Effects of orthognathic surgery on pharyngeal airway space: A literature review

Abstract

Pharyngeal airway changes after orthognathic surgery have been concerned because of the effects on breathing function of the patients. Moreover, sleep quality of patients can be improved or worsened by these changes. Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by episode of pharyngeal airway collapse. It may be better following a maxillomandibular advancement surgery or may be worsened or developed after mandibular setback surgery. The purpose of this study is to review the changes of pharyngeal airway and its important related structure such as hyoid bone, the tongue and soft palate after orthognathic surgery in dentofacial deformity patients. The change of the head posture, the adaptation and the stability of the pharyngeal airway are also considered. Moderate evidence was found to support a significant decrease in the oropharyngeal airway after mandibular setback surgery. Bimaxillary surgery in class III patients has less unfavorable effects and should be considered when setback the mandible a large extent. Maxillomandibular advancement widens the airway in many levels and has high success rate in treatment of OSA.