Publication: Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Pursat province, western Cambodia: A parasite clearance rate study
Issued Date
2012-11-01
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ISSN
14744457
14733099
14733099
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2-s2.0-84867917706
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Vol.12, No.11 (2012), 851-858
Suggested Citation
Chanaki Amaratunga, Sokunthea Sreng, Seila Suon, Erika S. Phelps, Kasia Stepniewska, Pharath Lim, Chongjun Zhou, Sivanna Mao, Jennifer M. Anderson, Niklas Lindegardh, Hongying Jiang, Jianping Song, Xin zhuan Su, Nicholas J. White, Arjen M. Dondorp, Tim J C Anderson, Michael P. Fay, Jianbing Mu, Socheat Duong, Rick M. Fairhurst Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Pursat province, western Cambodia: A parasite clearance rate study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Vol.12, No.11 (2012), 851-858. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70181-0 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/14583
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Title
Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Pursat province, western Cambodia: A parasite clearance rate study
Author(s)
Chanaki Amaratunga
Sokunthea Sreng
Seila Suon
Erika S. Phelps
Kasia Stepniewska
Pharath Lim
Chongjun Zhou
Sivanna Mao
Jennifer M. Anderson
Niklas Lindegardh
Hongying Jiang
Jianping Song
Xin zhuan Su
Nicholas J. White
Arjen M. Dondorp
Tim J C Anderson
Michael P. Fay
Jianbing Mu
Socheat Duong
Rick M. Fairhurst
Sokunthea Sreng
Seila Suon
Erika S. Phelps
Kasia Stepniewska
Pharath Lim
Chongjun Zhou
Sivanna Mao
Jennifer M. Anderson
Niklas Lindegardh
Hongying Jiang
Jianping Song
Xin zhuan Su
Nicholas J. White
Arjen M. Dondorp
Tim J C Anderson
Michael P. Fay
Jianbing Mu
Socheat Duong
Rick M. Fairhurst
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background: Artemisinin-resistant . Plasmodium falciparum has been reported in Pailin, western Cambodia, detected as a slow parasite clearance rate in vivo. Emergence of this phenotype in western Thailand and possibly elsewhere threatens to compromise the effectiveness of all artemisinin-based combination therapies. Parasite genetics is associated with parasite clearance rate but does not account for all variation. We investigated contributions of both parasite genetics and host factors to the artemisinin-resistance phenotype in Pursat, western Cambodia. Methods: Between June 19 and Nov 28, 2009, and June 26 and Dec 6, 2010, we enrolled patients aged 10 years or older with uncomplicated falciparum malaria, a density of asexual parasites of at least 10 000 per μL of whole blood, no symptoms or signs of severe malaria, no other cause of febrile illness, and no chronic illness. We gave participants 4 mg/kg artesunate at 0, 24, and 48 h, 15 mg/kg mefloquine at 72 h, and 10 mg/kg mefloquine at 96 h. We assessed parasite density on thick blood films every 6 h until undetectable. The parasite clearance half-life was calculated from the parasite clearance curve. We genotyped parasites with 18 microsatellite markers and patients for haemoglobin E, α-thalassaemia, and a mutation of . G6PD, which encodes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. To account for the possible effects of acquired immunity on half-life, we used three surrogates for increased likelihood of exposure to . P falciparum: age, sex, and place of residence. This study is registered with . ClinicalTrials.gov, number . NCT00341003. Findings: We assessed 3504 individuals from all six districts of Pursat province seeking treatment for malaria symptoms. We enrolled 168 patients with falciparum malaria who met inclusion criteria. The geometric mean half-life was 5·85 h (95% CI 5·54-6·18) in Pursat, similar to that reported in Pailin (p=0·109). We identified two genetically different parasite clone groups: parasite group 1 (PG1) and parasite group 2 (PG2). Non-significant increases in parasite clearance half-life were seen in patients with haemoglobin E (0·55 h; p=0·078), those of male sex (0·96 h; p=0·064), and in 2010 (0·68 h; p=0·068); PG1 was associated with a significant increase (0·79 h; p=0·033). The mean parasite heritability of half-life was 0·40 (SD 0·17). Interpretation: Heritable artemisinin resistance is established in a second Cambodian province. To accurately identify parasites that are intrinsically susceptible or resistant to artemisinins, future studies should explore the effect of erythrocyte polymorphisms and specific immune responses on half-life variation. Funding: Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.