Publication: Entomological determinants of insecticide-treated bed net effectiveness in Western Myanmar
Accepted Date
2013-09-20
Issued Date
2013-10-11
Copyright Date
2013
Resource Type
Language
eng
ISSN
1475-2875 (electronic)
Rights
Mahidol University
Rights Holder(s)
BioMed Central
Bibliographic Citation
Smithuis FM, Kyaw MK, Phe UO, van der Broek I, Katterman N, Rogers C. et al. Entomological determinants of insecticide-treated bed net effectiveness in Western Myanmar. Malar J. 2013 Oct 11;12:364.
Suggested Citation
Smithuis, Frank M, Kyaw, Moe Kyaw, Phe, U Ohn, van der Broek, Ingrid, Katterman, Nina, Rogers, Colin, Almeida, Patrick, Kager, Piet A, Stepniewska, Kasia, Lubell, Yoel, Simpson, Julie A, White, Nicholas J Entomological determinants of insecticide-treated bed net effectiveness in Western Myanmar. Smithuis FM, Kyaw MK, Phe UO, van der Broek I, Katterman N, Rogers C. et al. Entomological determinants of insecticide-treated bed net effectiveness in Western Myanmar. Malar J. 2013 Oct 11;12:364.. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-364. Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/779
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Title
Entomological determinants of insecticide-treated bed net effectiveness in Western Myanmar
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: In a large cluster randomized control trial of insecticide-treated
bed nets (ITN) in Western Myanmar the malaria protective effect of ITN was found
to be highly variable and, in aggregate, the effect was not statistically
significant. A coincident entomological investigation measured malaria vector
abundance and biting behaviour and the human population sleeping habits, factors
relevant to ITN effectiveness.
METHODS: Entomological surveys were carried out using different catching methods
to identify potential malaria vector species and characterise their biting
habits. The salivary glands were dissected from all female anophelines caught to
identify sporozoites by microscopy.
FINDINGS: Between 1995 and 2000 a total of 4,824 female anopheline mosquitoes
were caught with various catching methods. A total of 916 person nights yielded
3,009 female anopheline mosquitoes between 6 pm and 6 am. Except for Anopheles
annularis, which showed no apparent preference (51% outdoor biting), all major
species showed a strong preference for outdoor biting; Anopheles epiroticus
(79%), Anopheles subpictus (72%), Anopheles maculatus (92%), Anopheles aconitus
(85%) and Anopheles vagus (72%). Most human biting occurred in the early evening
with the peak biting time between 6 pm and 7 pm (35%). Overall 51% (1447/2837) of
all bites recorded were between 6 pm and 8 pm. A large proportion of children
were not sleeping under an ITN during peak biting times. Only one An. annularis
mosquito (0.02%) had malaria sporozoites identified in the salivary glands.
CONCLUSIONS: Peak vector biting occurred early in the evening and mainly occurred
outdoors. The limited efficacy of ITN in this area of Western Myanmar may be
explained by the biting behaviour of the prevalent Anopheles mosquito vectors in
this area.