Psychiatric rehabilitation in the twenty-first century

Abstract

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019. All rights reserved. During the past century, various kinds of psychiatric rehabilitation were developed continuously. In the past, psychiatric rehabilitation was aimed in housing after deinstitutionalization. Supported housing services have contributed to more freedom and more social skills for patients when compared to earlier hospital-based services. To integrate these people into their communities, vocational rehabilitation is significant in recovery process. Supported employment which provides individual placement in competitive employment has several benefits. As impairments in psychosocial functioning are common in people with severe mental illness (SMI), the social skills training should be integrated into a multimodal treatment program and adjusted to the individual needs. Moreover, having cognitive deficit in patients with SMI is related with functional outcome concerning employment, independent living, and community and by using the concept of neuroplasticity such as cognitive remediation therapy, cognitive adaptation training (CAT), and computer-assisted cognitive retraining (CACR) were developed and have become more popular in the twenty-first century. Finally, metacognitive training (MCT) as a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, and cognitive remediation aims to provide insight for various cognitive biases has been developed. However, the studies to prove the effectiveness of these interventions need to be further investigated. social functioning. Thus, many interventions of cognitive rehabilitation designed by using the concept of neuroplasticity such as cognitive remediation therapy, cognitive adaptation training (CAT), and computer-assisted cognitive retraining (CACR) were developed and have become more popular in the twenty-first century. Finally, metacognitive training (MCT) as a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, and cognitive remediation aims to provide insight for various cognitive biases has been developed. However, the studies to prove the effectiveness of these interventions need to be further investigated.