Scopus 2026
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Item Metadata only Cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies for non-displaced osteoporotic femoral neck fractures in older adults in Ontario, Canada(2026-05-01) Ruangsomboon P.; Huang Y.Q.; Ruangsomboon O.; Tam D.; Zywiel M.; Ravi B.; Naimark D.M.J.; Ruangsomboon P.; Mahidol UniversityAims: This economic evaluation study assessed the cost-effectiveness of six treatment strategies for non-displaced osteoporotic femoral neck fractures (NDFNFs) in older adults using a Markov cohort model from the Ontario, Canada, public payer perspective. Methods: A probabilistic Markov chain Monte Carlo decision analysis model was developed to compare six strategies: 1) cemented femoral fixation total hip arthroplasty (THA; hybrid, cemented femoral component/uncemented cup - 'cemented THA'); 2) cementless THA; 3) cemented hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA); 4) cementless HHA; 5) internal fixation (IF); and 6) conservative treatment. The base case cohort consisted of Canadian patients presenting with a NDFNF aged 65 years, modelled with a lifetime horizon. Outcomes included quality-adjusted life-months (QALMs), lifetime costs (discounted at 1.5% annually), net monetary benefits (NMBs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). All costs are presented in Canadian dollars (CAD, $). The cost-effectiveness threshold (λ) was $4,166.67 per QALM. The primary outcome measure was expected NMBs, and the preferred strategy was the one with the highest expected NMBs over the lifetime horizon. Results: The estimated mean costs were $6,054 (IF), $11,995 (cemented THA), $11,011 (cemented HHA), $11,854 (cementless HHA), $15,405 (cementless THA), and $7,617 (conservative treatment). Cemented THA yielded the highest QALMs (192.7). Cemented THA had the highest NMB ($790,784). Cementless THA, cementless HHA, and conservative treatment were absolutely dominated while cemented HHA was extendedly dominated. After excluding dominated strategies, the ICER for cemented THA compared with IF was $127.5 per QALM, indicating that cemented THA is cost-effective relative to IF. At a λ of $4,166.67 per QALM, cemented THA was the most cost-effective strategy in 48.7% of simulations, followed by cemented HHA (31.2%) and IF (17.9%). Conclusion: Cemented femoral fixation THA is the most preferred strategy (highest expected NMB at λ) for NDFNFs in 65-year-old patients. When evaluated against a λ of $4,166.67 per QALM, cemented THA outperforms cementless THA, HHA, IF, and conservative treatment.Item Metadata only Enhanced adenoviral reactivity in Guillain-Barré syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination(2026-05-01) Bellanti R.; Iserte A.C.; Johnson C.B.; Goodfellow J.; Johnson M.; Dejnirattisai W.; Keddie S.; Campo J.J.; Screaton G.; Goldblatt D.; Lunn M.P.; Davies A.J.; Rinaldi S.; Bellanti R.; Mahidol UniversityCase reports and series suggested an association between SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, the GBS epidemic which was predicted from early risk estimates did not materialize in overall case numbers, and no plausible mechanism for any link has been established. An increased risk of GBS following adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccination has been more consistently demonstrated, but a pathophysiological explanation for this association has also not yet emerged. Here, we sought to identify whether patients with GBS following COVID-19 infection or vaccination had any distinct clinical or serological features differentiating them from one another or non-pandemic GBS, and to explore the potential mechanisms of any associations. Between March 2020 and October 2021, sera from patients with GBS (n = 64) and controls (n = 70) were collected. Clinical features were retrieved from medical records. GBS cases were evaluated for diagnostic certainty by Brighton criteria and classified as non-COVID-19 associated (GBS-NC, n = 20), GBS after COVID-19 infection (GBS-AC, n = 10), or GBS after COVID-19 vaccination (GBS-AV, n = 34). The humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 proteins and putative peripheral nerve antigens, and the cytokine profile of each group were established and compared. Antibodies cloned from the acute-phase plasmablasts of an individual with GBS-AC were also assessed for reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 and peripheral nerve antigens. Sera from GBS patients and from individuals who received COVID-19 vaccinations (n = 36: 16 ChAdOx1, 10 Ad26.COV2.S/Janssen and 10 tozinameran/Pfizer–BioNTech) without developing GBS were tested for IgG reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 and adenoviral proteins. There were no clinical differences between the GBS groups. Patients with GBS-AC had a greater IgG reactivity to the S1 component of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein compared to non-GBS COVID-19 controls. A minority of antibodies from cloned plasmablasts targeted SARS-CoV-2 proteins but there was no reactivity or cross reactivity with peripheral nerve antigens or tissue. There were no other serological or immunological differences between the GBS groups. However, when compared to uncomplicated vaccine recipients, GBS patients in toto, and each group individually, demonstrated significantly greater antibody reaction to a range of human adenoviral proteins. Compared to controls exposed to the same immunological stimulus, antibody reactivities to viral antigens are enhanced in patients with GBS. However, we found no mechanistic link between S1 and peripheral nerve reactivity or pathology. Serological responses to adenoviral proteins may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome, potentially contributing to cases with currently unexplained aetiology.Item Metadata only Activation of host endogenous reverse transcriptase in response to white spot syndrome virus infection in Penaeus monodon(2026-07-01) Wongkhaluang P.; Taengchaiyaphum S.; Wongpim T.; Sukthaworn S.; Nakayama H.; Thitamadee S.; Sritunyalucksana K.; Wongkhaluang P.; Mahidol UniversityIt was first hypothesized in 2009 that endogenous host reverse transcriptase (eRT) arising from retrotransposon elements in arthropod genomes would be critical for defense against viral pathogens in crustaceans and insects. This was not proven until 2016 in insects. In the succeeding 20 years, insect studies have confirmed the eRT role in antiviral defenses that result in tolerated, persistent infections via viral accommodation mechanisms (VAM). In insects, eRT transcribes viral RNA fragments into viral copy DNA (vcDNA) in both linear (lvcDNA) and circular (cvcDNA) forms. These, in turn, give rise to small interfering RNA (siRNA) fragments to feed the host RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism. At the same time, some vcDNA fragments are integrated into the host genome as endogenous viral elements (EVE), that can also give rise to siRNA. Studies with shrimp have progressed more slowly but results so far have mimicked those revealed with insects. Here we describe the presence and functional activity of a 5383 bp-RT-related gene from a retrotransposon in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon upon challenge with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). It encompasses four conserved domains of protease (retropepsin), reverse transcriptase (RT-RNase H), transposase, and integrase as a single ORF of 1248 deduced amino acids. The recombinant protein of a conserved 408–amino acid RT-RNase H domain, designated as Pm-eRT was expressed and found to possess reverse transcriptase activity. During WSSV infection, Pm-eRT was upregulated in shrimp hemocytes and pleopods and DNA/RNA hybrids in hemocytes were detected. The DNA/RNA hybrid signals were translocated from the plasma membrane to the nuclear membrane in the shrimp that survived WSSV infection with low viral loads. Pharmacological inhibition of Pm-eRT activity using azidothymidine (AZT) resulted in enhanced viral replication and accelerated shrimp mortality. Collectively, these findings support those described for insects, paving the way to further work on details of VAM in shrimp with the ultimate aim of developing genetically viral-tolerant breeding stocks for shrimp cultivation.Item Metadata only Determinants of patient preference for TOETVA versus open thyroidectomy: Patient-reported outcome measures(2026-01-01) Aungsusiripong A.; Pongsapich W.; Pithuksurachai P.; Maneeprasopchoke P.; Aungsusiripong A.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a minimally invasive, scarless technique increasingly adopted in selected centers. However, patient-centered data exploring decision making factors and preferences regarding TOETVA compared with open thyroidectomy remain limited. Methods: We enrolled 90 adults with surgically indicated thyroid nodules who viewed a standardized educational video comparing both techniques. They then completed newly developed, investigator-designed patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) questionnaires assessing factors influencing decision making, perceived benefits, acceptable trade-offs, costs, and recovery expectations. Results: Participants were predominantly female (83.3%) with a mean age of 51.3 ± 15.0 years. Overall, 71% preferred TOETVA. Physician recommendation was the primary determinant, cited by 57.8%. TOETVA was perceived to reduce blood loss and neck stiffness, enhance wound healing, and expedite recovery. Most respondents accepted TOETVA-specific risks only if the risk of hoarseness remained < 5% and surgical site infection < 10%. Additionally, 33% were willing to pay a USD 601–1200 surcharge, and most found hospitalization of ≤ 3 days acceptable. However, a 61% mismatch was observed between preference and actual surgery, mainly due to clinical eligibility, financial issues, or surgeon limitations. In multivariable analysis, TOETVA preference was associated with female sex (OR, 6.14; P = 0.01), younger age (OR, 0.95 per year; P = 0.01), and monthly income ≥ 300 USD (OR, 3.56; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Patients preferred TOETVA for its cosmetic and recovery benefits, but real-world uptake was constrained by clinical, financial, and expertise factors. TOETVA is a feasible option for selected patients.Item Metadata only Phytotherapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants for Atopic Dermatitis: Centella asiatica, Clinacanthus nutans, Senna alata, and Coccinia grandis(2026-01-01) Swangsri T.; Saralamba N.; Swangsri T.; Mahidol UniversityAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with significant global health implications, particularly in low-resource settings. In many Asian countries, traditional herbal medicine remains an integral part of healthcare and presents promising alternatives for managing AD. This review examines the therapeutic potential of four ethnomedicinal plants; Centella asiatica, Clinacanthus nutans, Senna alata, and Coccinia grandis, focusing on their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies highlights key bioactive compounds and underlying mechanisms, demonstrating their efficacy in alleviating AD symptoms and supporting skin barrier restoration. Comparative analysis suggests complementary and potentially synergistic effects across these species, targeting multiple aspects of AD pathophysiology. However, translation into clinical practice is constrained by inconsistent formulations, limited human trials, bioavailability challenges, and regulatory variability. Future directions include the development of standardized extracts, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, integration with conventional therapies, omics-driven precision medicine, and harmonized regulatory frameworks. Collectively, these strategies outline a therapeutic development pipeline for advancing plant-based interventions for AD from traditional use to clinical application.Item Metadata only Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty(2026-01-01) Mitchell B.C.; Dickinson N.J.; Ganokroj P.; Provencher M.T.; Mitchell B.C.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Digital Reference Frame Anchored to the Pedicle Screw–rod Construct for O-arm–Assisted Pedicle Screw Insertion: A Pilot Study(2026-05-01) Mekariya K.; Ruangsangthong C.; Anopas D.; Chotigavanichaya C.; Korwutthikulrangsri E.; Wilartratsami S.; Sutipornpalangkul W.; Luksanapruksa P.; Ruangchainikom M.; Mekariya K.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: Accurate pedicle screw placement reduces neurological injury and complications. Although O-arm navigation improves precision, navigation error and digital reference frame (DRF) instability persist. This study aims to develop and evaluate a novel DRF anchored to the pedicle screw-rod construct as an alternative to spinous process-based attachment for O-arm-assisted pedicle screw insertion. Materials and Methods: This pilot study enrolled patients undergoing O-arm-assisted thoracolumbar pedicular screw instrumentation between November 2024 and February 2025. At each instrumented level, one pedicle screw was placed using the conventional DRF, and the contralateral pedicle screw was placed using the novel pedicle screw-rod-anchored DRF. We compared the 2 DRF systems within each level. Navigational error was defined as the angular deviation between the intraoperative virtual trajectory and the screw position on postoperative computed tomography. Pedicle breaches were identified and graded. Results: Twenty-two patients (110 pedicle screws) were included. The median navigational error did not differ between novel and conventional DRF in axial (2°, P = 0.500) or sagittal (2°, P = 0.070) planes. Subgroup analyses by level and pathology (degenerative, tumor, trauma) showed no significant differences. Minor pedicle breaches (< 2 mm) occurred in 2 screws with the novel DRF and 3 screws with the conventional DRF, all mid-thoracic and without clinical complications. Conclusions: The novel pedicle screw-rod-anchored DRF provides navigational accuracy comparable to the conventional system. These findings support its feasibility as an alternative reference frame for O-arm-guided spinal procedures when spinous process fixation is limited.Item Metadata only Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Enhanced Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Prevention Program in General Medicine Wards, Siriraj Hospital(2026-04-15) Taweesuk A.; Rattanaumpawan P.; Rachakhom S.; Wangchinda W.; Assanasen S.; Thamlikitkul V.; Taweesuk A.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonization is a major risk factor for infection. Most infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies rely on private-room isolation, but evidence of their effectiveness in resource-limited settings is scarce. Methods: From February to October 2021, we conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 6 general medical wards at Siriraj Hospital, enrolling adults with ≥1 CRE risk factor. Wards were randomized to standard infection control care (sIC) or an enhanced CRE prevention program (eIC) comprising sIC plus monthly staff education, real-time notifications of CRE acquisition, and contact-precaution reminders. Active stool/rectal CRE surveillance was performed at enrollment and weekly. Primary outcomes were the CRE acquisition incidence and CRE acquisition–free time. Results: A total of 363 patients were included: 174 in the intervention group (1684 patient-days) and 189 in the control group (1517 patient-days). The cumulative incidence of CRE acquisition was slightly lower in the intervention group (36.8% vs 46.6%; P = .06), with a significantly lower incidence rate per patient-day (0.038 vs 0.058; P = .007). In a post hoc analysis excluding acquisitions within 24 hours, the cumulative incidence was similar between groups (25.7% vs 33.6%; P = .16). The probability of remaining CRE-free showed an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.72 [95% CI, 0.52–1.00; P = .05]. After adjusting for prior antibiotic use, the adjusted HR was 0.75 [95% CI, 0.54–1.05; P = .09]. There were no differences in all-cause mortality or length of hospital stay. Conclusions: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales acquisition incidence was high in this setting. The enhanced CRE prevention program tended to reduce CRE acquisition and prolong CRE-free survival. Larger studies are needed to explore benefits on morbidity and mortality.Item Metadata only Morphological and molecular insights into diversity of Brevitrygon (Elasmobranchii, Myliobatiformes, Dasyatidae) in Thai waters(2026-01-01) Wongmanee P.; Khudamrongsawat J.; Krajangdara T.; Senanan W.; Panithanarak T.; Karuwancharoen R.; Klangnurak W.; Wongmanee P.; Mahidol UniversityStingrays of the genus Brevitrygon in Thailand are captured as bycatch in fisheries, and a proportion of the catch is used for local consumption, but information on their biodiversity remains limited. This study examines the diversity of Brevitrygon species collected from the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. A total of 148 specimens were morphologically identified as either Brevitrygon heterura (Bleeker, 1852) or Brevitrygon cf. imbricata, based on diagnostic characters. Morphometric analysis revealed that all specimens more closely resembled B. heterura, with no significant differences between morphotypes or sexes. Genetic analysis based on COI sequences from 39 samples further supported these results. All samples grouped within the B. heterura clade with strong bootstrap support and formed two distinct genetic subgroups corresponding tothe Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. The mean intraspecific divergence (1.08%) fell within the expected range for population-level variation in elasmobranchs, with interspecific divergence from other Brevitrygon species exceeding 9%. These results indicate that B. heterura in Thai waters likely represents a single species. While both morphometric and genetic data suggest regional differentiation, the observed variation falls within the normal range for a single species, providing no evidence of cryptic diversity. This study underscores the value of integrating morphological and molecular data to better understand population structure and taxonomy in stingrays.Item Metadata only Capturing Catalysis: Structural Insights into the Acyl-Enzyme Intermediate of Priestia megaterium Penicillin G Acylase(2026-01-01) Kaewsasan C.; Rojviriya C.; Oonanant W.; Prathumrat N.; Koinueng W.; Yuvaniyama J.; Kaewsasan C.; Mahidol UniversityPenicillin G acylase (PGA) is a key biocatalyst in the synthesis of semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotics. We herein report three high-resolution crystal structures of Priestia megaterium PGA (PmPGA), capturing the enzyme in distinct catalytic states: the ligand-free form, the enzyme–product complex (PmPGA–PAA), and the covalent acyl-enzyme intermediate (PmPGA–PAX). These structures provide direct structural evidence for the proposed two-step catalytic mechanism and offer insights into the roles of active-site residues and water molecules in catalysis. The nucleophilic Ser1β, whose catalytic role is well established, is activated by its α-amino group and stabilized by Gln23β and Asn245β, while Ala69β and Asn245β form the oxyanion hole. Water molecules at the Wat1 position appear to mediate proton transfer and nucleophilic attack during acylation and deacylation, respectively. Structural comparisons with Escherichia coli PGA (EcPGA) highlight both conserved features and adaptations in PmPGA, including a shorter active-site loop and a second calcium-binding site. Notably, PmPGA selectively recognizes the side chain of its substrate rather than the β-lactam core, suggesting a distinct substrate specificity that can be leveraged for the design of tailored biocatalysts. These findings deepen our understanding of Ntn hydrolase catalysis and establish PmPGA as a promising scaffold for engineering next-generation enzymes for β-lactam antibiotic synthesis.Item Metadata only Five new species of the pill millipede genus Rhopalomeris Verhoeff, 1906 (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from Thailand(2026-02-01) Sapparojpattana P.; Jeratthitikul E.; Siriwut W.; Srisonchai R.; Wesener T.; Sutcharit C.; Likhitrakarn N.; Sapparojpattana P.; Mahidol UniversityAn integrative approach based on morphological characteristics and DNA data from the mitochondrial COI gene has revealed five new species of the pill millipede genus Rhopalomeris Verhoeff, 1906 from Thailand: R. muka Sapparojpattana & Likhitrakarn, sp. nov., R. lentiginosa Sapparojpattana & Likhitrakarn, sp. nov., R. dulcia Sapparojpattana & Likhitrakarn, sp. nov., R. punctata Sapparojpattana & Likhitrakarn, sp. nov., and R. verhoeffi Sapparojpattana & Likhitrakarn, sp. nov. The five new species are distinguishable from their congeners by distinctive color patterns and telopod structure. The interspecific genetic divergences between the new species and other Rhopalomeris species ranged from 7.86 to 13.71%. Intraspecific genetic divergences within these five species ranged from 0 to 4.53%, with the highest divergences found in R. carnifex and R. verhoeffi sp. nov. This is consistent with both the wide distribution range and the significant intraspecific morphological variations observed in these latter two species. Furthermore, the taxonomic scope of R. carnifex in Thailand is reviewed, and intraspecific morphological variations within R. carnifex and R. verhoeffi sp. nov. are discussed. A distribution map, morphological illustrations from SEM, and an updated key to all known Rhopalomeris species are also provided.Item Metadata only Cavernous venous malformation complicated by a secondary spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the eyelid(2026-01-01) Sukon N.; Chokthaweesak W.; Boonyakarnkul S.; Tritanon O.; Waisayarat J.; Putthirangsiwong B.; Sukon N.; Mahidol UniversityPeriorbital and orbital cavernous venous malformations (CVMs) are low-flow vascular malformations, whereas arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) represent high-flow vascular malformations. The authors report a case of a 55-year-old female with no history of prior trauma, presenting with a chronic, progressive, painless, pulsatile left upper eyelid mass. Ophthalmic examination revealed a palpable thrill, and orbital imaging suggested a vascular lesion associated with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) located in the left upper eyelid. Diagnostic cerebral angiography confirmed a composite lesion comprising a CVM with a secondary AVF. The patient was treated with transvenous coil and N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue embolization, transarterial NBCA embolization, and subsequent surgical excision. Histopathological findings were compatible with a complex combined vascular malformation. At 1-year follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic with no recurrence. This case highlights the importance of considering diagnostic cerebral angiography for highly suspicious high-flow vascular lesions. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the optimal management of such complex orbital cases.Item Metadata only Deep learning-based detection and classification of mosquitoes and Culicoides(2026-01-01) Hongkajorn K.; Wattanamethanont J.; Unjit K.; Vachmanus S.; Kusakunniran W.; Hongkajorn K.; Mahidol UniversityMosquitoes and other small insects are important vectors of infectious diseases, making accurate identification of insect species essential for laboratory-based surveillance and entomological studies. Conventional identification methods rely on manual microscopic inspection, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to human error, particularly when images contain multiple species in a single frame.Item Metadata only The Grammar of Science: “Knots” and “Pieces”(2026-01-01) Kaewkungwal J.; Kaewkungwal J.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Subunit vaccination using Atomic Layering Thermostable Antigen and Adjuvant (ALTA®) platform elicits enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses(2026-01-01) Ivanova D.L.; Lewis M.S.; Caplan A.B.; Walters I.R.; Snyder E.M.; Strand K.A.; Antunez L.R.; Sengyee S.; Weiby S.B.; Urbano-Munoz F.; Burtnick M.N.; Brett P.J.; Brubaker S.W.; Ivanova D.L.; Mahidol UniversityCreating effective and thermostable vaccines is of significant relevance for public health. The Atomic Layering Thermostable Antigen and Adjuvant (ALTA®) platform combines spray drying to stabilize antigens in a sugar matrix, followed by coating with atomic layer deposition (ALD) for temporal control over in vivo release. While these technologies have shown preliminary promise for different vaccine antigens, further characterizations of the immune response to ALTA®-formulated antigens are still needed. Here, the immune response to ALTA®-formulated antigens is described and compared to a set of adjuvanted liquid vaccine formulations that included Alhydrogel®, AddaVax™, and Alhydrogel® + CpG. The humoral and cell-mediated responses were measured via ELISA and flow cytometry. Increased and lasting antigen-specific antibody titers following the administration of ALTA® containing ovalbumin (OVA) demonstrated a robust and durable humoral response. Furthermore, ALTA®-injected mice produced both IgG2c and IgG1, indicating a balanced Th1/Th2 response. Importantly, ALTA® OVA elicited a robust humoral response at lower doses of aluminum than Alhydrogel®. The most striking difference between ALTA® and the liquid vaccine formulations tested was a greater OVA-specific CD8+ T-cell response observed at all antigen doses tested. Mechanistically, antigen encapsulation within ALTA® particles was critical for antibody production and CD8+ T-cell responses as well as antigen capture by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) at the site of injection and draining lymph nodes. To test these concepts in a more physiological application, protein and polysaccharide vaccine antigens derived from a facultative intracellular bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, were formulated using the ALTA® platform. Compared to liquid vaccine formulations, ALTA®-immunized mice showed enhanced antigen-specific antibody production and IFN-γ-secreting T-cell responses using lower adjuvant doses of aluminum and CpG. Overall, ALTA®-formulated protein and polysaccharide antigens elicited strong humoral and cell-mediated immunity, suggesting potential broad applicability of the platform to vaccines against various diseases, including cancer and infections from intracellular pathogens.Item Metadata only Comprehensive clinicopathological evaluation of malignant localized gingival enlargements in the Thai population(2026-06-01) Rungraungrayabkul D.; Sripodok P.; Arayapisit T.; Srimaneekarn N.; Kitkumthorn N.; Neeranadpuree V.; Amornwatcharapong W.; Hempornwisarn S.; Amornwikaikul S.; Lapthanasupkul P.; Rungraungrayabkul D.; Mahidol UniversityMalignant localized gingival enlargements (LGEs) are rare and often clinically mimic reactive or benign lesions, creating diagnostic challenges. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and origins of malignant LGEs, assess clinicopathological diagnostic concordance, and identify the distinction of clinical features in a Thai population. A total of 96 malignant LGEs diagnosed over a 40‑year period were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and clinical and pathological diagnoses were collected. Malignant LGEs were categorized by origin, and diagnostic concordance was evaluated. Clinical features were compared between epithelial and non‑epithelial malignant LGEs, and a decision tree model was constructed to iden‑ tify predictive factors. Epithelial (60.4%) and non‑epithelial (39.6%) malignant LGEs indicated a comparable distribu‑ tion. Non‑epithelial lesions demonstrated substantially lower diagnostic concordance and were frequently misdiagnosed as reactive or benign conditions. Significant differences between groups were observed in age (P=0.004), surface texture (P=0.003), color (P=0.014), and location (P=0.044). Decision tree analysis identified age (P=0.018) and surface texture (P=0.03) as key predictors of non‑epithelial malig‑ nant LGEs. Non‑epithelial malignant LGEs are particularly prone to clinical misdiagnosis. Lesions occurring in younger patients, notably those with smooth surface texture, should raise suspicion for non‑epithelial malignancy and prompt timely biopsy and referral. These findings may aid clinicians in improving early recognition of malignant LGEs.Item Metadata only Antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound healing properties of extract and phytochemicals of Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe bark(2026-06-01) Laosirisathian N.; Eitssayeam S.; Sirithunyalug J.; Sittisombut C.; Sirithunyalug B.; Sirisa-ard P.; Mangmool S.; Anantachoke N.; Jaiturong P.; Laosirisathian N.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe ( D. dao ), commonly known in Thailand as Phrachao Ha Phra Ong, is recognised for its therapeutic applications and is particularly used in traditional medicine for ulcers and infections. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and wound-healing properties of D. dao bark ethanol extract. Methods D. dao bark was extracted using 60% ethanol and then was investigated for phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities, along with the wound healing properties. Results The extract demonstrated high phenolic (474.58 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (48.06 mg QE/g), along with strong antioxidant activity that might be attributed to long-chain fatty acids. Moreover, treatment with D. dao bark extract inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species production in a dose-dependent manner in primary normal human dermal fibroblast and human embryonic kidney-293 cells. In addition, treatment of human embryonic kidney-293 cells with the extract (50 μg/mL) significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase-1, supporting its role in cellular antioxidant defence. Antibacterial activity by the agar disc diffusion method revealed significant inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of 0.49 mg/mL and 0.98 mg/mL, respectively. The D. dao bark extract also promoted fibroblast migration, as determined by wound-healing assays in primary normal human dermal fibroblast cells, indicating potential applications in tissue regeneration without cytotoxic effects. Conclusions These findings position D. dao bark extract as a promising candidate for developing natural antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound-healing agents, warranting further research into its therapeutic applications.Item Metadata only Comparative efficacy of trauma scoring for predicting in-hospital mortality in elderly patients in China and Thailand: A multicenter retrospective study(2026-01-01) Lu R.; Jansiriyotin P.; Kittidumkerng T.; Owattanapanich N.; Chittawatanarat K.; Lu R.; Mahidol UniversityBACKGROUND: With global population aging, trauma prediction models are essential for elderly patients, yet established scoring systems lack validation in Asian populations. This study evaluates clinical characteristics, mortality risk factors, and the predictive efficacy of trauma scoring systems in elderly trauma patients in China and Thailand. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included trauma patients aged ≥65 years admitted to four Level 1 trauma centers between 01/01/2023 and 31/12/2023. The analyzed variables included demographics, clinical data, and trauma scores (ISS, NISS, RTS, TRISS, GTOS). Multivariable logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were performed. RESULTS: Among 963 patients (median age 73 years; 50.6% female), in-hospital mortality was 7.9%. Independent risk factors included age, cancer history, INR, blood transfusion, GCS, and all trauma scores. TRISS had the highest predictive value (AUC = 0.871), followed by GTOS (0.852) and RTS (0.839), all outperforming ISS and NISS. CONCLUSION: Age, comorbidities, and trauma scores are significant predictors of in-hospital mortality in elderly trauma patients. TRISS, GTOS, and RTS offer superior prognostic performance, aiding early identification and management of high-risk individuals.Item Metadata only Dopaminergic neurons are vulnerable to dysregulation of YEATS2-dependent calcium homeostasis(2026-06-19) Lo Piccolo L.; Yeewa R.; Noisagul P.; Monteil A.; Shotelersuk V.; Jantrapirom S.; Lo Piccolo L.; Mahidol UniversityYEATS2 is a chromatin-associated factor that regulates dopaminergic (DAergic) synaptic integrity, although its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we profiled head transcriptomic changes following neuron-specific YEATS2 knockdown in Drosophila. This analysis revealed coordinated downregulation of metabolic genes alongside upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling components. YEATS2 loss led to elevated intracellular calcium, indicating calcium overload in the nervous system, and was associated with seizure-like activity, locomotor deficits, and loss of DAergic neurons, while sparing glutamatergic neurons and mushroom bodies. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) via the Orai channel, as well as blockade of ryanodine receptors, improved stress-induced phenotypes, restored calcium balance, and preserved DAergic neuron integrity. Together, these findings identify ER-centered calcium dysregulation as a key downstream consequence of YEATS2 loss and define a YEATS2-dependent epigenetic-calcium axis that links chromatin regulation to neuronal excitability and selective dopaminergic vulnerability.Item Metadata only On Intensifiers in Thai and Korean: Grammaticalization and Contrastive Perspectives(2026-05-01) Thirakunkovit S.; Rhee S.; Thirakunkovit S.; Mahidol UniversityIntensification is a language universal (Rainer, 2015, p. 1340) since adding emphasis to the meaning of a particular linguistic form is among language users’ basic needs in discourse. Intensification is frequently realized by means of an intensifier, a degree-modifying adverb in many languages. Despite the universal presence of intensifiers across world languages, their morpho-syntactic makeup and lexical strengths may vary (Hendrikx et al., 2024). This paper utilizes a comparative perspective to analyze intensifiers in two languages that are typologically distinct and genealogically unrelated, i.e., Korean and Thai, and reveals that Thai has fewer items with a much higher level of specialization as compared to Korean, reinforcing the claim that Thai uses the polysemy strategy whereas Korean uses the monosemy strategy (Khammee & Rhee, 2022). It further reveals that, unlike Korean, in which diverse source lexemes are involved, Thai intensifiers are built on a more restrictive number of lexemes, utilizing the primary marker complemented with particles, lexical items, or even reduplication. Korean intensifiers are sometimes used in repetitive forms but univerbation of such forms is rather rare. The present paper also presents a number of intriguing aspects of grammaticalization and lexicalization that may be attributed to typological and idiosyncratic differences between the two languages.