Publication: Application of topical immunotherapy in the treatment of alopecia areata: A review and update
Issued Date
2021-01-01
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ISSN
11778881
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2-s2.0-85103084191
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Drug Design, Development and Therapy. Vol.15, (2021), 1285-1298
Suggested Citation
Thipprapai Mahasaksiri, Chaninan Kositkuljorn, Tanaporn Anuntrangsee, Poonkiat Suchonwanit Application of topical immunotherapy in the treatment of alopecia areata: A review and update. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. Vol.15, (2021), 1285-1298. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S297858 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/78981
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Title
Application of topical immunotherapy in the treatment of alopecia areata: A review and update
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Abstract
Treatment of extensive or recalcitrant alopecia areata (AA) is a major clinical challenge. Even after thorough investigation of several medications, its treatment outcomes have remained unsatisfactory. While there is no US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication for AA yet, topical immunotherapy has been a well-documented treatment option. Dinitrochlorobenzene, squaric acid dibutylester, and diphenylcyclopropenone are three sub- stances that have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of extensive or recalcitrant AA. Despite being commonly used, the mechanism underlying topical immunotherapy is not well-elucidated and a wide range of clinical efficacies have been reported in the literature. The aim of this review was to summarize and update the pharmacology, mechanism of action, therapeutic efficacy, and tolerability of topical immunotherapy in the treatment of AA.