Benefits of Nutrients and Phytonutrients in Nuts and Legumes on Platelet Aggregation Through DNA Methylation

Abstract

Platelets play a central role in hemostasis and thrombosis, but their hyperactivity is closely associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Appearing evidence emphasizes the importance of plant-based diets, especially those rich in nuts and legumes, which are associated with modulating platelet function and reducing CVD risks. Nuts and legumes are abundant sources of nutrients, including mono/polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These components, both nutrients and bioactive compounds, were reported to have antiplatelet aggregation properties. Furthermore, epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, regulate gene expression, including genes involved in platelet activation pathways, such as platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1), which are related to nutrients such as folate and methionine, contribute to one-carbon metabolism, and bioactive compounds promote methylation patterns related to DNA methylation enzymes and reduced platelet hyperactivity. So, this review summarizes current findings and explores the potential association between nuts and legumes consumption and platelet aggregation (PA) through DNA methylation, emphasizing their role in cardiovascular health and the potential for targeted dietary interventions.