High physical activity is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among individuals aged 15 years and older in South Africa

Abstract

© 2019. The Authors. Background: Some research seems to suggest that physical activity (PA) was beneficial fopost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Aim: This study examined the association between levels of PA and PTSD among individual15 years and above in South Africa. Setting: Community-based survey sample representative of the national population in South Africa. Methods: In all, 15 201 individuals (mean age 36.9 years) responded to the cross-sectionaSouth African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) in 2012. Results: One in five (20.1%) of participants reported exposure to at least one traumatic evenin a lifetime, and 2.1% were classified as having a PTSD, 7.9% fulfilled PTSD re-experiencing criteria, 3.0% PTSD avoidance criteria and 4.3% PTSD hyperarousal criteria. Almost hal(48.1%) of respondents had low PA, 17.4% moderate PA and 34.5% high PA. In logistiregression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, population group, employment status, residencstatus, number of trauma types, problem drinking, current tobacco use, sleep problems and depressive symptoms, high PA was associated with PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75, confidencinterval [CI] = 1.11–2.75), PTSD re-experiencing symptom criteria (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.09–1.86and PTSD avoidance symptom criteria (OR = 1.74, CI = 1.18–2.59), but high PA was noassociated with PTSD hyperarousal symptom criteria. In generalised structural equation modelling, total trauma events had a positive direct and indirect effect on PTSD mediated by high PA, and high PA had a positive indirect effect on PTSD, mediated by psychologicadistress and problem drinking. Conclusion: After controlling for relevant covariates, high PA was associated with increased PTSD symptomatology.