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- PublicationBariatric surgery reduces risk of endometrial cancer(2015-11-01) Sikarin Upala; Anawin Sanguankeo; Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Mahidol University
- PublicationEffect of N-terminal truncation on antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and membrane perturbation activity of Cc-CATH3(2015-10-01) Jiraphun Jittikoon; Narumon Ngamsaithong; Jutarat Pimthon; Opa Vajragupta; Mahidol University© 2015 The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea. A series of amino-terminal truncated analogues of quail antimicrobial peptide Cc-CATH3(1-29) were created and examined antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, cytotoxicity against mouse fibroblast cell line, and membrane perturbation activity against various membrane models. Parent peptide Cc-CATH3(1-29) and the first four-residue truncated peptide Cc-CATH3(5-29) were active in all tested experiments. In contrast, the eight- and twelve-residue truncated variants Cc-CATH3(9-29) and Cc-CATH3(13-29) appeared to have lost activities. Cc-CATH3(1-29) and Cc-CATH3(5-29) possessed antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2-4 and 1-2 μM, respectively. For cytotoxicity, Cc-CATH3(1-29) and Cc-CATH3(5-29) displayed cytotoxicity with the IC50 values of 9.33 and 4.93 μM, respectively. Cc-CATH3(5-29) induced greater liposome membranes disruption than Cc-CATH3(1-29) regardless of lipid type and composition. The leakage results of Cc-CATH3(1-29) share a similar trend with that in Cc-CATH3(5-29); they exhibit no preferential binding to anionic phospholipids. In conclusion, the results suggested that the first four residues at the N-terminus "RVRR" is not essential for presenting all test activities. In contrast, residues five to eight of "FWPL" are necessary as the exclusion of this short motif in Cc-CATH3(9-29) and Cc-CATH3(13-29) leads to a loss of activities. This study will be beneficial for further design and development of Cc-CATH3 to be novel antibiotic.
- PublicationAsymmetric synthesis of gem -difluoromethylenated linear triquinanes via cascade gem -difluoroalkyl radical cyclization(2015-01-16) Watcharaporn Thaharn; Darunee Soorukram; Chutima Kuhakarn; Patoomratana Tuchinda; Chaveng Pakawatchai; Saowanit Saithong; Vichai Reutrakul; Manat Pohmakotr; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla University© 2014 American Chemical Society. An asymmetric synthesis of gem-difluoromethylenated linear triquinanes is described exploiting the synthetic utilities of PhSCF2TMS (5) as a "•CF2- building block. The strategy involves fluoride-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of PhSCF2TMS (5) to chiral ketocyclopentenes 6 to provide silylated adducts 9 or alcohol derivatives 10 and 11. Subsequent cascade radical cyclization of the gem-difluoroalkyl radical generated from silylated adducts 9 or alcohols 10 and 11 afforded gem-difluoromethylenated linear triquinanes 16 as an approximate 1:1 mixture of two diastereomers (16A and 16B). Alternatively, a convenient asymmetric synthesis of gem-difluoromethylenated linear triquinanes 16A can be accomplished by oxidation of 16a (R = H) to provide ketotriquinane 17 followed by a highly stereoselective nucleophilic addition to 17 employing DIBAL, NaBH4, and various Grignard reagents.
- PublicationCell penetrable human scFv specific to middle domain of matrix protein-1 protects mice from lethal influenza(2015-01-14) Fonthip Dong-Din-On; Thaweesak Songserm; Tippawan Pissawong; Potjanee Srimanote; Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul; Kanyarat Thueng-In; Pattra Moonjit; Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul; Watee Seesuay; Wanpen Chaicumpa; Kasetsart University; Mahidol University; Thammasat University© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. A new anti-influenza remedy that can tolerate the virus antigenic variation is needed. Influenza virus matrix protein-1 (M1) is highly conserved and pivotal for the virus replication cycle: virus uncoating, assembly and budding. An agent that blocks the M1 functions should be an effective anti-influenza agent. In this study, human scFv that bound to recombinant M1 middle domain (MD) and native M1 of A/H5N1 was produced. Phage mimotope search and computerized molecular docking revealed that the scFv bound to the MD conformational epitope formed by juxtaposed helices 7 and 9 of the M1. The scFv was linked molecularly to a cell penetrable peptide, penetratin (PEN). The PEN-scFv (transbody), when used to treat the cells pre-infected with the heterologous clade/subclade A/H5N1 reduced the viral mRNA intracellularly and in the cell culture fluids. The transbody mitigated symptom severity and lung histopathology of the H5N1 infected mice and caused reduction of virus antigen in the tissues as well as extricated the animals from the lethal challenge in a dose dependent manner. The transbody specific to the M1 MD, either alone or in combination with the cognate human scFvs specific to other influenza virus proteins, should be an effective, safe and mutation tolerable anti-influenza agent.
- PublicationSpirituality as a scientific construct: Testing its universality across cultures and languages(2015-03-03) Douglas A. MacDonald; Harris L. Friedman; Jacek Brewczynski; Daniel Holland; Kiran Kumar K. Salagame; K. Krishna Mohan; Zuzana Ondriasova Gubrij; Hye Wook Cheong; University of Detroit Mercy; University of Florida; University of Utah; The Neurobehavior Center of Minnesota; University of Mysore; Makerere University; Mahidol University; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; DongWoo Fine-Chem Co., Ltd.© 2015, Public Library of Science. All rights reserved. Using data obtained from 4004 participants across eight countries (Canada, India, Japan, Korea, Poland, Slovakia, Uganda, and the U.S.), the factorial reliability, validity and structural/measurement invariance of a 30-item version of Expressions of Spirituality Inventory (ESI-R) was evaluated. The ESI-R measures a five factor model of spirituality developed through the conjoint factor analysis of several extant measures of spiritual constructs. Exploratory factor analyses of pooled data provided evidence that the five ESI-R factors are reliable. Confirmatory analyses comparing four and five factor models revealed that the five dimensional model demonstrates superior goodness-of-fit with all cultural samples and suggest that the ESI-R may be viewed as structurally invariant. Measurement invariance, however, was not supported as manifested in significant differences in item and dimension scores and in significantly poorer fit when factor loadings were constrained to equality across all samples. Exploratory analyses with a second adjective measure of spirituality using American, Indian, and Ugandan samples identified three replicable factors which correlated with ESI-R dimensions in a manner supportive of convergent validity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the meaning of the findings and directions needed for future research.
- PublicationNitric oxide and aggressive behavior of lung cancer cells(2015-01-01) Sudjit Luanpitpong; Pithi Chanvorachote; Mahidol University; Chulalongkorn UniversityNitric oxide (NO) is an important cell signaling molecule whose level is frequently elevated in many tumors including that of lung. Cellular phenotypes and behaviors are influenced by NO found in proximity to the tumor, namely the tumor microenvironment. In lung cancer, a high level of NO is linked to advanced stage and poor survival of patients. This review describes the promotory role of NO in aggressive behavior of lung cancer cells with a focus on apoptosis and anoikis resistance, cell migration and invasion and cancer stem cells, all of which are key determinants of cancer relapse and metastasis. We specifically address the effects of NO on the modulations of structure, stability, function and activity of key proteins, and discuss how these changes could affect aggressive behavior. Such knowledge will encourage additional experimental and clinical investigations that contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of cancer pathophysiology which could lead to targeted cancer therapy.
- PublicationTreatment of hemorrhoids: A coloproctologist's view(2015-08-21) Varut Lohsiriwat; Mahidol University© The Author(s) 2015. Hemorrhoids is recognized as one of the most common medical conditions in general population. It is clinically characterized by painless rectal bleeding during defecation with or without prolapsing anal tissue. Generally, hemorrhoids can be divided into two types: internal hemorrhoid and external hemorrhoid. External hemorrhoid usually requires no specific treatment unless it becomes acutely thrombosed or causes patients discomfort. Meanwhile, low-graded internal hemorrhoids can be effectively treated with medication and nonoperative measures (such as rubber band ligation and injection sclerotherapy). Surgery is indicated for highgraded internal hemorrhoids, or when non-operative approaches have failed, or complications have occurred. Although excisional hemorrhoidectomy remains the mainstay operation for advanced hemorrhoids and complicated hemorrhoids, several minimally invasive operations (including Ligasure hemorrhoidectomy, doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation and stapled hemorrhoidopexy) have been introduced into surgical practices in order to avoid post-hemorrhiodectomy pain. This article deals with some fundamental knowledge and current treatment of hemorrhoids in a view of a coloproctologist - which includes the management of hemorrhoids in complicated situations such as hemorrhoids in pregnancy, hemorrhoids in immunocompromised patients, hemorrhoids in patients with cirrhosis or portal hypertension, hemorrhoids in patients having antithrombotic agents, and acutely thrombosed or strangulated hemorrhoids. Future perspectives in the treatment of hemorrhoids are also discussed.
- PublicationThe effectiveness of inpatients rehabilitation for spinal cord patients in Siriraj hospital(2015-08-10) P. Rinkaewkan; V. Kuptniratsaikul; Mahidol University© 2015 International Spinal Cord Society. Study design:Retrospective study.Objectives:To study the effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.Setting:Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital.Subjects:SCI patients admitted from 2006 to 2010.Methods:Medical records of SCI patients including baseline characteristic, functional score using Barthel index (BI), length of stay (LOS) and complications were reviewed. The effectiveness and efficiency were calculated by difference of BI admission and BI discharge (ΔBI) and ΔBI/LOS, respectively. The factors associated with the effectiveness were then determined by multivariate linear regression analysis.Results:There were 201 admissions with complete data. There were 164 (81.6%) admissions that had objective for intensive rehabilitation. The average LOS was 39.8 days (s.d.=23.6). BI score was significantly increased after inpatient rehabilitation with the effectiveness of 13.0 (s.d.=15.2) and BI efficiency of 0.37 score per day (s.d.=0.47). SCI patients admitted for intensive rehabilitation goal had significantly better BI effectiveness and efficiency compared with other objective group. Only the objective of admission for intensive rehabilitation, the shorter duration of onset before admission, lower BI score on admission and absence of comorbidity were found to associate with the change of BI score.Conclusion:Inpatient rehabilitation is considered as important part for improving SCI patients' functional abilities. The shorter duration between SCI and rehabilitation, a lower BI score on admission, the absence of comorbidity and the ability to undertake an intensive rehabilitation program were positively associated with the effectiveness of rehabilitation. These factors should be taken care during inpatient rehabilitation program.
- PublicationThe effect of vegetarian diet on skin autofluorescence measurements in haemodialysis patients(2015-01-01) Arkom Nongnuch; Andrew Davenport; Mahidol University; UCL Medical SchoolCopyright © The Authors 2015. CVD remains the major cause of death for dialysis patients. Dialysis patients have both traditional and nontraditional risk factors, including the retention of advanced glycation end products (AGE). Tissue AGE can be measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF) and are a reliable measurement of chronic exposure. Dietary intake of AGE may be lower in vegetarian patients than in non-vegetarian patients, so we determined whether vegetarian patients had lower SAF than non-vegetarian patients. We measured SAF in 332 adult haemodialysis patients using a UV technique in a standardised manner. Information about patients' demographic data, laboratory results and current medicinal prescriptions was collected retrospectively from the hospital's computerised database. The mean patient age was 65·2 (sd 15·1) years, 64 % were men, 42 % were diabetic, and 66 % were Caucasian. The mean SAF was 3·26 (sd 0·95) arbitrary units (AU), and SAF was lower in vegetarians as compared to non-vegetarians (2·71 (sd 0·6) v. 3·31 (sd 0·97) AU, P= 0·002). SAF was negatively correlated on both univariate (r - 0·17, P= 0·002) and multiple linear regression (ß coefficient - 0·39, 95 % CI - 0·7, - 0·07, P= 0·019). SAF, a marker of tissue AGE deposition, was reduced in vegetarian haemodialysis patients after correction for known confounders, which suggests that a vegetarian diet may reduce exposure to preformed dietary AGE. Dietary manipulation could potentially reduce tissue AGE and SAF as well as CVD risk, but further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the present findings.
- PublicationAutomated classification between age-related macular degeneration and Diabetic macular edema in OCT image using image segmentation(2015-01-01) Jathurong Sugmk; Supapom Kiattisin; Adisom Leelasantitham; Mahidol University© 2014 IEEE. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic macular edema (DME) are to lead causes to make a visual loss in people. People are suffered from the use of many time to diagnose and to wait for treatment both of diseases. This paper proposes a step of image segmentation to be divided the optical coherence tomography (OCT) to find the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer and to detect a shape of drusen in RPE layer. Then, the RPE layer is used for finding retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and for detecting a bubble of blood area in RNFL complex. Finally, this method uses a binary classification to classify two diseases characteristic between AMD and DME. We use 16 OCT images of a case study to segmentation and classify two diseases. In the experimental results, 10 images of AMD and 6 images of DME can be detected and classified to accuracy of 87.5%.