Publication:
Fermi and Swift Observations of GRB 190114C: Tracing the Evolution of High-energy Emission from Prompt to Afterglow

Issued Date

2020-02-10

Resource Type

Article

ISSN

15384357
0004637X

DOI

10.3847/1538-4357/ab5b05

Other identifier(s)

2-s2.0-85082428333

Rights

Mahidol University

Rights Holder(s)

SCOPUS

Bibliographic Citation

Astrophysical Journal. Vol.890, No.1 (2020)

Suggested Citation

M. Ajello, M. Arimoto, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, S. Chen, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, J. Cohen-Tanugi, D. Costantin, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, M. Deklotz, P. De La Torre Luque, F. De Palma, A. Desai, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, F. Fana Dirirsa, S. J. Fegan, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, R. Gill, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, J. Granot, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, M. H. Grondin, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, D. Kocevski, M. Kovac'Evic', M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, D. Paneque, Z. Pei, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, J. L. Racusin, S. Rain, R. Rando Fermi and Swift Observations of GRB 190114C: Tracing the Evolution of High-energy Emission from Prompt to Afterglow. Astrophysical Journal. Vol.890, No.1 (2020). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5b05 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/54540

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Title

Fermi and Swift Observations of GRB 190114C: Tracing the Evolution of High-energy Emission from Prompt to Afterglow

Author(s)

M. Ajello
 M. Arimoto
 M. Axelsson
 L. Baldini
 G. Barbiellini
 D. Bastieri
 R. Bellazzini
 A. Berretta
 E. Bissaldi
 R. D. Blandford
 R. Bonino
 E. Bottacini
 J. Bregeon
 P. Bruel
 R. Buehler
 E. Burns
 S. Buson
 R. A. Cameron
 R. Caputo
 P. A. Caraveo
 E. Cavazzuti
 S. Chen
 G. Chiaro
 S. Ciprini
 J. Cohen-Tanugi
 D. Costantin
 S. Cutini
 F. D'Ammando
 M. Deklotz
 P. De La Torre Luque
 F. De Palma
 A. Desai
 N. Di Lalla
 L. Di Venere
 F. Fana Dirirsa
 S. J. Fegan
 A. Franckowiak
 Y. Fukazawa
 S. Funk
 P. Fusco
 F. Gargano
 D. Gasparrini
 N. Giglietto
 R. Gill
 F. Giordano
 M. Giroletti
 J. Granot
 D. Green
 I. A. Grenier
 M. H. Grondin
 S. Guiriec
 E. Hays
 D. Horan
 G. Jóhannesson
 D. Kocevski
 M. Kovac'Evic'
 M. Kuss
 S. Larsson
 L. Latronico
 M. Lemoine-Goumard
 J. Li
 I. Liodakis
 F. Longo
 F. Loparco
 M. N. Lovellette
 P. Lubrano
 S. Maldera
 D. Malyshev
 A. Manfreda
 G. Martí-Devesa
 M. N. Mazziotta
 J. E. McEnery
 I. Mereu
 M. Meyer
 P. F. Michelson
 W. Mitthumsiri
 T. Mizuno
 M. E. Monzani
 E. Moretti
 A. Morselli
 I. V. Moskalenko
 M. Negro
 E. Nuss
 N. Omodei
 M. Orienti
 E. Orlando
 M. Palatiello
 V. S. Paliya
 D. Paneque
 Z. Pei
 M. Persic
 M. Pesce-Rollins
 V. Petrosian
 F. Piron
 H. Poon
 T. A. Porter
 G. Principe
 J. L. Racusin
 S. Rain
 R. Rando

Other Contributor(s)

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
 Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
 Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
 Universite Paris-Saclay
 Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
 INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Milan
 University Science Institute Reykjavik
 Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan
 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
 Hiroshima University
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
 Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
 Università di Pisa
 Stockholms universitet
 Naval Research Laboratory
 Clemson University
 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
 Kanazawa University
 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
 Università degli Studi di Bari
 Open University of Israel
 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - INFN
 University of Maryland
 Università degli Studi di Trieste
 Högskolan Dalarna
 Mahidol University
 Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
 Istituto Di Radioastronomia, Bologna
 Università degli Studi di Torino
 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
 Max Planck Institute for Physics (Werner Heisenberg Institute)
 Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck
 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
 The George Washington University
 Università degli Studi di Perugia
 The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
 University of Johannesburg
 Università degli Studi di Padova
 Stellar Solutions, Inc.

Abstract

© 2020. The American Astronomical Society.. We report on the observations of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 190114C by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. The prompt gamma-ray emission was detected by the Fermi GRB Monitor (GBM), the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), and the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and the long-lived afterglow emission was subsequently observed by the GBM, LAT, Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT), and Swift UV Optical Telescope. The early-time observations reveal multiple emission components that evolve independently, with a delayed power-law component that exhibits significant spectral attenuation above 40 MeV in the first few seconds of the burst. This power-law component transitions to a harder spectrum that is consistent with the afterglow emission observed by the XRT at later times. This afterglow component is clearly identifiable in the GBM and BAT light curves as a slowly fading emission component on which the rest of the prompt emission is superimposed. As a result, we are able to observe the transition from internal-shock- to external-shock-dominated emission. We find that the temporal and spectral evolution of the broadband afterglow emission can be well modeled as synchrotron emission from a forward shock propagating into a wind-like circumstellar environment. We estimate the initial bulk Lorentz factor using the observed high-energy spectral cutoff. Considering the onset of the afterglow component, we constrain the deceleration radius at which this forward shock begins to radiate in order to estimate the maximum synchrotron energy as a function of time. We find that even in the LAT energy range, there exist high-energy photons that are in tension with the theoretical maximum energy that can be achieved through synchrotron emission from a shock. These violations of the maximum synchrotron energy are further compounded by the detection of very high-energy (VHE) emission above 300 GeV by MAGIC concurrent with our observations. We conclude that the observations of VHE photons from GRB 190114C necessitates either an additional emission mechanism at very high energies that is hidden in the synchrotron component in the LAT energy range, an acceleration mechanism that imparts energy to the particles at a rate that is faster than the electron synchrotron energy-loss rate, or revisions of the fundamental assumptions used in estimating the maximum photon energy attainable through the synchrotron process.

Keyword(s)

Earth and Planetary Sciences
 Physics and Astronomy

Availability

URI

https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/54540

Collections

Scopus 2020