Publication: Declining Efficacy of Artemisinin Combination Therapy Against P. Falciparum Malaria on the Thai-Myanmar Border (2003-2013): The Role of Parasite Genetic Factors
Issued Date
2016-09-15
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ISSN
15376591
10584838
10584838
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2-s2.0-84995428289
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Clinical Infectious Diseases. Vol.63, No.6 (2016), 784-791
Suggested Citation
Aung Pyae Phyo, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Tim J.C. Anderson, Zbynek Bozdech, Verena I. Carrara, Kanlaya Sriprawat, Shalini Nair, Marina Mc Dew White, Jerzy Dziekan, Clare Ling, Stephane Proux, Kamonchanok Konghahong, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Charles J. Woodrow, Mallika Imwong, Rose McGready, Khin Maung Lwin, Nicholas P.J. Day, Nicholas J. White, Francois Nosten Declining Efficacy of Artemisinin Combination Therapy Against P. Falciparum Malaria on the Thai-Myanmar Border (2003-2013): The Role of Parasite Genetic Factors. Clinical Infectious Diseases. Vol.63, No.6 (2016), 784-791. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw388 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/41155
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Title
Declining Efficacy of Artemisinin Combination Therapy Against P. Falciparum Malaria on the Thai-Myanmar Border (2003-2013): The Role of Parasite Genetic Factors
Author(s)
Aung Pyae Phyo
Elizabeth A. Ashley
Tim J.C. Anderson
Zbynek Bozdech
Verena I. Carrara
Kanlaya Sriprawat
Shalini Nair
Marina Mc Dew White
Jerzy Dziekan
Clare Ling
Stephane Proux
Kamonchanok Konghahong
Atthanee Jeeyapant
Charles J. Woodrow
Mallika Imwong
Rose McGready
Khin Maung Lwin
Nicholas P.J. Day
Nicholas J. White
Francois Nosten
Elizabeth A. Ashley
Tim J.C. Anderson
Zbynek Bozdech
Verena I. Carrara
Kanlaya Sriprawat
Shalini Nair
Marina Mc Dew White
Jerzy Dziekan
Clare Ling
Stephane Proux
Kamonchanok Konghahong
Atthanee Jeeyapant
Charles J. Woodrow
Mallika Imwong
Rose McGready
Khin Maung Lwin
Nicholas P.J. Day
Nicholas J. White
Francois Nosten
Abstract
© 2016 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Background. Deployment of mefloquine-artesunate (MAS3) on the Thailand-Myanmar border has led to a sustained reduction in falciparum malaria, although antimalarial efficacy has declined substantially in recent years. The role of Plasmodium falciparum K13 mutations (a marker of artemisinin resistance) in reducing treatment efficacy remains controversial. Methods. Between 2003 and 2013, we studied the efficacy of MAS3 in 1005 patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in relation to molecular markers of resistance. Results. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-adjusted cure rates declined from 100% in 2003 to 81.1% in 2013 as the proportions of isolates with multiple Pfmdr1 copies doubled from 32.4% to 64.7% and those with K13 mutations increased from 6.7% to 83.4%. K13 mutations conferring moderate artemisinin resistance (notably E252Q) predominated initially but were later overtaken by propeller mutations associated with slower parasite clearance (notably C580Y). Those infected with both multiple Pfmdr1 copy number and a K13 propeller mutation were 14 times more likely to fail treatment. The PCR-adjusted cure rate was 57.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.4, 68.3) compared with 97.8% (95% CI, 93.3, 99.3) in patients with K13 wild type and Pfmdr1 single copy. K13 propeller mutation alone was a strong risk factor for recrudescence (P =. 009). The combined population attributable fraction of recrudescence associated with K13 mutation and Pfmdr1 amplification was 82%. Conclusions. The increasing prevalence of K13 mutations was the decisive factor for the recent and rapid decline in efficacy of artemisinin-based combination (MAS3) on the Thailand-Myanmar border.