The Effects of Date Fruit Consumption on Breast Milk Quantity and Nutritional Status of Infants

Abstract

Background: Date fruit is a popular natural galactagogue among breastfeeding Muslim mothers. However, there is no evidence to support the effectiveness of date fruit in increasing the quantity of breast milk. Objective: This research aimed to study the effect of date fruit consumption on breast milk quantity and nutritional status of infants. Materials and Methods: This was a parallel randomized controlled trial. Forty-eight pairs of breastfeeding mothers and infants aged 1-3 months were included. The intervention group (n = 25) was asked to consume their normal dietary intake with 10 date fruits/day for 4 weeks. The control group (n = 23) was asked to consume their normal dietary intake without date fruit. Breast milk quantity was measured by using an electric breast pump and recorded for 2 days at baseline, week 2 and 4. The nutritional status of infants was assessed by calculating infant weight-for-age at baseline and week 4. Dietary data were collected at baseline, week 2, and 4, using a 2-day food record. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, t-test Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test by SPSS version 18.0. Results: Breastfeeding mothers who received 10 date fruits/day had an 11% increase in breast milk quantity from baseline to week 2, and a 23% increase from baseline to week 4, (both p < 0.05). The breast milk quantity of the breastfeeding mothers who received date fruits was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in infant nutritional status. Conclusions: Date fruit consumption appears to be useful for promoting and increasing breast milk quantity in breastfeeding mothers. Date fruits may be an alternative galactagogue.