Publication: Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis
Issued Date
2020-08-24
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ISSN
1469994X
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2-s2.0-85089366971
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Vol.22, No.9 (2020), 1653-1656
Suggested Citation
Roengrudee Patanavanich, Stanton A. Glantz Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Vol.22, No.9 (2020), 1653-1656. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa082 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/59191
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Title
Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis
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Abstract
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved.For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. INTRODUCTION: Smoking depresses pulmonary immune function and is a risk factor contracting other infectious diseases and more serious outcomes among people who become infected. This paper presents a meta-analysis of the association between smoking and progression of the infectious disease COVID-19. METHODS: PubMed was searched on April 28, 2020, with search terms "smoking", "smoker*", "characteristics", "risk factors", "outcomes", and "COVID-19", "COVID", "coronavirus", "sar cov-2", "sar cov 2". Studies reporting smoking behavior of COVID-19 patients and progression of disease were selected for the final analysis. The study outcome was progression of COVID-19 among people who already had the disease. A random effects meta-analysis was applied. RESULTS: We identified 19 peer-reviewed papers with a total of 11,590 COVID-19 patients, 2,133 (18.4%) with severe disease and 731 (6.3%) with a history of smoking. A total of 218 patients with a history of smoking (29.8%) experienced disease progression, compared with 17.6% of non-smoking patients. The meta-analysis showed a significant association between smoking and progression of COVID-19 (OR 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-2.59, p = 0.001). Limitations in the 19 papers suggest that the actual risk of smoking may be higher. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is a risk factor for progression of COVID-19, with smokers having higher odds of COVID-19 progression than never smokers. IMPLICATIONS: Physicians and public health professionals should collect data on smoking as part of clinical management and add smoking cessation to the list of practices to blunt the COVID-19 pandemic.