Scopus 2022
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Item Metadata only Clinical Outcomes between Using Prefabricated Toe Sleeve versus Toe Separator in Patients with Painful Hallux Valgus: A Single-Blinded Randomized Control Trial(2022-05-01) Laohajaroensombat S.; Vasaruchapong S.; Orapin J.; Prusmetikul S.; Laohajaroensombat S.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: To compare clinical outcomes between using a prefabricated foot-toe orthosis, a toe sleeve and a toe separator in treating painful hallux valgus/bunion. Study design: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Subjects: Patients with painful hallux valgus/bunion aged between 25 and 70 years old Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups: a toe separator and a toe sleeve group, both received the same treatment protocols. Primary outcomes were pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) and functions using visual analog scale-foot and ankle (VAS-FA) at one-and three-month follow-ups, and patient compliance with adherence to daily use of the orthosis as a secondary outcome. Results: Compared with the baseline, the mean VAS at one-and three-month follow-ups statistically significantly decreased in both groups [the toe sleeve group: 55.72, 21.72 and 19.33 (p < 0.01); the toe separator group: 66.00, 42.67 and 42.17 (p < 0.01) respectively]. The mean VAS-FA at both follow-ups statistically significantly increased in both groups [the former toe sleeve group:75.89, 88.67 and 83.83 (p = 0.01), the toe separator group: 53.72, 65.33 and 71.17 (p < 0.01), respectively]. The toe sleeve group showed significantly lower VAS scores than the toe separator group at both follow-ups, whereas the VAS-FA did not differ. Conclusions: The toe sleeve significantly reduced pain better than the toe separator did in patients with hallux valgus at 1 and 3 months after usage. The VAS-FA also significantly improved in both groups without a significant inter-group difference. Both, a toe sleeve and a toe separator, improved functions.Item Metadata only Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Rehabilitation Services, Education and Research in Thailand(2022-05-01) Harnphadungkit K.; Kumthornthip W.; Samerwong P.; Loharjun B.; Harnphadungkit K.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Reflecting on Criticisms of Positive Psychology: A Rebalancing Act(2022-01-01) Rhein D.; McDonald I.; Rhein D.; Mahidol UniversityThe field of positive psychology has grown and spread quickly. Unsurprisingly, such rapid growth has led to some confusion about what, exactly, positive psychology is. Positive psychology has also attracted a number of critics who have questioned its necessity, validity, and relevance to non-Western cultures. This article presents these criticisms and responds to each of them. Instead of being seen as a separate field, the authors argue that positive psychology is best viewed as a rebalancing of psychology’s focus as a whole. The article examines the immediate and powerful impact that ideas and practices from positive psychology have had on individuals, schools, organizations, and nations. The authors suggest that such quick and ready acceptance of positive psychology’s core ideas and practices reflects the presence of a pre-existing imbalance within the field of psychology and calls for a more correct understanding of what is meant by a positive psychology. The article concludes by arguing that the study of flourishing should not be viewed as a new field of psychology. Instead, it should be seen as a complement to existing psychological theory and practice, with the result being a more holistic understanding of what it means to be human.Item Metadata only Testing the Shelf-life of Food Products under Accelerated Temperature(2022-09-01) Sinchaipanit P.; Peasura N.; Sangsuriyawong A.; Disnil S.; Sinchaipanit P.; Mahidol UniversityA purpose of evaluation the shelf life of food products was indicating the food expiration date on the food label, according to a Notification of the Ministry of Public Health No. 383 B. E. 2560. Besides, it also protected a consumers' right to be safe from goods or services following the Food Act B. E. 2522. Study the shelf life of food products under accelerated conditions (i.e. elevated temperature or humidity) was widely used because of the reliable results. Moreover, the period time for shelf life testing of foods under accelerated condition was less than under normal condition. However, the experimental design, sampling, analysis of changing in quality of the food product samples during storage such as physical quality, chemical quality, sensory quality and microbial safety together with the defining an accelerated temperature and other storage condition should be considered to suitable for food products which significant differed in deterioration characteristics. Generally, the Q10 equation and/ or kinetic reaction was often used to calculate the shelf life of food products under accelerated temperature conditions.Item Metadata only In vitro Propagation of Dorcoceras brunneum C.Puglisi, An Endangered Plant of Thailand(2022-09-01) Chuengpanya R.; Jongsorn N.; Muangkroot A.; Pornchuti W.; Jenjittikul T.; Chuenboonngarm N.; Chuengpanya R.; Mahidol UniversityThis research presented a propagation protocol for Dorcoceras brunneum C.Puglisi, which is an endangered plant of Thailand, using plant tissue culture technique. The 2nd and 3rd leaves, 3.5 – 4 cm long and 1.5 – 2 cm wide, were cut from shoots of 16-week-old axenic shoots and were chosen as explant material. Then, only middle and basal parts of them were cut to 0.5 x 0.5 cm2. The explants were cultured on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0 – 1 mg/L N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0 – 0.5 mg/L 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for 16 weeks. The results showed that culturing the middle part of leaf onto MS medium augmented with 1 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA produced the highest number of new shoots (17.5 shoots/explant). Bunches of regenerated shoots from this medium were separated into a single shoot. The single shoot at the height of 1 cm was cultured onto half-strength (½MS) or full-strength MS medium with or without supplementation of 2 g/L activated charcoal (AC) for root induction. After culturing shoots on these media for 8 weeks, ½MS medium supplemented with AC resulted in the best root regeneration (new roots number 15.6 roots/shoot, new root length 2.1 cm). The data obtaining from this study will be helpful for propagation and conservation of D. brunneum, which may provide as another way for maintaining diversity of plant in Thailand.Item Metadata only Critiques on Contemporary Discourse of International Human Rights Law: a Global South Perspective(2022-07-31) Pratiwi C.S.; Listiningrum P.; Al Anwary M.A.Z.; Pratiwi C.S.; Mahidol UniversityInternational human rights law faces various critiques among scholars such as Mutua and Posner. Mutua claims that international human rights law fails to accommodate cultural values, while Posner demands its effectiveness. Referring to Langford, this paper uses a critical analytic approach to evaluate Posner’s critique and Mutua’s main thoughts. Langford's critiques of Mutua and Posner are significant in mediating the discourses by providing current evidence. While opposing Posner and Mutua’s critiques of international human rights law, this paper supports Langford’s counter critiques for three reasons. First, Langford's comprehension can ensure that IHRL not only accommodates individual rights but also communal rights. Second, Langford’s recent study indicates the effectiveness of international human rights law. Third, Langford develops a new optimism that social rights are justiciable although the strategic idea of integrating human rights with development still needs to be elaborated further. Therefore, it is significant to follow Langford’s suggestion to optimise international human rights law as the most recognised general standard to prevent human rights violations against abusive power.Item Metadata only THE SYNTHESIS OF THAI PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN STEM EDUCATION: A CASE OF THAI REGIONS AFFECTING ON SCIENCE TEACHER PERFORMANCE(2022-10-01) Visaetsilapanonta P.; Tientongdee S.; Visaetsilapanonta P.; Mahidol UniversityThe research objectives were to 1) study Thai PD project features, 2) synthesize Thai regional factors affecting teacher performance, and 3) present the guideline of PD activities for STEM education at the primary level. The sample group was the two years research project reported in 2021 on PD for primary science teachers' training programs in STEM education in Thailand. The meta-analysis was used to synthesize the results from training groups. The research instruments were a checklist of the PD project features form and guidelines for the PD evaluation form. The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The statistics used for data analysis were mean standard deviation and one-way ANOVA. As the results, they indicated that: 1) Thai PD project had high-quality components based on experts in the field. Mainly features showed the process of checking the quality of curriculum program and received a good amount of feedback, 2) the analysis results showed no evidence of regional difference affecting teachers’ performance at .05 confident level, and 3) there were 6 modules for training activities empowering primary science teachers in STEM. There were recommendations for using this PD in STEM education at different levels of education, but needs adjusted activities and time duration of each step in PD, and STEM learning should be integrated into other studies such as in art and history.Item Metadata only Asian Values(2022-01-01) Hayes M.; Hayes M.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR)(2022-01-01) Hanara D.; Bon E.; Hanara D.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Brain health: Key to health, productivity, and well-being(2022-07-01) Avan A.; Hachinski V.; Aamodt A.H.; Alessi C.; Ali S.; Alladi S.; Andersen R.; Anderson K.K.; Azarpazhooh M.R.; Bassetti C.L.A.; Brainin M.; Brodtmann A.; Buchan A.M.; Charway-Felli A.; Cipriano L.E.; Endres M.; Evans T.G.; Federico A.; Feigin V.L.; Ferro J.M.; Freedman M.; Frisbee S.J.; Fuster V.; Ganten D.; Gilliland J.; Kimura J.; Kirton J.; Küey L.; Martins S.C.O.; Mokhber N.; Nilanont Y.; Nucera A.; Oveisgharan S.; Owen A.M.; Owolabi M.O.; Rogers K.A.; Rouleau G.A.; Sacco R.L.; Stranges S.; Whitehead S.N.; Whitehouse P.J.; Wilk P.; Avan A.; Mahidol UniversityBrain health is essential for physical and mental health, social well-being, productivity, and creativity. Current neurological research focuses mainly on treating a diseased brain and preventing further deterioration rather than on developing and maintaining brain health. The pandemic has forced a shift toward virtual working environments that accelerated opportunities for transdisciplinary collaboration for fostering brain health among neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, neuro and socio-behavioral scientists, scholars in arts and humanities, policymakers, and citizens. This could shed light on the interconnectedness of physical, mental, environmental, and socioeconomic determinants of brain disease and health. We advocate making brain health the top priority worldwide, developing common measures and definitions to enhance research and policy, and finding the cause of the decline of incidence of stroke and dementia in some countries and then applying comprehensive customized cost-effective prevention solutions in actionable implementation units. Life cycle brain health offers the best single individual, communal, and global investment.Item Metadata only Effect of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Bone on Quality of Dried Herbal Chili Paste(2022-07-01) Chinabhark K.; Sribuathong S.; Jitwarin T.; Jitwarin L.; Chinabhark K.; Mahidol UniversityThe objective of this research was to study the effect of tilapia fish bones on the quality of herbal chili paste. By studying the substitution of fish fillets with Nile tilapia bones (NB) in herbal chili paste product at different levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% w/w of fish fillets), it was found that an increase in the amount of NB resulted in a decrease in the moisture content at all levels of NB (P 0.05); no effect on water activity (aw) and pH of (P≥0.05) was noted, however. In terms of color of the herbal chili paste product, when the amount of NB used in the product increased, L* a* and b* values decreased. Total viable count, molds and yeasts counts were noted to be lower than 10 CFU/g. Panelists accepted the herbal chili paste product with 75% NB at the highest level (P0.05). In terms of the nutritional value, 100 g of the herbal chili paste product with 75% NB provided 354.52 kcal of energy and 822.55 mg of calcium; its fat, moisture, ash, fiber and carbohydrate contents were 9.66%, 10.58%, 16.67%, 7.89%, 21.72% and 55.21%, respectively. Customers accepted the herbal chili paste product with 75% NB in terms of appearance and color at the moderate level, while accepted the taste, odor, and overall likeness at the like very much level. When storing the product for 1 month, there were no changes in the various quality aspects, namely, color, moisture content, aw, pH and microbial count.Item Metadata only Application of Lean Manufacturing System to Improve Production Process: A Case Study of a Steel Pipe Manufacturing Company(2022-10-01) Chanpuypetch W.; Niemsakul J.; Puataweepong P.; Supeekit T.; Chanpuypetch W.; Mahidol UniversityThe objective of this research was to improve the steel pipe production process of the case study manufacturing company. The Lean Manufacturing System concept was applied to increase the operation efficiency by eliminating wastes generated in the production process. Initially, the value stream mapping technique and the process flow chart were used to analyse and identify the wastes incurred in the current production process. It was found that the current total production lead time was 5,265.7 minutes (~11 days), while the total process time was only 1,865 minutes (~4 days). Non-value added activities (NVA) were noted, including unnecessary movement, waiting, transportation as well as overproduction. The root causes of these wastes were then analysed through the Why-Why Analysis. Subsequently, lean tools were introduced to improve the production process. ECRS technique was applied to reduce the lead time and eliminate unnecessary movement and transportation activities. Besides, the principle of batch size reduction was suggested to reduce the waiting time and work-in-process. The wastes of overproduction and excess inven-tory could also be eliminated. The manufacturer was noted to exhibit flexibility, with quick adjustment capability, to effectively meet uncertain customer demand. Four activities of the production process were indeed eliminated. The total production lead time decreased by 3,126 minutes (or 59.37 per cent). NVA activities were eliminated from the production process, with the process cycle efficiency increased by 42.47 per cent.Item Metadata only Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Management(2022-06-09) Viarasilpa T.; Francoeur C.L.; Mayer S.A.; Viarasilpa T.; Mahidol UniversityIntracranial hypertension is a life-threatening condition that if left unchecked can lead to brain herniation, cerebral ischemia, and brain death. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is frequently helpful for patient management. If placed, the monitor should be inserted in comatose patients at high risk for elevated ICP. ICP values, trends, and waveforms should be analyzed in conjunction with cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) to guide therapy. Patients with elevated ICP can be managed using a tiered strategy that emphasizes cerebral spinal fluid drainage, sedation, and CPP optimization (tier one) prior to initiating bolus osmotherapy, hyperventilation, or paralysis (tier two). Multimodality monitoring therapy is a promising strategy that can detect secondary brain injury early and allow individualized treatment. Tier-three strategies for superrefractory ICP elevation include decompressive craniectomy, hypothermia, and pentobarbital infusion. Of these, craniectomy appears to be the most effective measure for reducing mortality, especially in younger patients.Item Metadata only Bond Strengths of Universal Adhesives to Dentin Contaminated with a Hemostatic Agent(2022-01-01) Noppawong S.; Pratabsingha J.; Thamsoonthorn C.; Vichathai W.; Saikaew P.; Noppawong S.; Mahidol UniversityPurpose: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of three universal adhesives to dentin contaminated with a hemostatic agent. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six human premolars were cut to expose mid-coronal dentin. The teeth were randomly divided into a control group (uncontaminated dentin) and an experimental group in which a hemostatic agent was applied (contaminated dentin). Each group was further divided into 6 subgroups according to universal adhesives – SBU (Single Bond Universal), OPU (OptiBond Universal), CBQ (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick) – and etching mode, either etch- and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE). Following adhesive application, composite was placed in two increments and light cured. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. The μTBS test was performed using a universal testing machine. Failure mode was assessed using a light microscope. The data were statistically analyzed using three-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe’s test (p < 0.05). The resin-dentin interface was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Results: Significantly lower bond strength was observed when the universal adhesives were bonded to contaminated dentin in SE mode (p < 0.05). In contrast, the μTBS of the universal adhesives in ER mode was not affected by contamination (p > 0.05). The μTBS of CBQ to contaminated dentin was significantly lower than that of the other adhesives. Observation of the resin-dentin interface revealed limited resin penetration when the universal adhesive was applied in SE mode on contaminated dentin. Conclusion: Contaminating the dentin with a hemostatic agent significantly reduced the μTBS of the universal adhesives in SE mode. However, this adverse effect was not found when the universal adhesives were used in ER mode.Item Metadata only EFL Learners' Preference for Corrective Feedback Strategies in Relation to Their Self-Perceived Levels of Proficiency(2022-04-30) Wiboolyasarin K.; Kamonsawad R.; Jinowat N.; Wiboolyasarin W.; Wiboolyasarin K.; Mahidol UniversityThe purpose of this work was to address the overarching questions of how EFL Thai learners preferred corrective feedback strategies and whether there were any significant differences in preferences across learners’ language ability levels. The quantitative study collected 418 Thai EFL learners’ preferences for corrective feedback via a closed-ended Likert scale questionnaire. The survey showed that learners desired to edit when their speech or writing contained errors, particularly when the wrong utterance was responded to with a metalinguistic comment regarding the error’s nature. Statistical analysis found significant differences in students’ preferences for metalinguistic clues and public feedback between intermediate and elementary levels. It appeared that beginner-level learners would almost certainly experience embarrassment if they were corrected in front of their peers. Conversely, self-correction, which was necessary once the student’s erroneous remark was explained in terms of grammar usage, probably made advanced students uncomfortable. While teachers should examine their EFL students' corrective feedback preferences, this study found that their proficiency levels were slightly relevant.Item Metadata only Naturally Occurring Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified (PTCL-NOS) with Systemic Dissemination in a Beagle(2022-03-01) Nganthavee P.; Channgam P.; Kasantikul T.; Arya N.; Sirivisoot S.; Thaiwong T.; Millman Z.; Osathanon R.; Nganthavee P.; Mahidol UniversityA 6-year-old intact female Beagle dog presented with acute vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound showed abdominal lymphadenopathy, ascites and a hyperechoic mass within the pancreas. Thoracic radiographs and echocardiography revealed cardiomegaly with pericardial effusion. The dog died following rapid deterioration and a subsequent necropsy revealed a multilobulated white-to-tan mass within the pancreas, attaching to the omentum, stomach and left adrenal gland. The heart was enlarged and infiltrated by similar coalescing off-white irregular masses. Histologically, the masses consisted of infiltrative sheets of large T lymphocytes replacing the normal architecture of the heart along with the lymph nodes, pancreas, stomach, omentum, left adrenal gland, right ovary, heart, liver, gall bladder as well as the lungs and eyes. Based on histomorphology and immunophenotyping, this case was diagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) with systemic dissemination to unusual sites including the heart.Item Metadata only Ageing Population and Health in Low-and Middle-Income Countries(2022-09-01) Rawal L.; Rawal L.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Estimation of Reproduction Number of COVID-19 Spread Patterns in Thailand(2022-09-01) Jansarikit L.; Yaikwawong M.; Jansarikit L.; Mahidol UniversityCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome– coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was declared as a pandemic. The purpose of this study was to estimation the reproduction number of COVID-19 Spread Patterns by using the data from 22 January to 30 June 2020. We applied the exponential growth rate to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0) according to the status of lockdown. The exponential growth model results during lockdown period indicate the basic reproduction number is 0.58 (95% CI: 0.55-0.60), whereas the basic reproduction number is 0.98 during easing of lockdown. The highest value of the basic reproduction number is 2.48 (95% CI: 2.21-2.77) during pre-lockdown phase II. The reduction of basic reproduction numbers (R0). suggested that timely implementation of control measures. The estimation of reproduction numbers could be used to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures and also used as a guide for public health policymakers for future COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, with COVID-19 cases still present in Thailand, an estimation of basic reproduction number (R0) would be helpful for continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of the current public health policies implemented in Thailand.Item Metadata only Predictive Risk Area Modeling for Tuberculosis at the Provincial Level, Thailand(2022-05-01) Winyouvongsiri P.; Tipayamongkholgul M.; Tornee S.; Ekchariyawat P.; Winyouvongsiri P.; Mahidol UniversityTuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem globally and nationally. Although the Thai Ministry of Public Health has strengthened the National TB Control Program nationwide, the magnitude of the TB burden varies across the country. Identifying the high-risk areas of TB is crucial for public health prevention and control planning. A predictive model has been widely used in disease surveillance by identifying high-risk areas. Studies in Asia and western countries have found associations between the high prevalence TB and areas which are highly populated or have a high prevalence of diabetes, and people living with HIV (PLWH). However, these findings are inconclusive. This study aimed to determine factors associated with province-specific TB notification rate and develop scoring for assessing TB risk areas at the provincial level. An ecological study was conducted and used data at the provincial level of Thailand as a unit of analysis. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University (MUPH 2021/51). Data from 76 provinces of Thailand (except Bangkok) were retrieved from the Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Public Health including the number of people aged 40 years or more, those younger than 5 years, percentage of the population living in urban areas, percentage of the population under the poverty line, number of low-income communities, average number of household members, prevalence of PLWH, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoking prevalence, prevalence of alcohol consumption, and TB notification rates. Data were analyzed by percentage, median and interquartile, and negative binomial regression was used to develop risk models. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Forward negative binomial regression was used to identify associated factors and to develop risk score. Data from 2017 to 2019 were used to develop the model, and it was verified by data from 2020. Factors with p < 0.10 were hierarchically selected into a forward model. The optimal model was considered to be a model with a lesser value of the Bayesian information criterion. Then relative risks of the optimal model were used to develop scores for TB risk area. Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the performance of the optimal model and risk score by checking the correlation between estimated province-specific TB notification rate and observed province-specific TB notification rate during 2017-2019. Finally, the risk scores for the year 2020 were calculated and used to predict TB notification rate in 2020. The predicted province-specific TB notification rate was validated with the observed province-specific TB notification rate in 2020 by Pearson’s correlation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient > 0.8 was accepted. The findings showed associations between the proportion of the population aged over 40 years, number of low-income communities, prevalence of PLWH, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, prevalence of COPD and province-specific notification rate of TB. The risk factors in the optimal model were used to develop score for TB risk area by using a weighted score method. The risk scores were used to estimate province-specific TB notification rate during 2017-2019 and the model’s performance was validated with observed data in the same year. The consistency yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.908. We used risk score of the year 2020 to predict expected province-specific TB notification rate in 2020 and validated it with observed data in the same year and found high consistency between expected and observed province-specific TB notification rate, Pearson’s correlation = 0.895. A high-risk area of TB comprises areas having low-income communities, prevalence of PLWH more than 650 per 100,000, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus more than 5,000 per 100,000. The present study provided useful information for a provincial health officer to perform a TB risk assessment in order to strengthen TB surveillance, prevention, and control and to allocate resources to operate an optimal TB plan.Item Metadata only Electronic-Prescribing-System Protocol Development for Government Sector Outpatients and Private Drug Stores: Case Study in Kalasin Province, Thailand(2022-09-01) Watcharapinchai W.; Sillabutra J.; Soontornpipit P.; Chootrakool H.; Watcharapinchai W.; Mahidol UniversityThai hospitals are overcrowded, with patients spending half of their time waiting for medicines, resulting in increasing patient unhappiness and strain on staff, which leads to medication errors. So, the reducing overcrowding policy was launched to minimize overcrowding by using the e-prescribing system (EPS) that allows patients to obtain medicines at drug stores. However, the existing EPS does not give adequate operational assistance since the system does not cover all areas and there is insufficient financial support. Besides, the EPS does not facilitate information sharing. Therefore, our research objective was to develop an EPS protocol that allows for interoperability between drug stores and outpatients in a government hospital. For this, we utilized a case study in Kalasin province, Thailand. This design and development research was separated into four stages: review of Thailand's EPS, stakeholder analysis, system analysis and design, and system evaluation. Data were collected from 17 key stakeholders at a community hospital, a subdistrict health promoting hospital, and two drug stores in Kalasin province. The new EPS protocol allows patients to choose from a variety of health settings (all-tier hospitals, community health center, and drug stores) to obtain laboratory tests or refill medications anywhere and at convenient time based on their condition by modifying an appointment through a LINE official account named Morprom. Nevertheless, this protocol should be deployed in practice in the future with numerous settings in Thailand and a larger sample size.