Comparative performance of PCR using DNA extracted from dried blood spots and whole blood samples for malaria diagnosis: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) provides a fast, inexpensive, and convenient method for large-scale epidemiological studies. This study compared the performance of PCR between DNA extracted from DBS and DNA obtained from whole blood for detecting malarial parasites. Primary studies assessing the diagnostic performance of PCR using DNA extracted from DBS and whole blood for detecting malarial parasites were obtained from the ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were plotted in forest plots using Review Manager version 5.3. Statistical analysis was performed via random-effects meta-analysis. Data heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Of the 904 studies retrieved from the databases, seven were included in this study. The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the comparative performance of PCR for detecting malaria parasites between DNA extracted from DBS and that extracted from whole blood (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.62–1.16; I2 = 78%). However, subgroup analysis demonstrated that PCR using DNA extracted from DBS was less accurate in detecting Plasmodium vivax than that using DNA extracted from whole blood (OR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.77–0.94). In conclusion, a significant difference in detecting P. vivax was observed between PCR using DNA extracted from DBS and that using DNA extracted from whole blood. Therefore, P. vivax in endemic areas should be identified and detected with care with PCR using DNA obtained from DBS which potentially leads to a negative result. Further studies are required to investigate the performance of PCR using DBS for detecting P. vivax and other malarial parasites to provide data in research and routine surveillance of malaria, especially with renewed efforts towards the eradication of the disease.