the factors based on the cognitive appraisal process of the PMT could predict the motivation for COVID-19 preventive behaviors. A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee for Human Research, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Thailand (MUPH 2021-106, October 11, 2021) and conducted between March and April 2022. A sample of 633 Thai people aged ≥15 years from the responsible area of Health Region 3, Thailand, were randomly selected using a multistage sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire that assessed its content validity and reliability was used for data collection. It consisted of two sections: personal characteristics, i.e., sex, age, marital status, education, income, residential area, and occupation. The PMT scale with a 5-point Likert scale, i.e., motivation for COVID-19 preventive behaviors (α = 0.82); the six constructs of cognitive appraisal process including perceived vulnerability (α = 0.83), perceived severity (α = 0.86,), perceived reward (α = 0.90), response efficacy (α = 0.72), self-efficacy (α = 0.73), and perceived response cost (α = 0.93). Multiple regression analysis, using enter method, was used to serve the study objective. A total of 628 respondents were finally analyzed. Most respondents were female (60.0%), married (62.9%), aged ≥40 years (63.5%), completed elementary and vocational levels of education (87.9%), had low income (46.2%), worked as an agriculturist and general employee (62.4%), and lived in the municipal area (62.4%). The mean score, as the total score ranged from 1 to 5, of factors regarding the motivation for COVID-19 preventive behaviors, perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived reward, response efficacy, self-efficacy, and perceived response cost were 4.37, 3.60, 3.68, 3.16, 4.30, 4.20 and 2.81, respectively. The regression of the motivation for the COVID-19 preventive behaviors on six factors of the PMT constructs account for 45% of the variance and was significant at the 0.001 level (F = 86.000, p < 0.001; adjusted R2 = 0.449). Among six factors of the PMT constructs except for the perceived reward, were determined as significant predictors. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor (β = 0.357, p < 0.01), followed by response efficacy (β = 0.273, p < 0.01), perceived vulnerability (β = 0.200, p < 0.01), perceived response cost (β =-0.179, p < 0.01), and perceived severity (β = 0.092, p < 0.05) respectively. The considerably moderate degree of prediction by six factors of the PMT constructs indicates a potential application of the PMT for understanding COVID-19 preventive behaviors, mediated by the protection motivation. The result additionally suggests that key messages of preventive communication should emphasize increasing self-efficacy, perceived response efficacy, and perceived vulnerability, as well as decreasing the perceived response cost of performing preventive behaviors. Further studies, however, need to be conducted in different settings and times.Item Metadata only Predictive Risk Area Modeling for Tuberculosis at the Provincial Level, Thailand(2022-05-01) Winyouvongsiri P.; Tipayamongkholgul M.; Tornee S.; Ekchariyawat P.; Winyouvongsiri P.; Mahidol UniversityTuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem globally and nationally. Although the Thai Ministry of Public Health has strengthened the National TB Control Program nationwide, the magnitude of the TB burden varies across the country. Identifying the high-risk areas of TB is crucial for public health prevention and control planning. A predictive model has been widely used in disease surveillance by identifying high-risk areas. Studies in Asia and western countries have found associations between the high prevalence TB and areas which are highly populated or have a high prevalence of diabetes, and people living with HIV (PLWH). However, these findings are inconclusive. This study aimed to determine factors associated with province-specific TB notification rate and develop scoring for assessing TB risk areas at the provincial level. An ecological study was conducted and used data at the provincial level of Thailand as a unit of analysis. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University (MUPH 2021/51). Data from 76 provinces of Thailand (except Bangkok) were retrieved from the Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Public Health including the number of people aged 40 years or more, those younger than 5 years, percentage of the population living in urban areas, percentage of the population under the poverty line, number of low-income communities, average number of household members, prevalence of PLWH, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoking prevalence, prevalence of alcohol consumption, and TB notification rates. Data were analyzed by percentage, median and interquartile, and negative binomial regression was used to develop risk models. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Forward negative binomial regression was used to identify associated factors and to develop risk score. Data from 2017 to 2019 were used to develop the model, and it was verified by data from 2020. Factors with p < 0.10 were hierarchically selected into a forward model. The optimal model was considered to be a model with a lesser value of the Bayesian information criterion. Then relative risks of the optimal model were used to develop scores for TB risk area. Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the performance of the optimal model and risk score by checking the correlation between estimated province-specific TB notification rate and observed province-specific TB notification rate during 2017-2019. Finally, the risk scores for the year 2020 were calculated and used to predict TB notification rate in 2020. The predicted province-specific TB notification rate was validated with the observed province-specific TB notification rate in 2020 by Pearson’s correlation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient > 0.8 was accepted. The findings showed associations between the proportion of the population aged over 40 years, number of low-income communities, prevalence of PLWH, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, prevalence of COPD and province-specific notification rate of TB. The risk factors in the optimal model were used to develop score for TB risk area by using a weighted score method. The risk scores were used to estimate province-specific TB notification rate during 2017-2019 and the model’s performance was validated with observed data in the same year. The consistency yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.908. We used risk score of the year 2020 to predict expected province-specific TB notification rate in 2020 and validated it with observed data in the same year and found high consistency between expected and observed province-specific TB notification rate, Pearson’s correlation = 0.895. A high-risk area of TB comprises areas having low-income communities, prevalence of PLWH more than 650 per 100,000, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus more than 5,000 per 100,000. The present study provided useful information for a provincial health officer to perform a TB risk assessment in order to strengthen TB surveillance, prevention, and control and to allocate resources to operate an optimal TB plan.Item Metadata only Clinical characteristics, antimicrobial resistance and treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli infection in dogs and cats at a veterinary teaching hospital in Thailand(2022-01-01) Soonthornsit J.; Apiratwarrasakul S.; Phumthanakorn N.; Soonthornsit J.; Mahidol UniversityThis retrospective study investigated the clinical characteristics of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and its antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and analyzed the treatment outcomes of MDR E. coli infection in dogs and cats. The medical data of dogs and cats diagnosed in 2020 with E. coli infection at a veterinary teaching hospital were analyzed. Of 94 cases, the frequency of MDR E. coli (66%) infection was higher than that of non-MDR E. coli (34%). MDR E. coli was significantly more frequently detected in female dogs than non-MDR E. coli (P < 0.026). The most frequent MDR E. coli isolation sites were the urinary tract in dogs and skin wounds in cats. MDR E. coli isolates from dogs were highly resistant to ampicillin (96.1%), enrofloxacin (80.4%) and tetracycline (78.4%). Resistance to ampicillin (100%), enrofloxacin (90.9%), marbofloxacin (72.7%) and tetracycline (72.7%) occurred frequently in MDR E. coli isolates from cats. Low resistance to amikacin was detected in the MDR E. coli isolates from dogs and cats. The rates of clinical cure and non-clinical cure of the MDR E. coli and non-MDR E. coli cases were not significantly different. The duration of antimicrobial treatment for MDR E. coli was significantly longer in cats (12.6 ± 5.85 days) than in non-MDR E. coli cases (7 ± 0 days) (P < 0.048). Adjunctive therapy was prescribed more frequently in MDR E. coli (20%) than non-MDR E. coli cases (8.3%). The presence of MDR E. coli was high in this study. High resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs and treatment complications was observed in this study.Item Metadata only Modern veterinary medicine of the Siamese government during the reign of King Chulalongkorn(2022-12-01) Boontanondha T.; Boontanondha T.; Mahidol UniversityAfter signing the Bowring Treaty in the reign of King Mongkut, rice became the most significant export of Siam. At the same time, the demand for rice rapidly increased in foreign countries. Therefore, the Siamese government expanded the cultivated area by constructing more canals. However, expanding the cultivated area was not the only factor needed to increase the agricultural product. Decreasing the mortality rate of food-producing animals, including cattle, buffaloes, pigs and sheep, was another factor contributing to the increase of agriculture products. Therefore, during the reign of King Chulalongkorn, which was the age that Siam received knowledge and technology from the West, the Government decided to hire Western veterinarians to serve the government. Simultaneously, a school of veterinary medicine was established for training Thai veterinarians. After that, the knowledge of veterinary science was used to prevent and control epidemics in animals through animal quarantine and vaccination. Furthermore, the influence of the West on animal welfare also encouraged the government to enact laws relating to animal welfare of livestock that would be sent to foreign countries.Item Metadata only Japanese mother of pearl inlay in Thailand: The Art relationship from the port city “Nagasaki”(2022-01-01) Honghengseng K.; Honghengseng K.; Mahidol UniversityAt the present time, almost all of the Japanese mother of pearl inlay, or “raden”, found in Thailand is from Nagasaki, a port city on Kyushu island, a center of economic and maritime trade routes. The maritime trade under royal patronage was a key factor in the art relationship between Thailand and Japan. The kings of Thailand who had a passion for East Asian art, especially Chinese and Japanese art, were King Rama III and King Rama IV, both of whom ordered Japanese mother of pearl inlay to decorated temples and royal articles of use, including 1) mother of pearl inlay on windows and doors of Ratchapradit Sathitmahasimaram Temple, Bangkok; 2) mother of pearl inlay on windows and doors of Nang Chi Worawihan Temple, Bangkok; 3) mother of pearl inlay on a Late Edo period chair in the Pramot Mahaisawan Throne Hall, Phra Nakhon Khiri National Museum, Phetchaburi Province; 4) mother of pearl inlay on a partition of the Wehart Chamrun residential hall of Bang Pa-In Royal Palace, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province; 5) mother of pearl inlay on a cigarette cylinder box of Wat Niwet Thammaprewat Temple, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province; 6) mother of pearl inlay on a pair of long covered plates used to protect palm leaf manuscripts in the National Library, Bangkok; 7) mother of pearl inlay on a round case in the National Museum, Bangkok; and 8) His Royal Majesty’s ship, Maeklong, which built at the Uraga shipyard, Yokosuka, Japan. There is a difference in terms of materials use in Thai and Japanese mother of pearl inlay. For Japanese articles, the lacquer is Urushiol, similar to that used in Korea and China. However, for articles made in Thailand, the lacquer is Thitsiol, similar to that used in Myanmar. Moreover, Japanese articles always use pearl oyster and abalone that is more shimmering, but Thai articles often use pearl oyster, nile top shell and conch. In addition, the technical tools Japanese craftsman use for “makie”, or sprinkled gold and silver metal powder, is made of a bamboo tube, paintbrush, metal spoon and tool for knocking out the metal dusk. With respect to techniques, Nagasaki mother-of-pearl inlay typically uses a thin shell, although in some cases Japanese and Thai mother of pearl inlay are similar in the use of a thick shell inlay technique. Finally, Japanese mother-of-pearl inlay always uses natural motifs, such as flora, trees, birds, viewpoints and people’s way of life. On the other hand, Thai motifs are in fluenced by Thai literature, Buddhism and the royal institution.Item Metadata only Toward Understanding Neurodegeneration Using Brain Organoids(2022-01-01) Wongtrakoongate P.; Pakiranay C.; Kitiyanant N.; Wongtrakoongate P.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: With the advancement of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), several brain regions have been modelled through brain organoids that resemble their in vivo counterparts of the human brain in terms of cellular heterogeneity and gene expression. The models can be used for molecular pathogenesis studies of neurodegenerative diseases and can be combined with many recent technologies such as optogenetics, CRISPR/cas9, patch-clamp, or on-a-chip system to create more precise models of brain development and diseases. Moreover, personalised organoids derived from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can also be used to develop personalised treatment. This chapter introduces the principles of brain organoid formation and the potential uses of brain organoids for modelling neurodegenerative diseases, drug development, and personalised medicine. Methods: We performed a literature review in PubMed (https://www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) using the keywords brain organoids; neural differentiation; neurodegeneration; personalised medicine. Conclusions: Personalised brain organoids, which can be derived by several approaches and coupled with genome editing such as CRISPR-Cas9, have proved to be powerful tools for in vitro studies of early human brain development and pathogenesis. Future treatment of incurable neurodegenerative disorders should ideally be tailored to individual patients to obtain optimal efficacy. To this end, using in vitro patient-specific models of neuroectodermal tissues will allow for such customised treatment personalised medicine.Item Metadata only Thai Literature in semi-academic pocketbooks (2015-2019 A.D.): The production and dissemination of knowledge outside the Fundamental Thai Textbook ‘Wannakhadivichak’ (2008 A.D.)(2022-01-01) Phongpheng V.; Phongpheng V.; Mahidol UniversityThis study aims at analyzing the production and dissemination of Thai literature in semi-academic pocketbooks (2015-2019 A.D.), as compared to the Fundamental Thai Textbook ‘Wannakhadivichak’ (2008 A.D.) by applying the concept of Pierre Bourdier regarding the sociology of literature and the “field”. The study found that the process of production and dissemination of Thai literature textbooks has sustained the cultural structure of national education. It can be seen that the content in textbooks reveals the criteria used for the type selection based on Thai literature heritage produced by the Royal Society of Literature and that produced by elite scholars of Siam. In this production process, didactic literature has been selected to be the important data to explain the value of literature as an esthetic production of elite writers and a reflection of traditional Thai society and culture. Such a process is different from the production of non-textbooks, where it was found that such textbooks are produced by those outside the Thai literature field. The content of such textbooks aims to explain bits of knowledge outside textbooks and question the concept of values in mainstream Thai literature textbooks. The production of non-textbook outside the national education system results in limited audiences, short-term life and inconsistent dissemination. Knowledge of Thai literature is a cultural capital for academicians inside and outside the field of literature. For insiders, knowledge of literature contributes to an academic network in the national education system; whereas for outsiders, Thai literature is to make income and provide visibility in publication and modern knowledge platforms. In conclusion, this study reveals that the characteristics of knowledge bargaining in the field of Thai literature still clings to the national education system because of the transformation of the function of Thai literature by the national education sector.Item Metadata only THE INHERITANCE AND EXISTENCE OF THE TRAE WONG BAND IN BANG LEN DISTRICT NAKHON PATHOM PROVINCE(2022-02-28) Phothikawin D.; Phothikawin D.; Mahidol UniversityThis research aimed to 1) study the history of the Trae Wong Band in Bang Len District Nakhon Pathom Province, 2) study the condition and problems of the Trae Wong Band in Bang Len District Nakhon Pathom Province, and 3) study the inheritance and existence of the Trae Wong Band in Bang Len District Nakhon Pathom Province. This research used the qualitative research method, which consisted of the key informants as follows: 1) people who had knowledge and understanding of the history, condition, problems, inheritance, and existence of the Trae Wong Band in Bang Len District Nakhon Pathom Province. 2) Professional musicians who were related to the Trae Wong Band in Bang Len District Nakhon Pathom Province. The research results were presented in a descriptive research method. The results found that 1) the history of the Trae Wong Band, started with music teachers and musicians in 4 Provinces: Teacher Thongdee Dechaona, teacher and musician from Nakhon Pathom Province; Teacher Dawei Tassananate, teacher and musician from Ratchaburi Province; teachers and musicians from Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram Province; and Teacher Boonrawd Thongkamsai, Teacher Prakong Wisuthiwong, and Teacher Thanu Wisuthiwong, teachers and musicians from Song Phi Nong District Suphanburi Province. They inherited their knowledge to the Trae Wong Band as follows: Wichian Entertain Band, Bantoengsilp Band, Kwanjai Silamull Band, and Siam Poolsilp Band. 2) The condition and problems of the Trae Wong Band, it was caused by the inheritance of knowledge and management. The external condition and problems of the Trae Wong Band, it was caused by social and cultural conditions, technology, economy, and health. 3) the inheritance and existence of the Trae Wong Band in Bang Len District Nakhon Pathom Province, were caused by internal family knowledge and external knowledge inheritance. Adaptation of the Trae Wong Band consisted of the application of musical instruments and modern music performance, uniqueness creation, marketing; public relations; and recognition, and appreciation of the Trae Wong Band in terms of traditions and rituals.