Publication: Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and smoking in the risk of chronic periodontitis
Issued Date
2016-11-01
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ISSN
00223492
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2-s2.0-84992585815
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Journal of Periodontology. Vol.87, No.11 (2016), 1343-1351
Suggested Citation
Soranun Chantarangsu, Thanyachai Sura, Sanutm Mongkornkarn, Kobkiat Donsakul, Kitti Torrungruang Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and smoking in the risk of chronic periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology. Vol.87, No.11 (2016), 1343-1351. doi:10.1902/jop.2016.160222 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/43578
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Title
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and smoking in the risk of chronic periodontitis
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Abstract
Background: Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been implicated in susceptibility to infections and bone-related diseases. However, their relationship with periodontal disease remains unclear. This cross-sectional study investigates whether susceptibility to chronic periodontitis (CP) in a Thai population is associated with VDR polymorphisms. Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from 1,460 participants, aged 39 to 66 years. Genotyping of VDR polymorphisms (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Participants were categorized into three groups: 1) no/mild; 2) moderate; and 3) severe CP. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine degree of association between VDR polymorphisms and periodontal status adjusted for known confounders. Results: The CC+CT genotypes of FokI polymorphism were associated with severe CP with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 to 2.8). Compared with genotypenegative (TT) non-smokers, positivity for the risk genotypes (CC+CT) alone and current smoking alone were associated with severe CP with ORs of 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1 to 3.2) and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.0 to 6.2), respectively. The combination of being genotype positive and smoking further increased the OR to 9.6 (95% CI: 4.5 to 20.4). This combined effect was 3.7 times (95% CI: 1.2 to 11.1) greater than expected from the sum of their individual effects, indicating a synergistic interaction. No significant association was observed between other polymorphisms and CP. Conclusion: FokI CC+CT genotypes were associated with increased susceptibility to severe CP, which was aggravated further when combined with smoking.