Publication: Cadmium induces CCL2 production in glioblastoma cells via activation of MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways
Issued Date
2020-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
15476901
1547691X
1547691X
Other identifier(s)
2-s2.0-85092939213
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Journal of Immunotoxicology. Vol.17, No.1 (2020), 186-193
Suggested Citation
Thitima Kasemsuk, Suttinee Phuagkhaopong, Ruedeemars Yubolphan, Norapat Rungreangplangkool, Pornpun Vivithanaporn Cadmium induces CCL2 production in glioblastoma cells via activation of MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways. Journal of Immunotoxicology. Vol.17, No.1 (2020), 186-193. doi:10.1080/1547691X.2020.1829211 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/59997
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Title
Cadmium induces CCL2 production in glioblastoma cells via activation of MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways
Abstract
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Cadmium (Cd) is accumulated in human astrocytes and induces the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Astrocytes are one of the major sources of chemokine C–C motif ligand 2 (CCL2; known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1]), in the brain. Elevated CCL2 levels are associated with cognitive impairment as well as the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells. The present study hypothesized that non-toxic concentrations of Cd (as cadmium chloride [CdCl2]) could up-regulate CCL2 production in U-87 MG human glio-blastoma cells. The results showed that after exposure of the U-87 MG cells to CdCl2 at 1 and 10 µM, there was an up-regulation of CCL2 mRNA expression after 3 h of exposure and increased CCL2 secretion after 6 and 24 h. The study also found that inhibition of MAPK pathways, including ERK1/2, p38, and JNK by U0126, SB203580 and SP600125, respectively, reduced Cd-induced CCL2 secretion by the cells. Moreover, when cells were pretreated with Ro 32-0432 (an inhibitor of calcium-dependent PKC) and LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor), this also resulted in a down-regulation of any Cd-induced CCL2 expression. Taken together, the results of this study allow for the conclusion to be made that CCL2 up-regulation in U-87 MG cells induced by Cd is mediated, in part, by an activation of MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and PKC pathways.