Publication:
Malaria morbidity and mortality following introduction of a universal policy of artemisinin-based treatment for malaria in papua, indonesia: A longitudinal surveillance study

1

Issued Date

2019-05-01

Resource Type

Article

ISSN

15491676
15491277

DOI

10.1371/journal.pmed.1002815

Other identifier(s)

2-s2.0-85067425102

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Mahidol University

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SCOPUS

Bibliographic Citation

PLoS Medicine. Vol.16, No.5 (2019)

Suggested Citation

Enny Kenangalem, Jeanne Rini Poespoprodjo, Nicholas M. Douglas, Faustina Helena Burdam, Ketut Gdeumana, Ferry Chalfein, Prayoga, Franciscus Thio, Angela Devine, Jutta Marfurt, Govert Waramori, Shunmay Yeung, Rintis Noviyanti, Pasi Penttinen, Michael J. Bangs, Paulus Sugiarto, Julie A. Simpson, Yati Soenarto, Nicholas M. Anstey, Ric N. Price Malaria morbidity and mortality following introduction of a universal policy of artemisinin-based treatment for malaria in papua, indonesia: A longitudinal surveillance study. PLoS Medicine. Vol.16, No.5 (2019). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002815 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/51710

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Title

Malaria morbidity and mortality following introduction of a universal policy of artemisinin-based treatment for malaria in papua, indonesia: A longitudinal surveillance study

Author(s)

Enny Kenangalem
 Jeanne Rini Poespoprodjo
 Nicholas M. Douglas
 Faustina Helena Burdam
 Ketut Gdeumana
 Ferry Chalfein
 Prayoga
 Franciscus Thio
 Angela Devine
 Jutta Marfurt
 Govert Waramori
 Shunmay Yeung
 Rintis Noviyanti
 Pasi Penttinen
 Michael J. Bangs
 Paulus Sugiarto
 Julie A. Simpson
 Yati Soenarto
 Nicholas M. Anstey
 Ric N. Price

Other Contributor(s)

Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
 PT Freeport Indonesia
 Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology
 Universitas Gadjah Mada
 London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
 Menzies School of Health Research
 Kasetsart University
 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
 Mahidol University
 Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
 Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation
 Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Mimika
 Rumah Sakit Mitra Masyarakat
 Mimika District Health Authority

Abstract

© 2019 Kenangalem et al. Background Malaria control activities can have a disproportionately greater impact on Plasmodium falciparum than on P. vivax in areas where both species are coendemic. We investigated temporal trends in malaria-related morbidity and mortality in Papua, Indonesia, before and after introduction of a universal, artemisinin-based antimalarial treatment strategy for all Plasmodium species. Methods and findings A prospective, district-wide malariometric surveillance system was established in April 2004 to record all cases of malaria at community clinics and the regional hospital and maintained until December 2013. In March 2006, antimalarial treatment policy was changed to artemisinin combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria and intravenous artesunate for severe malaria due to any Plasmodium species. Over the study period, a total of 418,238 patients presented to the surveillance facilities with malaria. The proportion of patients with malaria requiring admission to hospital fell from 26.9% (7,745/28,789) in the pre–policy change period (April 2004 to March 2006) to 14.0% (4,786/34,117) in the late transition period (April 2008 to December 2009), a difference of −12.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] −13.5% to −12.2%). There was a significant fall in the mortality of patients presenting to the hospital with P. falciparum malaria (0.53% [100/18,965] versus 0.32% [57/17,691]; difference = −0.21% [95% CI −0.34 to −0.07]) but not in patients with P. vivax malaria (0.28% [21/7,545] versus 0.23% [28/12,397]; difference = −0.05% [95% CI −0.20 to 0.09]). Between the same periods, the overall proportion of malaria due to P. vivax rose from 44.1% (30,444/69,098) to 53.3% (29,934/56,125) in the community clinics and from 32.4% (9,325/28,789) to 44.1% (15,035/34,117) at the hospital. After controlling for population growth and changes in treatment-seeking behaviour, the incidence of P. falciparum malaria fell from 511 to 249 per 1,000 person-years (py) (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.49 [95% CI 0.48–0.49]), whereas the incidence of P. vivax malaria fell from 331 to 239 per 1,000 py (IRR = 0.72 [95% CI 0.71– 0.73]). The main limitations of our study were possible confounding from changes in healthcare provision, a growing population, and significant shifts in treatment-seeking behaviour following implementation of a new antimalarial policy. Conclusions In this area with high levels of antimalarial drug resistance, adoption of a universal policy of efficacious artemisinin-based therapy for malaria infections due to any Plasmodium species was associated with a significant reduction in total malaria-attributable morbidity and mortality. The burden of P. falciparum malaria was reduced to a greater extent than that of P. vivax malaria. In coendemic regions, the timely elimination of malaria will require that safe and effective radical cure of both the blood and liver stages of the parasite is widely available for all patients at risk of malaria.

Keyword(s)

Medicine

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https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/51710

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Scopus 2019