น้ำหนักที่เพิ่มขึ้นขณะตั้งครรภ์กับทารกแรกเกิดน้ำหนักต่ำกว่าปกติ

Abstract

Objective: To study the relation between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and the occurrence of infant low birth weight. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Four Maternal and Child Hospitals ( Ratchaburi, Khon Kaen, Yala and NaKhon Sawan) and Rajvithi Hospital. Subjects: Two thousand and three hundred pregnant women who attended prenatal services and delivered at 4 Maternal and Child Hospitals and Rajvithi Hospital during 9 months between 1st July 1995 and 31st March 1996. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires, record forms and medical instruments which comprised 3 parts: part 1 general characteristics including demography and socio-economy, part 2 specific information including gestational age, history of illness during pregnancy, and part 3 measurement data including body weight, height, blood pressure etc. The obtained data were analyzed by statistical program. Main outcome measures: Mean and standard deviation of body mass index before pregnancy and delivery, weight gain during gestational age and infant birth weight. Results: Group of weight gain during pregnancy < 12 kg had the proportion of LBW higher than groups of 12- 16 kg and > 16 kg (p = 0.012, p = 0.025). The average of weight gain in LBW group was less than the other one (p < 0.001). Group of BMI at delivery < 25 kg/m2 had the proportion of LBW higher than group of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (p = 0.001). Group of being pregnancy-induced hypertension and group of pre-term birth had the proportion of LBW higher than group of none (p < 0.001, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Pregnant women of weight gain < 12 kg and BMI at delivery < 25 kg/m2 had chance more likely to develop LBW than other groups. Therefore, appropriate control of body weight during pregnancy was the essential measure to decrease the occurrence of LBW.