Scopus 2026
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Item Metadata only Bee pollen-derived peptide with dual DPP-IV Inhibition and glucose transport modulation(2026-12-01) Mongkolnkrajang U.; Kuptawach K.; Sangtanoo P.; Saisavoey T.; Boonserm P.; Reamtong O.; Srimongkol P.; Karnchanatat A.; Mongkolnkrajang U.; Mahidol UniversityThis study investigates the potential of bee pollen protein hydrolysate (BPPH) as a natural source of bioactive peptides capable of inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. BPPH was generated through pepsin–pancreatin digestion, followed by ultrafiltration and RP-HPLC purification. LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis identified Ala-Thr-His-Ala-Leu-Leu-Ala (ATHALLA, AA-7) as a predominant peptide associated with DPP-IV inhibitory activity. AA-7 exhibited strong DPP-IV inhibitory activity (IC50 = 52.63 ± 2.32 µM) relative to the reference inhibitor diprotin A (IC50 = 22.4 ± 1.29 µM). Molecular docking predicted stable binding of AA-7 within the DPP-IV catalytic pocket, mediated by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with key residues. AA-7 also modulated glucose uptake in Caco-2 cells, influencing SGLT1 and GLUT2 gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Docking analysis suggested potential interactions with selected SGLT1 and GLUT2 residues, providing structural support for the observed cellular responses rather than definitive mechanistic evidence. In silico ADMET analysis indicated poor passive membrane permeability and limited predicted intestinal absorption, along with minimal CYP450 interactions and low predicted toxicity, highlighting potential pharmacokinetic limitations while supporting a favorable safety profile. These findings highlight AA-7 as a dual-action peptide with demonstrated DPP-IV inhibitory activity and the ability to modulate glucose transport in vitro, supporting the potential of bee-pollen-derived peptides for glycemic regulation and functional food or nutraceutical applications.Item Metadata only Chlorinated Paraffins in Global Air: First Results from the GAPS and GAPS-Megacities Networks(2026-02-13) Saini A.; Kutarna S.; Niu S.; Mohindra M.; Schuster J.K.; Mastin J.; Eng A.; Harner T.; Yates A.; Sweetman A.J.; Jiménez B.; Manzano C.A.; Gaga E.O.; Stevenson G.; Alharbi H.A.; Falandysz J.; Lee J.E.; Miglioranza K.S.B.; Tominaga M.; Jariyasopit N.; Rojas N.Y.; Amador-Muñoz O.; Forbes P.; Alani R.; Iyer S.R.; Lee S.B.; Nishino T.; Shoeib T.; Jans U.; Qiu X.; Cheng Z.; Saini A.; Mahidol UniversityThis study presents the first global data set of measured chlorinated paraffins (CPs), including short-chain (SCCPs), medium-chain (MCCPs), and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs) in ambient air, derived from a single coordinated sampling network, i.e., the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) network, using a passive sampling approach. Concentrations exhibited pronounced regional disparities, with the combined levels in two megacities─Lagos, Nigeria (512,000 pg/m3) and Beijing, China (258,000 pg/m3) exceeding by more than 1.5-fold the combined total levels observed across the rest of the world (∼459,000 pg/m3). Evidence of long-range atmospheric transport was observed at remote sites in western Canada (Little Fox Lake and Whistler), influenced by trans-Pacific air trajectories during the sampling period. These findings underscore the substantial global heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of CPs and the heavily disproportionate contributions of a few regions. Notably, the major producers/emitters, such as China, had several years of delay in ratifying the SCCP listing under the Stockholm Convention (Annex A, elimination since 2017 for congeners with > 48% chlorine content), and some countries have yet to ratify. Without the timely implementation of regulatory measures in these jurisdictions, global concentrations are expected to remain stagnant or even increase if emissions persist at current levels. These results further suggest that substantial time lags are likely before measurable declines in SCCP concentrations, and potentially in recently listed MCCPs, are observed even in regions where control measures are already in place. Hence, this global data set serves as a baseline for future assessments of temporal and spatial trends.Item Metadata only Low necessity, high overuse: revisiting empirical vancomycin practices for children in low MRSA prevalence settings(2026-12-01) Nithirungruang P.; Techasaensiri C.; Boonsathorn S.; Chaisavaneeyakorn S.; Apiwattanakul N.; Nithirungruang P.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: The overuse of vancomycin as empirical therapy ranged from 62% to 66% worldwide, while the prevalence of proven infections requiring vancomycin was only 11% to 27%. Evidence from Thailand where the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is low and remains limited. This study aimed to determine the incidence of confirmed infections requiring vancomycin as definitive therapy among children aged 1 month-18 years receiving vancomycin as empirical therapy, and to identify factors associated with vancomycin necessity. Methods: A single-centre retrospective cohort study was performed, which included 532 children receiving at least one dose of vancomycin as empirical therapy at a university hospital during 2014–2024. Demographic data, provisional diagnosis, ICU admission, haemodynamic status, presence of central venous catheters, and microbiological results were collected. Factors associated with proven infections requiring vancomycin were determined by multivariable log-binomial regression. Results: Only 29 of 510 (5.68%) patients who had empirical treatment with vancomycin truly needed vancomycin as definitive treatment. Provisional diagnosis of device-associated infection, especially cerebrospinal fluid shunt (RR 6.97, 95%CI 2.92–16.63), and intra-abdominal infection following liver transplantation (RR 4.95, 95%CI 1.97–12.48), were significantly associated with proven infections requiring vancomycin in multivariable analysis. Febrile neutropenia, haemodynamic instability, and the presence of central venous catheters were not significantly associated with vancomycin necessity in univariate analysis. Conclusions: In a setting with a low prevalence of MRSA infection, most patients who received empirical vancomycin were subsequently found not to require it, highlighting the potential for more targeted empirical vancomycin use, such as patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunts or post-liver transplantation intra-abdominal infections.Item Metadata only Tamoxifen Reduces Breast Cancer Recurrence in Women with DCIS Who Underwent Mastectomy(2026-02-01) Sae-sim N.; Samarnthai N.; Numprasit W.; Sae-sim N.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Adjuvant tamoxifen reduces recurrence in patients with ER-positive DCIS treated with lumpectomy and radiation, but its benefit after mastectomy remains unclear. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 287 patients who underwent mastectomy for pure DCIS at Siriraj Hospital between 2008 and 2017. Recurrence risk factors were assessed using log-rank test, and survival probabilities were estimated with Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: Of 180 patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive pure DCIS treated with mastectomy, 120 (66.7%) received tamoxifen, while the remaining 60 (33.3%) did not. The median follow-up was 8.07 years (0.05–13.8 years). Sixteen (8.9%) recurrences were identified, with 5 in the tamoxifen group and 11 in non-endocrine-therapy (ET) group. The 10-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 94.7% in the tamoxifen group compared with 77.9% in the non-ET group. Patients with HR-positive DCIS treated with tamoxifen following mastectomy had significantly less subsequent breast cancer (HR = 0.178; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy for DCIS is rare; however, it carries a high mortality rate for those who relapse. Adjuvant tamoxifen after mastectomy demonstrated a significant reduction in the risk of recurrence in ER-positive DCIS. This study supports the decision to prescribe adjuvant ET in patients with DCIS who underwent mastectomy.Item Metadata only Meaning of work: Gen Z’s perspective(2026-01-01) Sakdiyakorn M.; Golubovskaya M.; Solnet D.; Sakdiyakorn M.; Mahidol UniversityThis study applies Rosso et al.’s (2010) meaningful work pathways to explore how Gen Z workers construct meaning across diverse structural and cultural contexts. Drawing on qualitative data from LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® (LSP) workshops with 105 participants in Thailand and Australia, it examines how young workers navigate autonomy, precarity, and identity within differing socio-economic conditions. Findings reveal that work function as a vehicle of agency and growth through skill development, autonomy, and recognition, yet tensions arise between authenticity and obligation amid economic and cultural pressures. Participants blur boundaries between work and life, viewing both as interconnected sources of purpose and well-being. Cross-cultural and intersectional factors–including familial duty, class, and migration–further shape meaning-making, highlighting the dynamic interplay between individual aspiration and structural constraint.Item Metadata only Thermodynamics of Gamow states gravitationally bound to Reissner-Nordström black hole(2026-03-01) Wadsathorn S.; Senjaya D.; Wadsathorn S.; Mahidol UniversityWe study charged scalar quasibound states in the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole spacetime by combining analytic solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation in ultralight regime Mμ ≪ 1 with quantum resonance theory formulated in a rigged Hilbert space. The resulting complex frequency spectrum describes metastable modes, with the real part giving the energy and the imaginary part determining decay or growth rates. The quasibound states are naturally interpreted as Gamow states associated with an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Building on this spectral description, we develop a thermodynamic framework for the quasibound state as an open quantum system using the Friedrichs model. This construction yields complex, time-dependent thermodynamic quantities, including internal energy, entropy, Helmholtz free energy, heat capacity and heat susceptibility. Interestingly, although the quasibound state entropy may become negative temporarily, the total entropy, when combined with that of the central black hole, remains positive and consistent with the generalised second law.Item Metadata only Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Bacterial Vaginosis and Their Association with Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Women Presenting with Threatened Preterm Labor, Preterm Labor, and Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes(2026-01-01) Chawanpaiboon S.; Pichailuck C.; Kittiyaowamarn R.; Girdthep N.; Praoparotai A.; Chawanpaiboon S.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are sexually transmitted infections implicated in preterm birth and neonatal morbidity. Thailand does not routinely screen for CT and NG antenatally. Their prevalence among women with threatened preterm labor (TPL), preterm labor (PTL), and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of 330 pregnant women with TPL, PTL, or PPROM at 28 weeks 0 days to 36 weeks 6 days of gestation who delivered at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, from 2023 to 2025. Cervical and vaginal swabs underwent nucleic acid amplification testing for CT and NG and were assessed for bacterial vaginosis; maternal and neonatal outcomes were examined using logistic regression. Results: CT prevalence was 5.8% and bacterial vaginosis 8.3%; no NG infection was detected. CT was associated with younger maternal age (P < 0.001) and multiple sexual partners (P = 0.028). CT prevalence was highest in PPROM (12.5%), followed by TPL (5.1%) and PTL (4.5%). CT infection showed a nonsignificant trend toward higher intrapartum fever (12.5% vs 3.5%; P = 0.130). Although overall low birth weight rates were similar, CT-positive cases had more very low birth weight infants (< 2000 g: 25.0% vs 10.6%; P = 0.108). Apgar scores and neonatal intensive care unit admission were similar between groups. Bacterial vaginosis was not associated with preterm subtype or maternal or neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Although Chlamydia trachomatis infection was relatively uncommon, it showed a trend toward higher rates of intrapartum fever and very low birth weight (<2000 g) among women with preterm conditions. CT infection was more frequently detected at earlier gestational ages and was most common in women presenting with PPROM. Risk-based CT screening in women presenting with TPL, PTL, or PPROM may facilitate early detection and prevention of infection-related preterm morbidity. Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20221118005; date of registration: November 16, 2022; date of initial participant enrollment: June 2023.Item Metadata only Efficacy and Safety of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Combination Treatment for Neck Rejuvenation in Thailand: A Prospective Study(2026-02-01) de Leon S.T.; Zabala D.A.; Viriyaskultorn N.; Buranaporn P.; Bhorntarakcharoen W.; Hutachoke T.; Leesanguankul T.; Wannawittayapa T.; Tantrapongsathorn W.; Sittiwanaruk S.; Wanitphakdeedecha R.; de Leon S.T.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: Combined platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid (PRP-HA) offers a promising nonsurgical technique for tissue regeneration through synergistic efficacy and longevity effects. This study aims to investigate PRP-HA’s efficacy and safety for neck rejuvenation. Methods: This 32-week prospective trial enrolled 30 Thai participants with mild-to-moderate neck aging. Treatment consisted of three monthly intradermal PRP-HA injections to the anterior neck surface, with follow-ups at 2 weeks, and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months posttreatment completion. Assessment included skin firmness, elasticity, biometric parameters, pain scores, and adverse effects. Results: Of 29 completing participants, neck skin firmness improved 54% from baseline at 3-month posttreatment completion, increasing to 65% at 6 months (p < 0.0001). While gross elasticity initially improved at 1 month posttreatment (p = 0.0217); it subsequently declined. The 6-month follow-up showed substantial reductions in melanin and erythema (p < 0.01). Sustained improvements were observed in hydration through study completion (p < 0.01). Sebum levels decreased significantly after the first two treatments and at 3 months posttreatment (p < 0.05). No significant changes appeared in skin texture, wrinkles, and brightness. Most participants reported 51–75% improvement after the third treatment, maintaining through 6 months. No severe adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: PRP-HA demonstrates safe and effective improvements in neck skin firmness, hydration, and pigment and sebum regulation, with benefits lasting 6 months after three treatment sessions. However, variable effects on elasticity and modest results on wrinkles, texture, and brightness warrant further controlled trials to further elucidate and confirm its rejuvenative properties on the neck. Trial Registration: This trial is registered under the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20230212003).Item Metadata only Enhancing agreement in cardiotocography interpretation between midwives and obstetricians through a rule-based AI program: A comparative cross-sectional study(2026-01-01) Kaewsrinual S.; Homdee N.; Rekhawasin Pinnington T.; Surasereewong S.; Chanprapaph P.; Kaewsrinual S.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: To evaluate whether a rule-based artificial intelligence (AI) program can enhance interrater agreement in cardiotocography (CTG) interpretation between nurse–midwives and obstetricians. Methods: CTG data from 50 singleton pregnancies at ≥32 weeks of gestation were used to develop a rule-based AI program based on National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 2008 guidelines, with content validity confirmed (item–objective congruence = 0.85). A 22-item CTG test representing NICHD categories I to III was generated using a local obstetrician consensus reference standard, defined as ≥70% agreement among seven obstetricians. Twenty nurse–midwives interpreted the same CTG tracings twice, before and after AI support, with a 1- to 2-month interval, while obstetricians completed the test once to establish the reference standard. Interrater agreement was evaluated relative to this local expert consensus, rather than neonatal outcomes or an external gold standard, using quadratic weighted kappa for ordinal data and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for continuous data. Interpretation time and user satisfaction were also assessed. Results: AI support significantly improved agreement across all ordinal parameters. Agreement on NICHD category interpretation increased from moderate (κ = 0.548) to almost perfect (κ = 0.906, P < 0.001). Improvements were also observed for baseline variability (κ = 0.459 to 0.853), fetal heart rate category (κ = 0.669 to 0.868), prolonged decelerations (κ = 0.719 to 0.963), and acceleration count (κ = 0.482 to 0.723). ICCs for variable and late decelerations improved from poor to good (0.328 to 0.725 and 0.304 to 0.676, respectively), whereas early decelerations remained low. Interpretation time decreased by a mean of 6.7 min with AI support (P < 0.001). Most midwives reported high satisfaction, with 70% strongly agreeing on its clinical utility. Conclusion: This exploratory study suggests that a rule-based AI program was associated with improved interrater agreement between midwives and obstetricians and reduced CTG interpretation time, with high user satisfaction. These preliminary findings warrant confirmation in larger studies to assess generalizability and to determine whether improved agreement translates into better perinatal outcomes, which were not assessed in this study.Item Metadata only Efficacy of intravenous parecoxib in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a randomized controlled trial(2026-01-01) Kunlayawutipong T.; Charoenrit T.; Jongraksak T.; Wong T.; Netinatsunton N.; Attasaranya S.; Yaowmaneerat T.; Sottisuporn J.; Assawasuwannakit S.; Nawalerspanya S.; Sawathanon S.; Sripongpun P.; Pattarapuntakul T.; Kunlayawutipong T.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous (IV) parecoxib in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis and clinically significant post-ERCP abdominal pain in patients undergoing their first ERCP. Methods: Participants undergoing ERCP with a native papilla were randomly assigned to receive intravenous parecoxib plus standard IV fluid or standard IV fluid alone. Data on patient characteristics, initial serum bilirubin levels, procedural techniques, papilla type, and endoscopic risk factors were collected. The incidence rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis, hyperamylasemia, and post-ERCP abdominal pain were compared between the groups. Results: A total of 83 and 82 patients were included in the parecoxib and control groups, respectively. There were no significant between-group differences in comorbidities, pre-procedure risks, or baseline laboratory results. The most common diagnosis after ERCP was bile duct stones (62%). The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis was 2.4% in the parecoxib group and 11.0% in the control group (p = 0.058). The incidence of post-ERCP abdominal pain was significantly lower in the parecoxib group than in the control group at both 4 h (26.5% vs. 52.4%, p = 0.001) and 24 h (6.0% vs. 20.7%, p = 0.011) after the procedure. Conclusions: Intravenous parecoxib was effective in reducing post-ERCP abdominal pain and showed a trend toward a lower incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in both unselected and high-risk patients, without any serious adverse events. Therefore, intravenous parecoxib may represent a viable alternative for PEP prevention in settings where rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are unavailable.Item Metadata only Predictive accuracy of the h-index in predicting field-weighted citation impact across disciplines(2026-01-01) Srisawad S.; Lertsittiphan K.; Saenkla P.; Tunsirirut S.; Srisawad S.; Mahidol UniversityThis study analyzed bibliometric data to evaluate the predictive accuracy of various author-related characteristics and quality indicators in relation to the field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) of research articles. It especially focused on articles with an FWCI of 1 or above, which is considered at or above the global average. Data were collected from published research articles on the Scopus database between 2019 and 2020 by leading universities in Thailand and Malaysia. Articles were categorized into four groups: Medicine; Environment and Agricultural Sciences; Engineering & Computer Sciences; and Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities. To assess predictive accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was analyzed, and the optimal cut-off point was identified. The AUC results for predicting FWCI based on first authors’ h-index ranged from 0.63 to 0.71, which was similar to predictions of the most impactful authors’ h-index (AUC = 0.62 − 0.69). While the optimal h-index cut-off point for Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities was lower than those for other fields, the optimal cut-off points for first authors and high-impact authors significantly differed. Both were found accurate. The findings indicate that research strategies at the university level should focus on promoting collaboration among high-potential researchers and encouraging emerging researchers to become principal investigators.Item Metadata only Cesarean Section Trend in a University Hospital in Thailand(2026-01-01) Boriboonhirunsarn D.; Boriboonhirunsarn D.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: An increasing trend of cesarean section (CS) rates has been observed worldwide, including Thailand. Various interventions to decrease unnecessary CS have been implemented as per recommendations. This study is aimed at evaluating a trend in CS rate during a 42-month period in a university-based tertiary care hospital in Thailand. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, women who delivered at Siriraj Hospital between January 2021 and June 2024 were included. Those with private services were excluded. All women were categorized into 10 groups according to Robson classification. Overall and group-specific CS rates and their contribution to CS rate were evaluated. Trend of CS rate was evaluated by locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) method. Results: Of 13,645 deliveries, 2868 had private services, leaving 10,777 deliveries included in the analysis. Overall CS rate was 42.9% (95% CI: 42.1%–43.8%) and did not significantly change during the study period. Women in Groups 1 and 5 had the highest CS contribution of 25%–27%. Overall CS rate in Group 1 was 33.9% and the rates did not change significantly but showed a slight decrease to 31.4% in 2024. The LOESS regression showed that overall CS rate slightly increased during 2021, slightly decreased during 2022, and remained relatively stable during 2023 and 2024 at approximately 43%. CS rate in Group 1 slightly decreased during 2021, slightly increased during 2022, and a more obvious decrease during 2023–2024 was observed. Conclusion: Over a 42-month period, a relatively stable high overall CS rate of 42.9% was observed, with the highest contribution from women in Groups 1 and 5 of the Robson classification. For women in Group 1, the CS rate showed a notable decrease during 2023–2024.Item Metadata only Defining exposure for estimating the global burden of alcohol consumption: plausibility testing of WHO methodology using ASEAN countries as a case study(2026-12-01) Rehm J.; Amul G.G.H.; Assanangkornchai S.; Chaiyasong S.; Correia D.; Hairi N.N.; Hanafi E.; Hassan A.S.; Htet K.K.K.; Low W.Y.; Medina J.R.C.; Nontarak J.; Ong S.K.; Rovira P.; Siste K.; Sornpaisarn B.; Sychareun V.; Tong W.T.; Vichitkunakorn P.; Yi S.; Zayar N.N.; Shield K.; Rehm J.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Comparative risk assessments (CRAs) provide important information for shaping alcohol control policies. Underlying their CRAs, the WHO uses a standardised methodology to assess and detail the levels of alcohol use for all countries and for various regions. This publication uses a case study approach on the member states of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to examine potential biases resulting from the methodology employed by the WHO in calculating exposure values for their CRAs. Methods: Researchers from each of the 10 ASEAN member states identified large population surveys to improve upon the data collected by the WHO monitoring systems to estimate exposure between 2000 and 2022. From these surveys and aggregate data, key indicators were created for each Member State using WHO standardised methodology. Steps were defined to test for implausible values, particularly for the indicator for average level of alcohol consumption among drinkers. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to identify possible causes of these values. Finally, we compared the results of the implausibility checks with two other regions, the European Union (EU) and the East African Community (EAC), based on data collected by the WHO. Results: The indicator for average volume of alcohol consumption among drinkers showed implausibly high values for three ASEAN countries, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam. Further simulations based on assumptions regarding the prevalence of people with heavy or very heavy drinking levels further corroborated a likely bias. An examination of the constituents of the indicator revealed that the bias for Thailand could be due to responses received to survey questions regarding alcohol abstention, in which a high number of respondents claimed no consumption of alcohol over the past year. For the Lao PDR and Viet Nam, the same problem with survey respondent self-reports on alcohol consumption may exist, but we cannot exclude the possibility that answers to the survey question regarding unrecorded alcohol may also have contributed. Investigations of two further regions of the world also showed some implausible values, albeit to a smaller degree for the EU. Conclusions: Plausibility testing of key monitoring indicators is important and yields important information for improving future monitoring efforts.Item Metadata only Photogrammetric Reconstruction of 3D Human Anatomical Structures and Augmented Reality via Smartphone Technology(2026-01-01) Phukwantong S.; Ma-imjai P.; Jitaree B.; Prommahom A.; Phukwantong S.; Mahidol UniversityLimited access to cadavers necessitates the availability of digital resources for anatomy education. Smartphone-based photogrammetry offers a promising solution for creating three-dimensional (3D) and augmented reality (AR) models. This study compared two mobile photogrammetry applications (Qlone and Polycam) that have been used in modern anatomical education. Human cadaveric specimens were prepared and scanned using an iPhone 12 equipped with each application. Initially, a structured qualitative assessment of the applications and their outputs was performed by three experts using a Likert scale, considering image quality, medical utility, and technical factors. After selecting the superior application, diverse anatomical specimens were reconstructed into 3D/AR models. Nine clinical anatomy experts used a Likert scale to rate 20 selected models in four areas: realism, clarity, completeness, and educational value. The comparative analysis indicated that Polycam is significantly superior to Qlone in 3D realism, resolution, shape fidelity, and educational value, despite Qlone's strengths in cost and processing speed. Polycam was then used to create high-fidelity 3D models of complex structures, which were refined and uploaded to a web-based platform. Experts scored the models as “good” to “excellent” in all four evaluation domains, with particularly high scores for anatomical realism in bones and solid organs. In conclusion, the Polycam application is useful for creating high-quality 3D/AR models of human anatomy. These digital resources maintain anatomical accuracy and enable immersive learning, making them an invaluable supplement to traditional dissection in medical schools.Item Metadata only CD138-targeted bispecific protein engager-armed T cells exhibit potent and selective cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma cells(2026-04-01) Songprakhon P.; Luangwattananun P.; Choomee K.; Sawasdee N.; Somboonpatarakun C.; Chieochansin T.; Sukpanichnant S.; Junking M.; Okada S.; Yenchitsomanus P.T.; Songprakhon P.; Mahidol UniversityMultiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that remains incurable, with most patients eventually relapsing or developing resistance to available therapies. Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) have shown promise by redirecting T cells to target and kill tumor cells; however, their clinical application is hindered by a short in vivo half-life, the need for high dosing, and treatment-related toxicities. To address these limitations, bispecific protein engager-armed T cells (BATs) have been developed as a novel cell-based immunotherapy platform that enhances antigen specificity and in vivo persistence. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor efficacy of BATs targeting CD138, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan highly expressed on MM cells and associated with disease progression. BATs were generated by arming T cells with an anti-CD138 × anti-CD3 bispecific protein engager (BiPE), and their antitumor activity was assessed through counting bead technique and flow cytometry. CD138-specific BATs exhibited potent cytotoxicity against CD138-positive MM.1R cells, achieving up to 89.62 ± 2.22% cell lysis after 48 h of co-culture, significantly surpassing the activity of unarmed T cells (33.04 ± 6.57% lysis). Additionally, BATs induced robust expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine and cytolytic mediators, including perforin, granzyme A/B, soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), and TNF-α, indicating effective antigen-specific activation. Importantly, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ remained at low levels, suggesting a favorable safety profile. These findings support the therapeutic potential of CD138-targeted BATs as a promising and potentially safer cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of MM.Item Metadata only A Subset of Circulating Hemocytes Expresses Genes Indicating Neural Precursor Identity(2026-12-01) Kruangkum T.; Söderhäll K.; Söderhäll I.; Kruangkum T.; Mahidol UniversityAdult neurogenesis in crayfish has been shown to require progenitors from an external source linked with the hematopoietic system, and some hemocyte (blood cell) types are attracted to a neurogenic niche in the brain. By using multiplex RNA-FISH techniques we have for the first time detected specific neural lineage marker transcripts expressed together in a small proportion of the circulating hemocytes (around 1%). This finding agrees with and confirms that there is only a small proportion of hemocytes which can develop further into neurons. Interestingly, these transcripts were co-expressed in the same cell as well as sometimes together with the transcript of the serotonin receptor 1 (5htr1+). Moreover, we could also show that several treatments, including serotonin, astakine, and lipopolysaccharide, as well as an acute brain injury, could induce a greater proportion of such neural marker positive hemocytes in the circulation as a response to these stimuli. Cells expressing neural lineage marker transcripts were also detected in the HPT, the hemocyte producing organ. Such neural lineage marker positive cells were shown to be present in the hemocyte-associated vascular plexus and the perineurial glia-like cells of the brain. These findings, therefore, for the first time demonstrate that the neural lineage markers are expressed in a distinct population of crustacean hemocytes, and provide additional molecular evidence that reinforces the hypothesis that these hemocytes may function as neural precursors in adult neurogenesis.Item Metadata only Correction to: Outcomes of Multidisciplinary and Evidence-Based Management of Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia Patients: The Impacts of Protocol-Based Care Processes(2026-01-01) Hahtapornsawan S.; Piancharoensin R.; Wanitkun N.; Hongku K.; Puangpunngam N.; Hahtapornsawan S.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Impact of alcohol excise taxation and structural reforms on per capita consumption in Thailand, 1995–2021: an interrupted time-series analysis(2026-04-01) Zayar N.N.; Vichitkunakorn P.; Aekplakorn W.; Chaiyasong S.; Correia D.; Hassan A.S.; Htet K.K.K.; Nontarak J.; Patanavanich R.; Rovira P.; Shield K.; Sornpaisarn B.; Saengow U.; Wichaidit W.; Assanangkornchai S.; Rehm J.; Zayar N.N.; Mahidol UniversityBackground Alcohol taxation is a highly effective alcohol control policy, but adjustments for inflation and affordability are essential to sustain its impact. Between 1996 and 2017, Thailand implemented 11 excise tax increases and two structural reforms. This study examines the combined effects of these changes on alcohol consumption over time. Methods Interrupted time-series analyses, adjusting for autocorrelation and seasonality, were conducted using monthly recorded adult alcohol per capita consumption (APC) data from January 1995 to December 2021. We assessed the impact of tax increase policies that affected more than 15 % of the total alcohol market, and two structural reforms. Increases in 1997–98 were combined due to their temporal proximity. Results Excise tax increases in January 1997, March 2001, and September 2007 were associated with reductions in APC of 9.7 % (95 % CI: 4.1 %, 15.0 %), 4.8 % (95 % CI: -0.9 %, 10.2 %), and 6.7 % (95 % CI: 0.6 %, 12.3 %), respectively. Structural reforms in 2013 and 2017 had on average larger effects, reducing APC by 9.3 % (95 % CI: 1.1 %, 16.8 %) and 23.0 % (95 % CI: 14.5 %, 30.6 %), respectively. Modelling indicates that without these taxation policies, total recorded APC between 1995 and 2021 could have been on average 0.56 litres (L) higher in each year, and 1.99 L higher by 2021. Conclusion Alcohol excise taxation (i.e., excise tax increases and structural reforms) significantly reduced APC in Thailand. Future taxation policies should include automatic adjustments for changes in inflation and/or disposable household income to sustain their long-term public health impact.Item Metadata only A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine versus placebo plus ondansetron and dexamethasone for antiemetic prophylaxis in patients receiving oxaliplatin-, irinotecan-, or carboplatin-based chemotherapy(2026-03-01) Harikul W.; Nimmannit A.; Laocharoenkeat A.; Phisalprapa P.; Kositamongkol C.; Thongkijpreecha P.; Ithimakin S.; Harikul W.; Mahidol UniversityPurpose: A two-drug regimen of palonosetron and dexamethasone is standard for moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC), including oxaliplatin and irinotecan. Current guidelines recommend adding an NK1 receptor antagonist for carboplatin-based or MEC in patients with high-risk features. Given the comparable efficacy of olanzapine, this study evaluated the effectiveness of low-dose olanzapine (OLN, 5 mg) combined with ondansetron and dexamethasone in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, patients initiating oxaliplatin-, carboplatin-, or irinotecan-based chemotherapy were randomized 1:1 to receive OLN or placebo on Days 1–4, with ondansetron and dexamethasone. Randomization was stratified by chemotherapy type and high-risk factors (female aged < 50 years). The primary endpoint was total protection (mild/no nausea, no vomiting, and no rescue therapy) within 120 h post-chemotherapy. Secondary endpoints included total control, complete response, nausea/vomiting severity, rescue use, adverse events, and patient satisfaction. Results: Among 139 evaluable patients, 69 received OLN and 70 received a placebo. Total protection was achieved in 71.0% of OLN patients versus 55.7% with placebo (p = 0.06). Total control was significantly higher with OLN (62.3% vs. 38.6%, p = 0.005). Delayed nausea (grade ≥ 2) occurred less frequently with OLN (13.0% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.015). Complete response and rescue use did not differ between groups. Somnolence rates were similar, but anorexia was less familiar with OLN. Notably, 95.6% of OLN patients preferred to continue the same regimen, compared with 72.9% of placebo recipients (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Olanzapine (5 mg) combined with ondansetron and dexamethasone was associated with a moderate improvement in total protection and significant improvements in no-nausea and total control rates.Item Metadata only Phytobiotics as Natural Anesthetics: Applications in Aquaculture Handling and Welfare(2026-01-01) Kashmira Rajesh Palekar G.; Tukaram Kamble M.; Vijay Medhe S.; Ramdas Chavan B.; Vishakha Yeshwant Daunde V.; Kumar A.; Ponpornpisit A.; Pirarat N.; Kashmira Rajesh Palekar G.; Mahidol UniversityThe use of anesthetics in aquaculture is essential for reducing stress and ensuring the welfare of aquatic animals during routine procedures such as handling, transport, tagging, and treatment. With increasing concerns over the safety, cost, and environmental impact of synthetic anesthetics, phytobiotic compounds derived from medicinal plants have emerged as promising natural alternatives. This chapter explores the anesthetic properties of various essential oils and plant-based compounds, their mechanisms of action, species-specific responses, and the advantages they offer in terms of biodegradability, minimal residue, and compatibility with sustainable aquaculture practices. Advances in formulation technologies, including nanoemulsions and lipid-based carriers, have further improved the delivery and efficacy of phytobiotic anesthetics. The chapter also discusses regulatory, ethical, and economic perspectives, highlighting research gaps and priorities for future investigation. Overall, phytobiotics represent a viable and welfare-friendly solution for anesthesia in aquaculture, with growing potential for commercial adoption.