Publication: Estimating occupational exposure to vocs, svocs, particles and participant survey reported symptoms in central thailand rice farmers using multiple sampling techniques
Issued Date
2021-09-01
Resource Type
ISSN
16604601
16617827
16617827
Other identifier(s)
2-s2.0-85114095619
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol.18, No.17 (2021)
Suggested Citation
Saowanee Norkaew, Wantanee Phanprasit, Mark Gregory Robson, Susan Woskie, Brian T. Buckley Estimating occupational exposure to vocs, svocs, particles and participant survey reported symptoms in central thailand rice farmers using multiple sampling techniques. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol.18, No.17 (2021). doi:10.3390/ijerph18179288 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/77017
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Title
Estimating occupational exposure to vocs, svocs, particles and participant survey reported symptoms in central thailand rice farmers using multiple sampling techniques
Abstract
Thailand is known for its agricultural productivity and rice exportation. Most farms use small machines and manual labor, creating potential exposure to multiple health hazards. A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure pollutants liberated during preparation, pesticide applica-tion, and harvesting. Thirty rice farmers, mostly males from 41 to 50 years old, participated. The participant survey data showed that 53.3% of the respondents spent >2 h per crop on preparation, <1 h on pesticide application, and about 1–2 h harvesting; 86.7% of the respondents maintained and stored mechanical applicators at home, suggesting possible after-work exposures. Gloves, fabric masks, boots, and hats were worn during all activities, and >90% wore long sleeved shirts and pants. VOCs and SVOCs were collected using charcoal tubes and solid phase micro sample extraction (SPME). An analysis of the charcoal and SPME samplers found that 30 compounds were detected overall and that 10 were in both the charcoal tubes and SPME samplers. The chemicals most often detected were 1, 1, 1 Trichloro ethane and xylene. Additionally, farmers experienced the highest exposure to particulates during harvesting. These results demonstrated that farmers experience multiple exposures while farming and that risk communication with education or training programs may mitigate exposure.