Scopus 2022
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Item Metadata only In vitro Propagation of Dorcoceras brunneum C.Puglisi, An Endangered Plant of Thailand(2022-09-01) Chuengpanya R.; Jongsorn N.; Muangkroot A.; Pornchuti W.; Jenjittikul T.; Chuenboonngarm N.; Chuengpanya R.; Mahidol UniversityThis research presented a propagation protocol for Dorcoceras brunneum C.Puglisi, which is an endangered plant of Thailand, using plant tissue culture technique. The 2nd and 3rd leaves, 3.5 – 4 cm long and 1.5 – 2 cm wide, were cut from shoots of 16-week-old axenic shoots and were chosen as explant material. Then, only middle and basal parts of them were cut to 0.5 x 0.5 cm2. The explants were cultured on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0 – 1 mg/L N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0 – 0.5 mg/L 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for 16 weeks. The results showed that culturing the middle part of leaf onto MS medium augmented with 1 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA produced the highest number of new shoots (17.5 shoots/explant). Bunches of regenerated shoots from this medium were separated into a single shoot. The single shoot at the height of 1 cm was cultured onto half-strength (½MS) or full-strength MS medium with or without supplementation of 2 g/L activated charcoal (AC) for root induction. After culturing shoots on these media for 8 weeks, ½MS medium supplemented with AC resulted in the best root regeneration (new roots number 15.6 roots/shoot, new root length 2.1 cm). The data obtaining from this study will be helpful for propagation and conservation of D. brunneum, which may provide as another way for maintaining diversity of plant in Thailand.Item Metadata only Testing the Shelf-life of Food Products under Accelerated Temperature(2022-09-01) Sinchaipanit P.; Peasura N.; Sangsuriyawong A.; Disnil S.; Sinchaipanit P.; Mahidol UniversityA purpose of evaluation the shelf life of food products was indicating the food expiration date on the food label, according to a Notification of the Ministry of Public Health No. 383 B. E. 2560. Besides, it also protected a consumers' right to be safe from goods or services following the Food Act B. E. 2522. Study the shelf life of food products under accelerated conditions (i.e. elevated temperature or humidity) was widely used because of the reliable results. Moreover, the period time for shelf life testing of foods under accelerated condition was less than under normal condition. However, the experimental design, sampling, analysis of changing in quality of the food product samples during storage such as physical quality, chemical quality, sensory quality and microbial safety together with the defining an accelerated temperature and other storage condition should be considered to suitable for food products which significant differed in deterioration characteristics. Generally, the Q10 equation and/ or kinetic reaction was often used to calculate the shelf life of food products under accelerated temperature conditions.Item Metadata only Critiques on Contemporary Discourse of International Human Rights Law: a Global South Perspective(2022-07-31) Pratiwi C.S.; Listiningrum P.; Al Anwary M.A.Z.; Pratiwi C.S.; Mahidol UniversityInternational human rights law faces various critiques among scholars such as Mutua and Posner. Mutua claims that international human rights law fails to accommodate cultural values, while Posner demands its effectiveness. Referring to Langford, this paper uses a critical analytic approach to evaluate Posner’s critique and Mutua’s main thoughts. Langford's critiques of Mutua and Posner are significant in mediating the discourses by providing current evidence. While opposing Posner and Mutua’s critiques of international human rights law, this paper supports Langford’s counter critiques for three reasons. First, Langford's comprehension can ensure that IHRL not only accommodates individual rights but also communal rights. Second, Langford’s recent study indicates the effectiveness of international human rights law. Third, Langford develops a new optimism that social rights are justiciable although the strategic idea of integrating human rights with development still needs to be elaborated further. Therefore, it is significant to follow Langford’s suggestion to optimise international human rights law as the most recognised general standard to prevent human rights violations against abusive power.Item Metadata only THE SYNTHESIS OF THAI PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN STEM EDUCATION: A CASE OF THAI REGIONS AFFECTING ON SCIENCE TEACHER PERFORMANCE(2022-10-01) Visaetsilapanonta P.; Tientongdee S.; Visaetsilapanonta P.; Mahidol UniversityThe research objectives were to 1) study Thai PD project features, 2) synthesize Thai regional factors affecting teacher performance, and 3) present the guideline of PD activities for STEM education at the primary level. The sample group was the two years research project reported in 2021 on PD for primary science teachers' training programs in STEM education in Thailand. The meta-analysis was used to synthesize the results from training groups. The research instruments were a checklist of the PD project features form and guidelines for the PD evaluation form. The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The statistics used for data analysis were mean standard deviation and one-way ANOVA. As the results, they indicated that: 1) Thai PD project had high-quality components based on experts in the field. Mainly features showed the process of checking the quality of curriculum program and received a good amount of feedback, 2) the analysis results showed no evidence of regional difference affecting teachers’ performance at .05 confident level, and 3) there were 6 modules for training activities empowering primary science teachers in STEM. There were recommendations for using this PD in STEM education at different levels of education, but needs adjusted activities and time duration of each step in PD, and STEM learning should be integrated into other studies such as in art and history.Item Metadata only ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR)(2022-01-01) Hanara D.; Bon E.; Hanara D.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Asian Values(2022-01-01) Hayes M.; Hayes M.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Brain health: Key to health, productivity, and well-being(2022-07-01) Avan A.; Hachinski V.; Aamodt A.H.; Alessi C.; Ali S.; Alladi S.; Andersen R.; Anderson K.K.; Azarpazhooh M.R.; Bassetti C.L.A.; Brainin M.; Brodtmann A.; Buchan A.M.; Charway-Felli A.; Cipriano L.E.; Endres M.; Evans T.G.; Federico A.; Feigin V.L.; Ferro J.M.; Freedman M.; Frisbee S.J.; Fuster V.; Ganten D.; Gilliland J.; Kimura J.; Kirton J.; Küey L.; Martins S.C.O.; Mokhber N.; Nilanont Y.; Nucera A.; Oveisgharan S.; Owen A.M.; Owolabi M.O.; Rogers K.A.; Rouleau G.A.; Sacco R.L.; Stranges S.; Whitehead S.N.; Whitehouse P.J.; Wilk P.; Avan A.; Mahidol UniversityBrain health is essential for physical and mental health, social well-being, productivity, and creativity. Current neurological research focuses mainly on treating a diseased brain and preventing further deterioration rather than on developing and maintaining brain health. The pandemic has forced a shift toward virtual working environments that accelerated opportunities for transdisciplinary collaboration for fostering brain health among neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, neuro and socio-behavioral scientists, scholars in arts and humanities, policymakers, and citizens. This could shed light on the interconnectedness of physical, mental, environmental, and socioeconomic determinants of brain disease and health. We advocate making brain health the top priority worldwide, developing common measures and definitions to enhance research and policy, and finding the cause of the decline of incidence of stroke and dementia in some countries and then applying comprehensive customized cost-effective prevention solutions in actionable implementation units. Life cycle brain health offers the best single individual, communal, and global investment.Item Metadata only Effect of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Bone on Quality of Dried Herbal Chili Paste(2022-07-01) Chinabhark K.; Sribuathong S.; Jitwarin T.; Jitwarin L.; Chinabhark K.; Mahidol UniversityThe objective of this research was to study the effect of tilapia fish bones on the quality of herbal chili paste. By studying the substitution of fish fillets with Nile tilapia bones (NB) in herbal chili paste product at different levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% w/w of fish fillets), it was found that an increase in the amount of NB resulted in a decrease in the moisture content at all levels of NB (P 0.05); no effect on water activity (aw) and pH of (P≥0.05) was noted, however. In terms of color of the herbal chili paste product, when the amount of NB used in the product increased, L* a* and b* values decreased. Total viable count, molds and yeasts counts were noted to be lower than 10 CFU/g. Panelists accepted the herbal chili paste product with 75% NB at the highest level (P0.05). In terms of the nutritional value, 100 g of the herbal chili paste product with 75% NB provided 354.52 kcal of energy and 822.55 mg of calcium; its fat, moisture, ash, fiber and carbohydrate contents were 9.66%, 10.58%, 16.67%, 7.89%, 21.72% and 55.21%, respectively. Customers accepted the herbal chili paste product with 75% NB in terms of appearance and color at the moderate level, while accepted the taste, odor, and overall likeness at the like very much level. When storing the product for 1 month, there were no changes in the various quality aspects, namely, color, moisture content, aw, pH and microbial count.Item Metadata only Application of Lean Manufacturing System to Improve Production Process: A Case Study of a Steel Pipe Manufacturing Company(2022-10-01) Chanpuypetch W.; Niemsakul J.; Puataweepong P.; Supeekit T.; Chanpuypetch W.; Mahidol UniversityThe objective of this research was to improve the steel pipe production process of the case study manufacturing company. The Lean Manufacturing System concept was applied to increase the operation efficiency by eliminating wastes generated in the production process. Initially, the value stream mapping technique and the process flow chart were used to analyse and identify the wastes incurred in the current production process. It was found that the current total production lead time was 5,265.7 minutes (~11 days), while the total process time was only 1,865 minutes (~4 days). Non-value added activities (NVA) were noted, including unnecessary movement, waiting, transportation as well as overproduction. The root causes of these wastes were then analysed through the Why-Why Analysis. Subsequently, lean tools were introduced to improve the production process. ECRS technique was applied to reduce the lead time and eliminate unnecessary movement and transportation activities. Besides, the principle of batch size reduction was suggested to reduce the waiting time and work-in-process. The wastes of overproduction and excess inven-tory could also be eliminated. The manufacturer was noted to exhibit flexibility, with quick adjustment capability, to effectively meet uncertain customer demand. Four activities of the production process were indeed eliminated. The total production lead time decreased by 3,126 minutes (or 59.37 per cent). NVA activities were eliminated from the production process, with the process cycle efficiency increased by 42.47 per cent.Item Metadata only Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Management(2022-06-09) Viarasilpa T.; Francoeur C.L.; Mayer S.A.; Viarasilpa T.; Mahidol UniversityIntracranial hypertension is a life-threatening condition that if left unchecked can lead to brain herniation, cerebral ischemia, and brain death. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is frequently helpful for patient management. If placed, the monitor should be inserted in comatose patients at high risk for elevated ICP. ICP values, trends, and waveforms should be analyzed in conjunction with cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) to guide therapy. Patients with elevated ICP can be managed using a tiered strategy that emphasizes cerebral spinal fluid drainage, sedation, and CPP optimization (tier one) prior to initiating bolus osmotherapy, hyperventilation, or paralysis (tier two). Multimodality monitoring therapy is a promising strategy that can detect secondary brain injury early and allow individualized treatment. Tier-three strategies for superrefractory ICP elevation include decompressive craniectomy, hypothermia, and pentobarbital infusion. Of these, craniectomy appears to be the most effective measure for reducing mortality, especially in younger patients.Item Metadata only Bond Strengths of Universal Adhesives to Dentin Contaminated with a Hemostatic Agent(2022-01-01) Noppawong S.; Pratabsingha J.; Thamsoonthorn C.; Vichathai W.; Saikaew P.; Noppawong S.; Mahidol UniversityPurpose: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of three universal adhesives to dentin contaminated with a hemostatic agent. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six human premolars were cut to expose mid-coronal dentin. The teeth were randomly divided into a control group (uncontaminated dentin) and an experimental group in which a hemostatic agent was applied (contaminated dentin). Each group was further divided into 6 subgroups according to universal adhesives – SBU (Single Bond Universal), OPU (OptiBond Universal), CBQ (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick) – and etching mode, either etch- and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE). Following adhesive application, composite was placed in two increments and light cured. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. The μTBS test was performed using a universal testing machine. Failure mode was assessed using a light microscope. The data were statistically analyzed using three-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe’s test (p < 0.05). The resin-dentin interface was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Results: Significantly lower bond strength was observed when the universal adhesives were bonded to contaminated dentin in SE mode (p < 0.05). In contrast, the μTBS of the universal adhesives in ER mode was not affected by contamination (p > 0.05). The μTBS of CBQ to contaminated dentin was significantly lower than that of the other adhesives. Observation of the resin-dentin interface revealed limited resin penetration when the universal adhesive was applied in SE mode on contaminated dentin. Conclusion: Contaminating the dentin with a hemostatic agent significantly reduced the μTBS of the universal adhesives in SE mode. However, this adverse effect was not found when the universal adhesives were used in ER mode.Item Metadata only EFL Learners' Preference for Corrective Feedback Strategies in Relation to Their Self-Perceived Levels of Proficiency(2022-04-30) Wiboolyasarin K.; Kamonsawad R.; Jinowat N.; Wiboolyasarin W.; Wiboolyasarin K.; Mahidol UniversityThe purpose of this work was to address the overarching questions of how EFL Thai learners preferred corrective feedback strategies and whether there were any significant differences in preferences across learners’ language ability levels. The quantitative study collected 418 Thai EFL learners’ preferences for corrective feedback via a closed-ended Likert scale questionnaire. The survey showed that learners desired to edit when their speech or writing contained errors, particularly when the wrong utterance was responded to with a metalinguistic comment regarding the error’s nature. Statistical analysis found significant differences in students’ preferences for metalinguistic clues and public feedback between intermediate and elementary levels. It appeared that beginner-level learners would almost certainly experience embarrassment if they were corrected in front of their peers. Conversely, self-correction, which was necessary once the student’s erroneous remark was explained in terms of grammar usage, probably made advanced students uncomfortable. While teachers should examine their EFL students' corrective feedback preferences, this study found that their proficiency levels were slightly relevant.Item Metadata only Naturally Occurring Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified (PTCL-NOS) with Systemic Dissemination in a Beagle(2022-03-01) Nganthavee P.; Channgam P.; Kasantikul T.; Arya N.; Sirivisoot S.; Thaiwong T.; Millman Z.; Osathanon R.; Nganthavee P.; Mahidol UniversityA 6-year-old intact female Beagle dog presented with acute vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound showed abdominal lymphadenopathy, ascites and a hyperechoic mass within the pancreas. Thoracic radiographs and echocardiography revealed cardiomegaly with pericardial effusion. The dog died following rapid deterioration and a subsequent necropsy revealed a multilobulated white-to-tan mass within the pancreas, attaching to the omentum, stomach and left adrenal gland. The heart was enlarged and infiltrated by similar coalescing off-white irregular masses. Histologically, the masses consisted of infiltrative sheets of large T lymphocytes replacing the normal architecture of the heart along with the lymph nodes, pancreas, stomach, omentum, left adrenal gland, right ovary, heart, liver, gall bladder as well as the lungs and eyes. Based on histomorphology and immunophenotyping, this case was diagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) with systemic dissemination to unusual sites including the heart.Item Metadata only Breakfast Consumption Behavior among Secondary School Students in Bangkok(2022-01-01) Deejuthamanee R.; Moonrattana A.; Empremsilapa S.; Deejuthamanee R.; Mahidol UniversityThis descriptive research aimed to study breakfast consumption behavior among students in secondary education, Mathayom Suksa 1 and 4 (Grades 7 and 10) of two schools in Bangkok in the second semester of academic year 2018. The sample was obtained by convenience sampling, with the cooperation and agreement of parents. Data were obtained by administering student and parent questionnaires. General information about respondents, including breakfast consumption behavior among students, reasons for skipping breakfast, the average number of meals eaten per day, the variety of food that students chose for breakfast, the most consumed types of breakfast food, breakfast consumption behavior among parents, and breakfast preparation for students, were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Student breakfast consumption behavior was compared with demographic factors and the breakfast consumption behavior of parents by using the Chi-square test. 562 students were included: 358 (63.7%) from Mathayom Suksa 1 (Grade 7) and 204 (36.3%) from Mathayom Suksa 4 (Grade 10). 56% were female and 44% were male. 74.4% of students lived with their parents, 51.1% of the primary parents of the students were mothers, 28.7% of primary parents were government officers or state enterprise employees, 43.1% of the primary parents had a Bachelor’s degree, 29.5% had a family income ranging between 10,000-30,000 Baht/month, and 51.7% of students had 70-100 Baht/ day pocket money. 70.5% of students ate breakfast every day, 25.4% ate breakfast sometimes or were uncertain about it, and 4.1% skipped breakfast. 22.6% of students reported that they had no time for breakfast. Most students (75.1%) chose to eat rice topped with other food, or a single dish, for breakfast, and 56.3% ate a breakfast which was composed of different types of food consumed together. The following factors: student education level (p = 0.001), the family member who was living with the student (p = 0.043), parents’ education level (p < 0.001), family income (p < 0.001), bedtime (p < 0.001), parents’ breakfast consumption behavior, and breakfast preparation for students (p<0.001), were significantly correlated with the breakfast consumption behavior of students. The results of this study showed that most students consumed breakfast every day. However, almost one third of students consumed breakfast only on some days or did not eat breakfast at all. Skipping breakfast may have a negative impact on physical health, causing hunger due to the lack of sufficient nutrients in children’s brain and also have a long-term effect on learning efficiency. Therefore, the breakfast consumption behavior of students is very important. It is closely associated with parental factors, including family income, parental consumption behavior and breakfast preparation for students. Consequently, all health personnel should raise awareness and provide education about the importance of eating breakfast among adolescents, families and communities to promote breakfast consumption behavior. We recommend that health personnel point out the importance of breakfast and the negative effects that occur if students skip breakfast every day. Finally, promoting positive eating habits among secondary school students might make adolescents healthy and reach their full potential.Item Metadata only Internet Usage Behaviors in the New Normal Era among High School Students in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand(2022-09-01) Jantapad W.; Kittipichai W.; Thongworn S.; Yodmai K.; Jantapad W.; Mahidol UniversityThe situation of coronavirus disease 2019 has caused important measures, including social distancing to prevent the spread. The internet is an important communication channel for living in the new normal era especially for students who need to use the internet as a learning channel like an online classroom which may affect the health of students. This cross-sectional survey aimed to investigate internet usage behavior, and explore factors related to internet usage behaviors among high school students in Nakhon Sawan province, Thailand, through stratified-cluster random sampling. Data were collected from 409 students from grade 10-12 in academic year 2021. The inclusion criteria were both female and male students enrolled in selected high-schools, receipt of parental permission to participate in this study, and consent to complete an online questionnaire. The data obtained from the online questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, self-efficacy on internet usage, outcome expectations toward internet usage, and models for internet usage from friends and influencers. Data were analyzed by using an independent samples t-test, chi-square analysis, and descriptive statistics. This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee for Human Research, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University (COA.NO. MUPH 2022-010) on February 1, 2022. The results of the study found that 50.4% of students in the new normal era were using the internet at a high level, or more than 70 hours weekly. Average weekly internet use was 91.88 hours. Most of them used a smartphone to access the internet, used it from 8 to 12 pm, and used Facebook and Instagram. The internet access activities were studying and searching due to education and academic knowledge (98.7%) followed by watching television, clips, and movies, and listening to music online. The study indicated that factors associated with internet usage were sex, self-efficacy, and outcome expectation (p < 0.05). The findings demonstrated that males used the internet more than females, and most activities included playing online games, following net idols and celebrities, and admiring people, disseminating information, online shopping, reading news or electronic-books, and entertainment news updates. Regarding internal factors, self-efficacy on internet usage among high internet users had higher scores than in (1) watching live broadcasts, (2) watching television, movie clips, or listening to music online, and (3) online shopping (p < 0.05). For expectations for outcomes from internet usage, students with a high level of internet usage in the new normal era had higher mean scores than those with a normal level of internet usage in the new normal era in (1) watching live broadcasts, (2) playing online games either alone or in a team, and (3) watching television, movie clips or listening to music online (p < 0.05). Environmental factors including models from influencers on the internet, and students with a high level of internet usage in the new normal era had higher mean scores than those with a normal level of internet usage in the new normal era in (1) reading news or e-books and (2) calling and talking to friends, family members and close people (p < 0.05). According to the results, the study suggested that schools should provide training to students on rational internet usage by developing students' self-efficacy and expectations in internet usage, focusing on outcomes that enhance students' learning achievement.Item Metadata only Effect of a Personalized Cardiovascular Risk Score Report on Employee Smoking Behavior in a Private Hospital(2022-01-01) Wanitchatchawan W.; Tadadej C.; Pongpirul K.; Wanitchatchawan W.; Mahidol UniversitySmoking is a major cause of non-communicable diseases. The World Health Organization identified that 10% of cardiovascular diseases are attributable to smoking. Thailand 2019 statistics indicated that cardiovascular disease was the second leading cause of death in the Thai population. The death rate associated with cardiovascular disease was 33.90 per 100,000 population. In other words, not smoking is the best way to reduce the risk of developing heart disease and, in those who experience coronary heart disease, stopping smoking reduces the incidence of recurrence and death. Smoking cessation has been one of the Thai national strategies for tobacco control to decrease smoking prevalence since the last decade. Employee health is a crucial factor for organizational effectiveness. To promote employee health, the hospital that was the setting for this study provides a health checkup for their employees once a year. This conventional checkup report is sent to each employee. Previous studies have shown a correlation between the use of the cardiovascular risk score report and mortality and morbidity. However, there is no evidence of using the cardiovascular risk score report to motivate individuals to stop smoking. This research aimed to compare the effect of a personalized cardiovascular risk score report on employee smoking behavior in a private hospital located in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area. The study was a randomized controlled trial. The experimental and comparison groups consisted of 36 current smokers who were employed full-time at the hospital, and who voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 received the modified cardiovascular risk score, true cardiovascular risk score, and conventional checkup report. Group 2 received the true cardiovascular risk score and conventional checkup report. Group 3 received the conventional checkup report. The participants in each group received the allotted intervention during week 0, 4, 8 and 12. Data were collected using a questionnaire from January to April 2020. We used descriptive statistics, Fisher’s Exact test, one-way ANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA, GEE, Unpaired t-test, and McNemar Chi Square for data analysis. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 35.66 ± 10.54 years. 97.2% were males, 33.3% of them had graduated with a bachelor’s degree, and 55.6% had non-clinical indirect-care positions. Their average income was 25,341.18 ± 15,465.90 Baht per month. 72.2% of the participants were not addicted to nicotine. 66.7% had a low level of cardiovascular risk. Before the experiments were performed, the participants smoked 53.03 ± 47.88 cigarettes per week and 66.7% of the participants had no intention to quit smoking. There was no significant difference among the three groups at baseline (week 0). The results showed that different types of cardiovascular risk score report had no effect on smoking behavior (p = 0.91). In addition, cardiovascular risk score report had no effect on the intention to quit smoking in the intervention group. However, the number of cigarettes smoked per week in the intervention groups significantly decreased when compared to the comparison group (p < 0.05).Item Metadata only Effects of a Self-Management Nursing Support Program with Health Care Volunteers for Insulin Dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients(2022-09-01) Sanitkilang S.; Lagampan S.; Pichayapinyo P.; Sanitkilang S.; Mahidol UniversityType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem worldwide. This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effects of a self-management program among patients with Type 2 DM on self-management efficacy, food consumption behavior, and HbA1C concentration, by applying the self-management concept of Kanfer and Gaelick-Buys and social support from healthcare volunteers. The sample group was Type 2 DM patients treated with insulin injections in the primary care unit, Thepparat Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Systematic sampling of 25 people was used for obtaining the experimental group and the comparison group. The experimental group was encouraged to perform self-management by nurses and support from healthcare volunteers for 12 weeks. The program consisted of the self-management of blood sugar levels three times and was visited by healthcare volunteers every 3 days a week. Data were collected by interview questionnaire before and after the intervention at week 8 and week 12. HbA1C was also measured before and after the intervention at week 12. This research was approved by the Ethical Committee for Human Research of the Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Thailand (MUPH 2021-080). The results showed that after the intervention in the 8th and 12th week, the experimental group was statistically significantly higher in self-efficacy (M8th 26.64 ± 2.25; M12th 38.68 ± 2.39) and consumption behavior scores (M8th 24.52 ± 2.22; M12th 35.00 ± 3.07) than before the intervention (M pre 22.52 ± 4.13; Mpre 21.12 ± 2.19, respectively) and it was better than the comparison group (p < 0.05). After the intervention in the 12th week, the experimental group had a statistically significant decrease in HbA1C (M12th 9.28 ± 1.07) than before the intervention (Mpre 10.19 ± 2.53) and lower than the comparison group (p < 0.05). This finding suggested that community nurse practitioners or nurses at Diabetes C l i n i c s can apply this program to enhance insulin-dependent Type 2 DM patients to perform self-management and educate healthcare volunteers to support them while patients stay in the community.Item Metadata only Estimation of Reproduction Number of COVID-19 Spread Patterns in Thailand(2022-09-01) Jansarikit L.; Yaikwawong M.; Jansarikit L.; Mahidol UniversityCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome– coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was declared as a pandemic. The purpose of this study was to estimation the reproduction number of COVID-19 Spread Patterns by using the data from 22 January to 30 June 2020. We applied the exponential growth rate to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0) according to the status of lockdown. The exponential growth model results during lockdown period indicate the basic reproduction number is 0.58 (95% CI: 0.55-0.60), whereas the basic reproduction number is 0.98 during easing of lockdown. The highest value of the basic reproduction number is 2.48 (95% CI: 2.21-2.77) during pre-lockdown phase II. The reduction of basic reproduction numbers (R0). suggested that timely implementation of control measures. The estimation of reproduction numbers could be used to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures and also used as a guide for public health policymakers for future COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, with COVID-19 cases still present in Thailand, an estimation of basic reproduction number (R0) would be helpful for continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of the current public health policies implemented in Thailand.Item Metadata only Health Promoting Factors at the Household Level, Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand: Comparison of Municipal and Non-Municipal Areas(2022-09-01) Silawan T.; Ponsen K.; Saengsawang P.; Ouaysawat M.; Wongrattanadilok T.; Silawan T.; Mahidol UniversityPersonal health is influenced and related to health promoting factors at the upper levels, in particular household level which varies by area of residence. Differences in area of residence in terms of physical, development, and community health improvement activities performed by the local authorities, involving organizations, and community result in differences in health promoting factors at the household level. This survey aimed to assess health promoting factors at the household level, comparing between municipal and non-municipal areas in Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The study variables covered holistic health promoting factors at the household level including social and environmental factors, sufficiency economy, and happiness. The samples were 217 households in municipal areas (114 households) and non-municipal areas (103 households) of Sung Noen District, recruited by simple random sampling. In each household, data were collected from representatives of households aged ≥18 years using an interview form. The interview form comprised of five parts: general data and illnesses of household members, social factors, environmental factors, sufficiency economy factors, and happiness factors. The overall and individual health promoting factors were interpreted by categorizing the total score into 3 levels as follows: households had high health promoting factors (80-100%), households had moderate health promoting factors (60-79%), and households had low health promoting factors (0-59%). Data were processed and analyzed by using EpiData version 3.10 and SPSS Statistics 18.0. The statistics used were percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviations, and t-tests. This research was conducted in accordance with human research ethics practice. The research project was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University [COA. No. MUPH 2018-168; Protocol No. 151/2561; Date of Approval 28 November 2018]. The results showed that 42.1% of households in municipal areas and 40.8% of households in non-municipal areas had 3-4 household members. Municipal households had more children and older-aged people than did non-municipal areas. Households in the municipalities had a higher number of household members suffering from chronic non-communicable diseases than those outside the municipalities (59.6% and 50.5%, respectively). Households in the municipal areas had health promoting factors at a high level as follows: environmental factors 85.1%, social factors 30.7%, sufficiency economy factors 24.6%, and happiness factors 7.0%. Households in non-municipal areas had health promoting factors at a high level in relation to the environmental factors (98.1%), social factors (76.7%), sufficiency economy factors (44.7%), and happiness factors (13.6%). Mean scores for household health promoting factors in non-municipal areas were significantly higher than those in municipal areas (p < 0.01) on overall, social, environmental, and sufficiency economy factors. There was no difference in happiness (p = 0.09). Under 60% of households in municipal areas had health promoting factors in terms of applying unused materials or building vegetable and fruit plots in the household, not buying underground lottery tickets regularly, having confidence or trust in the operation of the local authorities, trusting or accepting community leaders, making a household account, not buying luxury items, planning for more learning, and having enough income. Less than 60% of households in non-municipal areas had health promoting factors in terms of making a household account, having enough income, doing activities together with family members outside the house, and planning for more learning. The findings indicated that household-level factors which are conducive to good health should be promoted or brought about with a focus on sufficiency economy and happiness in both areas and on social aspects in municipal areas.Item Metadata only Socioeconomic Status and Health Condition of the Older Adult and Elderly Population in Thailand(2022-01-01) Chongthawonsatid S.; Chongthawonsatid S.; Mahidol UniversitySocioeconomic status (SES) related to health inequalities is assessed by education, employment, income, wealth, and social status. Low socioeconomic status is associated with excess morbidity and mortality. A deterioration in health that accompanies aging is a predictor of a decline in perceived socioeconomic status. SES has a significant impact on people’s physical health. Health status can be measured by an individual subjectively rating the perceptions of their health status. This research aimed to identify socioeconomic factors associated with health condition in the elderly, and to provide support for national policy makers who are responsible for developing financial strategies for an aging society, via financial and healthcare services and special systems assistance, to promote good health status in aging societies in the future. The elderly population surveys conducted by the National Statistical Office of Thailand use a stratified, two-stage, sampling procedure. There are 77 provinces in Thailand, each of which is defined as a block or stratum. Each stratum is separated into two parts according to the structure of the local administration, namely, municipal and non-municipal areas. These areas include individual households and are set as the primary-and secondary-sampling units, respectively. The elderly population surveys are population-based surveys that are systematically carried out by skilled interviewers. In 2017, they polled 39,992 people aged 50 years or older. Results showed that about 34.3% of the respondents did not have good health. 17.4% of respondents did not have any savings, and approximately four out of ten (43.5%) did not have adequate income. Multivariate modelling demonstrated that respondents aged 60 and above (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.52, p < 0.001), females (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.80, p < 0.001), separated, widowed, or divorced respondents (AOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.96, p = 0.008), and private sectors workers (AOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.89, p < 0.001) were less likely to have a good health condition. Respondents who had received education up to elementary level (AOR =1.20, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.33, p < 0.001), primary level (AOR =1.39, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.50, p < 0.001), secondary level (AOR =1.58, 95% CI = 1.39 to 1.79, p < 0.001), and bachelor’s degree level or higher (AOR =2.21, 95% CI = 1.89 to 2.58, p < 0.001) were more likely to have a good health condition. Respondents who were categorized in the middle wealth index (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.20, p = 0.001), high wealth index (AOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.15, p = 0.014), those who had income adequacy (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.86 to 2.03, p < 0.001), respondents with any savings (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.22, p < 0.001), and those who had social security (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.29, p = 0.010) were more likely to have a good health condition. The government should consider socioeconomic factors, especially education, income, and financial support to reduce the cost of living. In addition, campaigns should be conducted to encourage saving behaviors and a sufficiency economy among members of the low-income population. Investment in public healthcare services and facilities for the elderly, such as public nursing homes and home healthcare services, are also recommended.