Publication: Frontiers in antibiotic alternatives for Clostridioides difficile infection
Issued Date
2021-11-14
Resource Type
ISSN
22192840
10079327
10079327
Other identifier(s)
2-s2.0-85119051520
Rights
Mahidol University
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
World Journal of Gastroenterology. Vol.27, No.42 (2021), 7210-7232
Suggested Citation
Matthew Phanchana, Phurt Harnvoravongchai, Supapit Wongkuna, Tanaporn Phetruen, Wichuda Phothichaisri, Supakan Panturat, Methinee Pipatthana, Sitthivut Charoensutthivarakul, Surang Chankhamhaengdecha, Tavan Janvilisri Frontiers in antibiotic alternatives for Clostridioides difficile infection. World Journal of Gastroenterology. Vol.27, No.42 (2021), 7210-7232. doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i42.7210 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/77666
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Authors
Journal Issue
Thesis
Title
Frontiers in antibiotic alternatives for Clostridioides difficile infection
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is a gram-positive, anaerobic spore-forming bacterium and a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Humans are naturally resistant to C. difficile infection (CDI) owing to the protection provided by healthy gut microbiota. When the gut microbiota is disturbed, C. difficile can colonize, produce toxins, and manifest clinical symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic diarrhea and colitis to death. Despite the steady-if not rising-prevalence of CDI, it will certainly become more problematic in a world of antibiotic overuse and the post-antibiotic era. C. difficile is naturally resistant to most of the currently used antibiotics as it uses multiple resistance mechanisms. Therefore, current CDI treatment regimens are extremely limited to only a few antibiotics, which include vancomycin, fidaxomicin, and metronidazole. Therefore, one of the main challenges experienced by the scientific community is the development of alternative approaches to control and treat CDI. In this Frontier article, we collectively summarize recent advances in alternative treatment approaches for CDI. Over the past few years, several studies have reported on natural product-derived compounds, drug repurposing, high-throughput library screening, phage therapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation. We also include an update on vaccine development, pre- and probiotics for CDI, and toxin antidote approaches. These measures tackle CDI at every stage of disease pathology via multiple mechanisms. We also discuss the gaps and concerns in these developments. The next epidemic of CDI is not a matter of if but a matter of when. Therefore, being well-equipped with a collection of alternative therapeutics is necessary and should be prioritized.