Publication: Exposure to trinitrotoluene and health effects among workers in an artillery and ammunition plant
Issued Date
2012-12-01
Resource Type
ISSN
01252208
Other identifier(s)
2-s2.0-84871916701
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. Vol.95, No.SUPPL 6 (2012)
Suggested Citation
Pornpimol Kongtip, Smart Preklang, Witaya Yoosook, Suttinun Chantanakul Exposure to trinitrotoluene and health effects among workers in an artillery and ammunition plant. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. Vol.95, No.SUPPL 6 (2012). Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/14444
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Thesis
Title
Exposure to trinitrotoluene and health effects among workers in an artillery and ammunition plant
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Objective: To determine urinary trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2-amino-4, 6-dinitrotoluene (2ADNT) and 4-amino-2, 6-dinitrotoluene (4ADNT) and health effects upon workers in an ammunition plant. Material and Method: The urine samples from forty munition workers and forty office workers were monitored for TNT and its metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The workers were interviewed with a questionnaire. Results: The median levels of TNT and its metabolites were 112.84 and ranged from non-detectable (ND) to 1,833.81 mg/L. Median levels for 2ADNT were 11.66, ranging from ND to 360.89 mg/L. Median levels for 4ADNT were 19.95 and ranged from ND to 314.28 mg/L. There were significant correlations between TNT and 2ADNT in urine (r = 0.700, p-value < 0.001), as well as for TNT and 4ADNT (r = 0.783, p-value < 0.001). Exposed workers reported eye, nose and throat irritations, weakness and headaches with considerably higher frequency than non-exposed workers. Conclusion: TNT levels in urine were strongly associated with 4ADNT and 2ADNT levels. Workers exposed to TNT complained of nose, throat and eye irritation, along with overall weakness and headaches.