Publication: Effect of Pulsed Direct Current on Iontophoretic Delivery of Pramipexole across Human Epidermal Membrane In Vitro
Issued Date
2021-07-01
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ISSN
1573904X
07248741
07248741
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2-s2.0-85108167719
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Pharmaceutical Research. Vol.38, No.7 (2021), 1187-1198
Suggested Citation
Kamchai Saepang, S. Kevin Li, Doungdaw Chantasart Effect of Pulsed Direct Current on Iontophoretic Delivery of Pramipexole across Human Epidermal Membrane In Vitro. Pharmaceutical Research. Vol.38, No.7 (2021), 1187-1198. doi:10.1007/s11095-021-03055-3 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/76122
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Title
Effect of Pulsed Direct Current on Iontophoretic Delivery of Pramipexole across Human Epidermal Membrane In Vitro
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Abstract
Purpose: Pulsed direct current (PDC) iontophoresis, by allowing skin depolarization, was suggested to provide more efficient ion transport, but the extent of its enhancement effect was unclear. PDC could also offer electric-customized drug delivery. This study examined the effect of PDC iontophoresis on transdermal delivery of pramipexole dihydrochloride (PXCl). Methods: Iontophoretic delivery of PXCl across human epidermal membrane from pH 7.0 solution was conducted in vitro using continuous direct current (DC) and 6- and 12-cycle PDC iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm2 and total applied duration of 6 h). Different parameters of PDC iontophoresis were studied, including current density (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mA/cm2) and on-off current dosing pattern (1 h/3 h, 0.5 h/3.5 h, and 0.2 h/3.8 h). Results: Both 6- and 12-cycle PDC iontophoresis protocols provided modulation of the permeation profile but delivered smaller amounts of PXCl (396 and 400 μg/cm2, respectively) as compared with continuous DC iontophoresis (482 μg/cm2) at 24 h after 0.5 mA/cm2 and 180 mA/cm2 × min current dose application. Increasing applied current density from 0.1 to 0.5 mA/cm2 increased the PDC iontophoretic flux of PXCl linearly from 5.3 to 14.6 μg/cm2·h (R2 = 0.887). Varying the current level and duration but at the same applied current dose (36 mA/cm2 × min), the total amount of PXCl delivered by PDC iontophoresis at 24 h was independent of the on-off dosing pattern studied (114–128 μg/cm2). Conclusions: The results indicate that PDC iontophoresis can benefit transdermal delivery of PXCl in terms of controlling its permeation but does not enhance iontophoretic transport compared to continuous DC iontophoresis under the conditions studied.