Publication: Determinants of mortality in a combined cohort of 501 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: Implications for improving outcomes
Issued Date
2014-03-01
Resource Type
ISSN
15376591
10584838
10584838
Other identifier(s)
2-s2.0-84894235223
Rights
Mahidol University
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Clinical Infectious Diseases. Vol.58, No.5 (2014), 736-745
Suggested Citation
Joseph N. Jarvis, Tihana Bicanic, Angela Loyse, Daniel Namarika, Arthur Jackson, Jesse C. Nussbaum, Nicky Longley, Conrad Muzoora, Jacob Phulusa, Kabanda Taseera, Creto Kanyembe, Douglas Wilson, Mina C. Hosseinipour, Annemarie E. Brouwer, Direk Limmathurotsakul, Nicholas White, Charles Van Der Horst, Robin Wood, Graeme Meintjes, John Bradley, Shabbar Jaffar, Thomas Harrison Determinants of mortality in a combined cohort of 501 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: Implications for improving outcomes. Clinical Infectious Diseases. Vol.58, No.5 (2014), 736-745. doi:10.1093/cid/cit794 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/34286
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Authors
Journal Issue
Thesis
Title
Determinants of mortality in a combined cohort of 501 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: Implications for improving outcomes
Author(s)
Joseph N. Jarvis
Tihana Bicanic
Angela Loyse
Daniel Namarika
Arthur Jackson
Jesse C. Nussbaum
Nicky Longley
Conrad Muzoora
Jacob Phulusa
Kabanda Taseera
Creto Kanyembe
Douglas Wilson
Mina C. Hosseinipour
Annemarie E. Brouwer
Direk Limmathurotsakul
Nicholas White
Charles Van Der Horst
Robin Wood
Graeme Meintjes
John Bradley
Shabbar Jaffar
Thomas Harrison
Tihana Bicanic
Angela Loyse
Daniel Namarika
Arthur Jackson
Jesse C. Nussbaum
Nicky Longley
Conrad Muzoora
Jacob Phulusa
Kabanda Taseera
Creto Kanyembe
Douglas Wilson
Mina C. Hosseinipour
Annemarie E. Brouwer
Direk Limmathurotsakul
Nicholas White
Charles Van Der Horst
Robin Wood
Graeme Meintjes
John Bradley
Shabbar Jaffar
Thomas Harrison
Other Contributor(s)
St George's University of London
University of Cape Town
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
University of North Carolina Project
University of California, San Francisco
Mbarara University of Science and Technology
Edendale Hospital
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
Mahidol University
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Imperial College London
University of Cape Town
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
University of North Carolina Project
University of California, San Francisco
Mbarara University of Science and Technology
Edendale Hospital
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
Mahidol University
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Imperial College London
Abstract
Background. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a leading cause of death in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Identifying factors associated with mortality informs strategies to improve outcomes.Methods. Five hundred one patients with HIV-associated CM were followed prospectively for 10 weeks during trials in Thailand, Uganda, Malawi, and South Africa. South African patients (n = 266) were followed for 1 year. Similar inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied at all sites. Logistic regression identified baseline variables independently associated with mortality.Results. Mortality was 17% at 2 weeks and 34% at 10 weeks. Altered mental status (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-5.9), high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fungal burden (OR, 1.4 per log10colony-forming units/mL increase; 95% CI, 1.0-1.8), older age (>50 years; OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.4-11.1), high peripheral white blood cell count (>10 × 109cells/L; OR, 8.7; 95% CI, 2.5-30.2), fluconazole-based induction treatment, and slow clearance of CSF infection were independently associated with 2-week mortality. Low body weight, anemia (hemoglobin <7.5 g/dL), and low CSF opening pressure were independently associated with mortality at 10 weeks in addition to altered mental status, high fungal burden, high peripheral white cell count, and older age.In those followed for 1 year, overall mortality was 41%. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome occurred in 13% of patients and was associated with 2-week CSF fungal burden (P =. 007), but not with time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART).Conclusions. CSF fungal burden, altered mental status, and rate of clearance of infection predict acute mortality in HIV-associated CM. The results suggest that earlier diagnosis, more rapidly fungicidal amphotericin-based regimens, and prompt immune reconstitution with ART are priorities for improving outcomes. © 2013 The Author.