Publication: Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of biocides in wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments in Thailand
Issued Date
2019-11-10
Resource Type
ISSN
18791026
00489697
00489697
Other identifier(s)
2-s2.0-85068760314
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Mahidol University
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Science of the Total Environment. Vol.690, (2019), 1110-1119
Suggested Citation
Kanokthip Juksu, Jian Liang Zhao, You Sheng Liu, Li Yao, Charoon Sarin, Siranee Sreesai, Pantip Klomjek, Yu Xia Jiang, Guang Guo Ying Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of biocides in wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments in Thailand. Science of the Total Environment. Vol.690, (2019), 1110-1119. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.097 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/50893
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Title
Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of biocides in wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments in Thailand
Abstract
© 2019 Elsevier B.V. This study investigated the occurrence and fate of 19 biocides in 8 wastewater treatment plants and receiving aquatic environments (both freshwater and estuarine systems) in Thailand. The predominant compound in wastewater and surface water was methylparaben with the maximum concentration of 15.2 μg/L detected in the receiving river, while in sludge and sediment was triclocarban with the maximum concentration of 8.47 μg/g in sludge. Triclosan was the main contaminants in the fish samples with the maximum concentration of 1.20 μg/g. Similar results of biocides were found in the estuarine system in Pattaya city, with the maximum concentration of 185 ng/L in sea water for methylparaben, and 242 ng/g in estuarine sediment for triclocarban. The aqueous removal rates for the biocides ranged from 15% to 95% in average. The back estimated-usage and total estimated emission of Ʃ19 biocides in Thailand was 279 and 202 tons/year, respectively. Preliminary ecological risk assessment showed that clotrimazole and triclosan could pose high risks to aquatic organisms in the receiving aquatic environments.