Publication: Only a small proportion of anemia in northeast Thai schoolchildren is associated with iron deficiency
Issued Date
2005-12-01
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ISSN
00029165
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2-s2.0-24044457616
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol.82, No.2 (2005), 380-387
Suggested Citation
Rosanne A. Thurlow, Pattanee Winichagoon, Timothy Green, Emorn Wasantwisut, Tippawan Pongcharoen, Karl B. Bailey, Rosalind S. Gibson Only a small proportion of anemia in northeast Thai schoolchildren is associated with iron deficiency. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol.82, No.2 (2005), 380-387. Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/16709
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Title
Only a small proportion of anemia in northeast Thai schoolchildren is associated with iron deficiency
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Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency is assumed to be the major cause of anemia in northeast Thailand, but other factors may be involved. Objective: We determined the prevalence of anemia among schoolchildren in northeast Thailand and the role of hemoglobinopathies, selected micronutrient deficiencies, and other factors in hemoglobin status. Design: Blood samples were collected from 567 children aged 6-12.9 y attending 10 primary schools for the determination of a complete blood count and hemoglobin type [Hb AA (normal hemoglobin), Hb AE (heterozygous for Hb type E), and Hb EE (homozygous for Hb type E)] and the measurement of serum ferritin, transferrin receptor, retinol, vitamin B-12, and plasma and erythrocyte folate concentrations. Children with a C-reactive protein concentration ≥ 10 mg/L (n = 12), which indicated infection, were excluded. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 31%. Age, hemoglobin type, and serum retinol were the major predictors of hemoglobin concentration. Hb AA and Hb AE children with anemia had lower (P < 0.01) hematocrit, mean cell volume, and serum retinol values than did their nonanemic counterparts; no significant differences in serum ferritin were found by hemoglobin type. Only 16% (n = 22) of the anemic Hb AA and Hb AE children were iron deficient. Hb AA and Hb AE children with a serum retinol concentration <0.70 μmol/L (n = 14) had a significantly higher geometric mean serum ferritin concentration than did those with a retinol concentration ≥0.70 μmol/L (P = 0.009); no significant difference in transferrin receptor concentrations was found between these 2 groups. Conclusions: Hemoglobinopathies, suboptimal vitamin A status, and age were the major predictors of hemoglobin concentration. The contribution of iron deficiency to anemia was low, and its detection was complicated by coexisting suboptimal vitamin A status. © 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition.