Potassium, Sodium and Magnesium Contents in Skeletal Muscle of Renal Stone-Formers: A Study in an Area of Low Potassium Intake

Abstract

Skeletal muscles surgically obtained from the stone-former group (external oblique muscle; n = 202, 82 males & 120 females), control group I (external oblique muscle; n = 5, all males), control group II (rectus abdominis muscle; n = 23, all females) and control group III (quadriceps femoris muscle; n = 11, all males) were analyzed for potassium (K), sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg) contents. Muscle samples were digested with 65 per cent HNO3 and determined for K, Na and Mg by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of analysis showed the mean K, Na and Mg (±S.D.) contents in μmol per one gram of fresh tissue of the stone-former group, control groups I, II and III were 73.5±16.6, 51.3±13.4 and 6.6±1.3, 77.5±3.9, 43.9±9.9 and 7.2±0.5, 83.8±27.5, 49.4±24.1 and 6.7±1.8 and 85.0±17.1, 48.5±12.1 and 6.8±1.3. Among these variables, only the K content of control group III was higher significantly (p<0.05) than that of the stone-former group. In the stone-former group, regression analysis showed significant correlations between K and Mg contents (r = 0.856, p < 0.001) and K and Na contents (r= -0.325, p < 0.001). Due to no available data of the external oblique, we made a comparison of our results to the soleus type of skeletal muscle of normal subjects reported by Dorup et al and found that the external oblique muscle had lower mean contents of K and Mg but a higher Na content than those of the soleus. Our results were similar to the K and Mg depleted muscles obtained from the patients receiving long-term treatment with diuretic drugs. The results suggest that most of our subjects in both the stone-former and the 3 control groups were in a state of K and Mg depletion. The causes may be multifactorial, for instance low intake, high sweat loss and the existence of environmental inhibitor (s) for K transport like vanadium.