Publication: Comparison of GHG emissions and farmers’ profit of large-scale and individual farming in rice production across four regions of Thailand
17
Issued Date
2021-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
09596526
Other identifier(s)
2-s2.0-85090420485
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Mahidol University
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Journal of Cleaner Production. Vol.278, (2021)
Suggested Citation
Noppol Arunrat, Nathsuda Pumijumnong, Sukanya Sereenonchai, Uthai Chareonwong, Can Wang Comparison of GHG emissions and farmers’ profit of large-scale and individual farming in rice production across four regions of Thailand. Journal of Cleaner Production. Vol.278, (2021). doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123945 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/76484
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Title
Comparison of GHG emissions and farmers’ profit of large-scale and individual farming in rice production across four regions of Thailand
Abstract
A large-scale agricultural extension program in Thailand is established under the economy of scale concept. In this study, we used the life cycle assessment concept for greenhouse gas emissions (LCA-GHG) to evaluate and compare GHG emissions from individually farmed units and large-scale farming operations. Results showed that large-scale farming resulted in GHG emissions 11% lower than those arising from individual farming. Moreover, reducing rice seed and transportation used were outstanding under large-scale farming. Production cost was reduced by 28.3%, whereas farmer's profit was increased by 31.2%. Producing rice seed, open windrows compost, manures, and bio-fermented juice for using inside the farm gate had potential to mitigate GHG emissions by 40.7 (−85.9%), 732.3 (−12.3%), 188.8 (−46.8%), and 115.6 (−75.4%) kg CO2eq ha−1 year−1, respectively. Our findings proved that minimal use of external inputs by producing raw materials from co-product and recirculating in the paddy field can reduce GHG emissions and enhance farmers’ profits, especially in large-scale farming. Based on these findings, we propose that merging individual farm units into large-scaled units should be encouraged.