Incidence of diabetes in Asian population and diabetic bone quality.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by high blood glucose levels and divided into two types, type 1diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM known as non-insulin dependent diabetes, which is due to insulin resistance and relative deficiency. World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the prevalence of diabetes for all age groups worldwide will be doubled in in 2030. Shockingly, the Bureau of Non Communicable Disease of Thailand found similar trend for Thai population. They claimed that it could be caused by changes of the style of food consumption specially popularity of the western like diets that contain high fat and sugar. Apart from the classical complication of diabetes such as cardiac failure, diabetic nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, adverse effects associated with bone health become increasing apparently. Despite a number of studies in biological alteration of skeleton affected by chronic hyperglycemic diabetes, the association between DM and osteoporosis remained controversial. This review focused on the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Asian population as well as the metabolic abnormalities of DM potentially affecting bone metabolism, structures and mineral density.