Etiology and incidence of thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorders in Thai patients with extreme thrombocytosis

Abstract

A retrospective study of 126 patients with extreme thrombocytosis (defined as a platelet count ≥1,000 × 10°/L) was performed during a five-year period (June 1994 - June 1999). The aim of this study was to determine the etiology and to evaluate the clinical consequences of extreme thrombocytosis. Seventy patients (55.5%) had reactive thrombocytosis (RT) with an age range of 43±2.2 years, 56 (44.5%) had chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) with an age range of 53±2.4 years. Underlying causes of RT were malignancy (25/70 or 35.7%), infection (16/70 or 22.9%), postsplenectomized β-thalassemia/Hb E (11/70 or 15.7%), inflammation (12/70 or 17.1%), iron deficiency anemia (6/70 or 8.6%). Duration post splenectomy in our β-thalassemia/Hb E patients ranged from 4 months to 21 years, with a median of 10 years. Subtypes of our MPD cases were chronic myeloid leukemia (30/56 or 53.6%), essential thrombocytosis (18/56 or 32.1%), polycythemia vera (4/56 or 7.1%), agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (3/56 or 5.4%) and unclassified MPD (1/56 or 1.8%). Bleeding and thrombotic tendency were respectively noted in 7 (12.5%) and 2 (3.6%) of MPD patients. Two patients of the MPD group (3.6%) experienced both bleeding and thrombotic episodes. One patient (1.4%) of the RT group developed vasculitis-associated thrombosis. However, none of the patients in the RT group had bleeding complications. Extreme thrombocytosis was not a rare condition in a university hospital population, and bleeding and/or thrombotic complication was more common in the MPD group.