Reference value of forced oscillation technique for healthy preschool children

Abstract

Background: The reference values of Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) parameters of the inspiratory and expiratophase for preschool children have not yet been established. Methods: Preschool children, aged 3-6 years, were screened. Children who were positive for the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire for asthma, positive family history of allergic diseases, recent lower respiratory tract infections, and environmental tobacco smoke were excluded. FOT parameters, including resistance (Rrs), reactance (Xrs), frequency of resonance (Fres) and area of reactance (ALX), were measured. Results: A total of 390 healthy children with the mean age of 5.1 ± 0.9 years were enrolled. FOT was successfully performed in 378 children (96.9%). The mean (SD) for the whole breath (WB) resistance at 5 Hz (R5), 20 Hz (R20) and R5-20 were 11.49 (2.69) cmH2 O/L/s, 9.46 (2.19) cmH2 O/L/s and 2.02 (0.82) cmH2 O/L/s, respectively. The median (IQR) for WB reactance at 5Hx (X5), Fres and ALX were-1.51 (-2.37 to-0.96) cmH2 O/L/s, 11.17 (8.50-15.65) Hz, and 7.53 (3.72-14.32) cmH2 O/L/s, respectively. Significantly difference in WB R5, R20, X5, Fres and ALX between male and female children were demonstrated. The expiratory phase R5, R20, R5-20 were significantly higher than those of the inspiratory phase (p < 0.001). There are significant correlations between the height and FOT parameters. Reference curve for the FOT parameters was generated based on height using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. Conclusion: Reference curve of FOT parameters measured in healthy preschool children were demonstrated. Majority of preschool children could perform FOT method.