Publication: Genetic determinants in hla and cytochrome p450 genes in the risk of aromatic antiepileptic-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions
Issued Date
2021-01-01
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ISSN
20754426
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2-s2.0-85106907639
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Journal of Personalized Medicine. Vol.11, No.5 (2021)
Suggested Citation
Ali Fadhel Ahmed, Chonlaphat Sukasem, Majeed Arsheed Sabbah, Nur Fadhlina Musa, Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor, Nur Aizati Athirah Daud Genetic determinants in hla and cytochrome p450 genes in the risk of aromatic antiepileptic-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Journal of Personalized Medicine. Vol.11, No.5 (2021). doi:10.3390/jpm11050383 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/78718
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Title
Genetic determinants in hla and cytochrome p450 genes in the risk of aromatic antiepileptic-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions
Abstract
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a pressing health problem, and one of the main reasons for treatment failure with antiepileptic drugs. This has become apparent in the event of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), which can be life-threatening. In this review, four hypotheses were identified to describe how the immune system is triggered in the development of SCARs, which predominantly involve the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. Several genetic variations in HLA genes have been shown to be strongly associated with the susceptibility to developing SCARs when prescribed carbamazepine or phenytoin. These genetic variations were also shown to be prevalent in certain populations. Apart from the HLA genes, other genes proposed to affect the risk of SCARs are genes encoding for CYP450 drug-metabolising enzymes, which are involved in the pharmacokinetics of offending drugs. Genetic variants in CYP2C9 and CYPC19 enzymes were also suggested to modulate the risk of SCARs in some populations. This review summarizes the literature on the manifestation and aetiology of antiepileptic-induced SCARs, updates on pharmacogenetic markers associated with this reaction and the implementation of pre-emptive testing as a preventive strategy for SCARs.