Publication: Application intensity and spatial distribution of three major herbicides from agricultural and nonagricultural practices in the central plain of thailand
Issued Date
2021-03-02
Resource Type
ISSN
16604601
16617827
16617827
Other identifier(s)
2-s2.0-85102489333
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Mahidol University
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol.18, No.6 (2021), 1-19
Suggested Citation
Suphaphat Kwonpongsagoon, Chanokwan Katasila, Pornpimol Kongtip, Susan Woskie Application intensity and spatial distribution of three major herbicides from agricultural and nonagricultural practices in the central plain of thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol.18, No.6 (2021), 1-19. doi:10.3390/ijerph18063046 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/77056
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Title
Application intensity and spatial distribution of three major herbicides from agricultural and nonagricultural practices in the central plain of thailand
Abstract
The herbicides glyphosate, paraquat, and 2,4-D play a significant role in Thailand. This paper is among the first study to describe the intensity of herbicide application and illustrate how the herbicides are extensively distributed over a large area through both agricultural and nonagri-cultural practices. Using a quick, economical, and simplified method of Material Flow Analysis together with spatial analysis, better data for the analysis of possible environmental herbicide con-tamination, human exposure, and related health risks for the general public and applicators can be developed. The findings from this study showed that in the study province, about 2.2 million kg of the active ingredients from the three targeted herbicides is applied annually. Pathway flow modeling with spatial analysis identified several local hotspots of concern based on the type of herbicide and crop/activity where it was used. Cassava planting was found to have the highest herbicide application activity, whereas rice cultivation was the major contributor of total herbicide mass, due to the wide area of cultivation in the province. The herbicide most likely to be applied at rates higher than recommended was 2,4-D, particularly on cassava and sugarcane farms.