Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only Recent progress in carbon nanotubes production via catalytic chemical vapour deposition(2025-08-01) Sivakumar M.; Ratchahat S.; Sivakumar M.; Mahidol UniversityThe production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) continues to be a key technique in nanotechnology, driven by ongoing advancements in catalyst design, carbon source optimization, and substrate materials. This review presents recent progress and novel findings in these areas, providing a comprehensive outlook on future directions. In catalysis, special attention is given to the development of single-atom and bimetallic catalysts, which offer improved control over CNT growth, greater efficiency, and enhanced sustainability due to their recyclability. Studies on catalyst preparation and activation mechanisms highlight how atomic dispersion and thermal stability significantly affect CNT morphology and yield. Additionally, new insights into catalyst sintering and deactivation mechanisms at elevated temperatures suggest strategies for extending catalyst lifespan and ensuring consistent performance. Optimizing synthesis conditions, including temperature regulation, carrier gas selection, and reaction time, has further refined control over CNT growth kinetics and structural properties. The ability to prevent catalyst deactivation and sintering at high temperatures remains a crucial factor in improving CNT yield and quality. This review also explores the impact of carbon source selection, emphasizing how the choice of precursors can modify CNT properties, alongside innovations in substrate materials that enable higher yields and improved uniformity of CNTs.Item Metadata only Qualitative study of patients' and clinicians' experiences of an educational intervention for warfarin therapy control in atrial fibrillation in Thailand(2025-03-13) Jiraporncharoen W.; Buawangpong N.; Angkurawaranon C.; Jolly K.; Neil Thomas G.; Phrommintikul A.; Krittayaphong R.; Nathishuwan S.; Lip G.Y.; Lane D.; Mathers J.; Jiraporncharoen W.; Mahidol UniversityOBJECTIVES: We aimed to understand the (1) perspectives of patients with atrial fibrilation (AF) regarding their experience and implementation of The SAMe-TT2R2 score-guided approach in anticoagulant-nave Thai patients with atrial fibrillation (TREATS-AF) educational intervention for warfarin therapy control, including views on cultural transferability to the Thai context, and (2) healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experience of implementing the intervention. DESIGN: Qualitative research study. SETTING: Three university hospitals and four tertiary care hospitals in Thailand. PARTICIPANTS: 13 newly diagnosed patients with AF and 13 HCPs delivering the TREATS-AF intervention, an intensive structured educational programme. METHODS: Semistructured interviews. Patient participants were interviewed at two time points: 4 weeks and 6 months after intervention delivery. HCPs were interviewed when they had at least 6 months experience of intervention delivery. A thematic analysis of content was informed by the framework analytical approach. RESULTS: 13 patients and 13 HCPs were interviewed; most were female (73.3% of patients and all HCPs). Mean age was 70 (68-76) and 40 (38-42.5) years for patients and HCPs, respectively. There were four categories related to the experience of the TREATS-AF intervention: (1) key experiences of the educational sessions, (2) core perceptions of the educational materials provided, (3) suggestions for improving the educational materials and session, and (4) behavioural change and self-management influenced by the TREATS-AF intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The TREATS-AF intervention assisted interviewees who were newly diagnosed with AF in preparing themselves with the necessary knowledge and skills to manage their condition. They stated that it increased their confidence in self-management.For implementation, regionalised Thai-related food and beverages, patients' literacy and family support should be considered, and infrastructure support for widespread use in healthcare settings would be required. TRIAL REGISTERATION NUMBER: TCTR20180711003.Item Metadata only Anticoagulation intensity and outcomes among southeast-Asians with moderate-to-severe mitral valve stenosis(2025-01-01) Puchsaka P.; Rattanavipanon W.; Phetroong S.; Ue-sethasakdhi R.; Wattanasombat S.; Wongtheptien W.; Nathisuwan S.; Puchsaka P.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: To determine the optimal anticoagulation intensity of warfarin in a South-East Asian population with moderate-to-severe rheumatic mitral stenosis. Methods: A multicentre, retrospective study examined patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis who had not undergone valve replacement or repair and required long-term warfarin therapy at two hospitals in Thailand from 2013 to 2018. The main outcomes were thromboembolism and major bleeding. Incidence rate ratios for these events at each level of anticoagulation intensity (international normalized ratio [INR]) were compared. Results: The study included 933 patients with 3538 patient-years of follow-up, a mean follow-up of 3.8 years and 23 700 INR values. Mean age was 56.1 ± 11.8 years. During follow-up, there were 149 thromboembolic events (4.2 per 100 patient-years) and 132 major bleeding events (3.7 per 100 patient-years). Net adverse clinical events were lowest at INR 2.50-2.99, with no significant difference between INR 2.00-2.49 and 3.00-3.50. Standard INR (2.0-3.0) and high-intensity INR (2.5-3.5) had comparable net adverse clinical event rates (incidence rate ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-1.54, P =.99). However, thromboembolism incidence was higher with standard INR (incidence rate ratio 2.49, 95% CI 1.13-6.23, P =.013), while major bleeding was lower (incidence rate ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.98, P =.045). No significant difference in intracranial haemorrhage rates was observed between the two INR intensities. Conclusion: The standard anticoagulation intensity is an optimal range for Asian population with moderate-to-severe rheumatic mitral stenosis. High intensity anticoagulation (INR of 2.50-3.50) further reduces thromboembolism but increases major bleeding but not intracranial haemorrhage.Item Metadata only Impact of Late HIV Diagnosis on Costs of Care in a Public Health Care Setting(2025-01-01) Samra R.S.; Griffiths P.M.; Lee S.J.; Smith E.L.; Rawson-Harris P.; Hoy J.F.; McMahon J.H.; Samra R.S.; Mahidol UniversityDespite increased HIV testing and access to treatment in Australia, presentations with advanced disease occur, placing a significant burden on the health system. We sought to describe costs associated with HIV care in the first year post diagnosis in a specialized, tertiary-level HIV service and identify factors predicting increased health care costs. People newly diagnosed with HIV from 2016 to 2020 were included in the study. Data were gathered regarding their demographics (age, gender, birthplace, and first language), HIV parameters (viral load [VL] and CD4 cell count), antiretroviral therapy start date, opportunistic illness history, and health care costs (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency) from 12 months of diagnosis. Multivariable modeling was used to identify factors associated with increased costs. We identified 147 people; median age 38 years, 90% male, median CD4 count at diagnosis 338 cells/µL with median initial cost of care AUD $22,929 (interquartile range $11,902-$39,175). Costs associated with advanced HIV diagnosis (CD4 < 200 cells/µL; n = 52) were more than double an early HIV diagnosis (CD4 ≧ 350 cells/µL; n = 69) (median $46,406 vs. $20,274; p < .001). In univariate analysis, older age, higher VL, low CD4 count, and VL >200 copies/mL after 6 months were associated with increased costs. In multivariate analysis, older age (p = .001) and CD4 count <200 cells/µL (p = .001) were the only factors predicting increased cost in the first year after HIV diagnosis. Prioritizing HIV testing strategies to allow earlier diagnosis of HIV would significantly reduce the financial burden of HIV care.Item Metadata only Translation and validation of the Thai version of health-related quality of life measure for children with epilepsy (CHEQOL-25)(2025-06-01) Lueangapapong N.; Thampratankul L.; Visudtibhan A.; Khongkhatithum C.; Lueangapapong N.; Mahidol UniversityPurpose: This study aimed to translate and validate the Health-Related Quality of Life Measure for Children with Epilepsy (CHEQOL-25) into Thai version (TH-CHEQOL-25), and to evaluate factors affecting quality of life (QOL). Methods: After approval by the original developer, cross cultural adaptation process of CHEQOL-25 was performed including forward translation by two translators, reconciliation, backward translation, and final approval by the original creator. TH-CHEQOL-25 was completed by 161 children with epilepsy aged 6–15 years and their parents twice in 10–14 days to assess its reliability and validity. Content validity was measured by an index of item-objective congruence (IOC) and a content validity index (CVI). The face validity and construct validity were assessed. Results: Internal consistency reliability, evaluated by Cronbach's α coefficient showed the acceptable reliability in three subscales of child self-report and four subscales of parent-proxy response scale. Both versions had good test–retest reliability as ICC for all items ranged between 0.68–0.85. The correlations between child-report and parent-proxy were acceptable. Higher number of anticonvulsants was significantly negatively correlated with poor QOL. Conclusions: TH-CHEQOL-25 is a reliable and valid tool to assess health-related QOL in Thai children with epilepsy. The parent-proxy version can be used if children cannot report it themselves.Item Metadata only Dimensions of the functional degrees of freedom of the first serve in tennis(2025-01-01) Parunchaya J.; Newell K.M.; Jessop D.; Von Lieres Und Wilkau H.; Irwin G.; Parunchaya J.; Mahidol UniversityWe examined the influence of court side and target location of the ball on the coordination and control of the tennis serve. Five male and five female experienced players performed 10 ‘first-serves’ to centre and wide targets. 3D kinematics of the service were analysed from two frames of reference: joint position (v) and joint angle (ω) with emphasis on the qualitative aspects of movement coordination. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed in all service location conditions the first two components accounted for ~80% of the total variance with the external frame of reference (elbow and shoulder v), and internal frame of reference (ω: left and right hip) contributing most to component 1 (~60%). Arm (ω: shoulder, elbow, wrist) contributed (~20%) to component 2. Serving toward the court T centre led to more variables involved in the organization of the motion. Peak mean racket head resultant velocity was similar with each serving condition, but higher in males than females. The PCA showed that the number of components (Functional Dimensions) was less than the number of joint space physical DFs. There was quantitative variation in individual kinematic variables within- and between- players but a common qualitative kinematic structure to the coordination solution.Item Metadata only Asian diversity in human immune cells(2025-01-01) Kock K.H.; Tan L.M.; Han K.Y.; Ando Y.; Jevapatarakul D.; Chatterjee A.; Lin Q.X.X.; Buyamin E.V.; Sonthalia R.; Rajagopalan D.; Tomofuji Y.; Sankaran S.; Park M.S.; Abe M.; Chantaraamporn J.; Furukawa S.; Ghosh S.; Inoue G.; Kojima M.; Kouno T.; Lim J.; Myouzen K.; Nguantad S.; Oh J.M.; Rayan N.A.; Sarkar S.; Suzuki A.; Thungsatianpun N.; Venkatesh P.N.; Moody J.; Nakano M.; Chen Z.; Tian C.; Zhang Y.; Tong Y.; Tan C.T.Y.; Tizazu A.M.; Loh M.; Hwang Y.Y.; Ho R.C.; Larbi A.; Ng T.P.; Won H.H.; Wright F.A.; Villani A.C.; Park J.E.; Choi M.; Liu B.; Maitra A.; Pithukpakorn M.; Suktitipat B.; Ishigaki K.; Okada Y.; Yamamoto K.; Carninci P.; Chambers J.C.; Hon C.C.; Matangkasombut P.; Charoensawan V.; Majumder P.P.; Shin J.W.; Park W.Y.; Prabhakar S.; Kock K.H.; Mahidol UniversityThe relationships of human diversity with biomedical phenotypes are pervasive yet remain understudied, particularly in a single-cell genomics context. Here, we present the Asian Immune Diversity Atlas (AIDA), a multi-national single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) healthy reference atlas of human immune cells. AIDA comprises 1,265,624 circulating immune cells from 619 donors, spanning 7 population groups across 5 Asian countries, and 6 controls. Though population groups are frequently compared at the continental level, we found that sub-continental diversity, age, and sex pervasively impacted cellular and molecular properties of immune cells. These included differential abundance of cell neighborhoods as well as cell populations and genes relevant to disease risk, pathogenesis, and diagnostics. We discovered functional genetic variants influencing cell-type-specific gene expression, which were under-represented in non-Asian populations, and helped contextualize disease-associated variants. AIDA enables analyses of multi-ancestry disease datasets and facilitates the development of precision medicine efforts in Asia and beyond.Item Metadata only Novel one-pot recovery and in-situ crystallization of polyhydroxybutyrate and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate biocomposite microparticles with comparative life cycle assessment(2025-07-01) Panaksri A.; Kuncharin P.; Neerawong P.; Panthong T.; Thanakornkriengkrai T.; Boonyagul S.; Pichaiaukrit W.; Wangtueai S.; Sathirapongsasuti N.; Jantanasakulwong K.; Rachtanapun P.; Worajittiphon P.; Wongsirichot P.; Tanadchangsaeng N.; Panaksri A.; Mahidol UniversityFormation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biopolymer composites with bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is essential in achieving mechanical properties needed for novel bone tissue engineering using PHB. However, composite microparticle synthesis typically requires multiple steps, including 1) PHB recovery and purification, 2) dispersion of HA and TCP particles in the melt or solvent-dissolved polymer liquid, and 3) micro-droplet drying. In this study, PHB/HA/TCP composite microparticles were successfully produced by one-pot biosynthesis. This was achieved during acid-based PHB recovery by utilizing the crystallization of native-amorphous granule PHB within Cupriavidus necator. In-situ PHB crystallization was successfully monitored by real-time attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). Additionally, the in-situ crystallization behavior was elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The most suitable conditions for synthesis of the PHB/HA/TCP composite were pH 2, and 20 min of reaction time, which capitalizes on the amorphous nature of the in-situ PHB during recovery. The HA and TCP did not function as nucleating agents, thereby not impacting accumulation and homogeneity. This allows HA/TCP bioceramics to be inserted into the polymer during the PHB recovery period, and after the crystallization step is completed, the composite microparticles could facilely form. The crystallization mechanism was found to be sporadic, and the morphology was a disc with two dimensions. Additionally, the life cycle assessment (LCA) revealed that the one-pot method reduced global warming potential (GWP) emissions by 50% and non-renewable energy use (NREU) by a comparable margin, compared to the conventional multi-step method for HA/TCP (20:80) production. These findings emphasize the environmental advantages of the one-pot approach alongside its cost and process efficiency. The demonstrated one-pot synthesis method would allow for more streamlined and cost-effective production of PHB/HA/TCP biocomposites. The materials produced and insights gained will be beneficial for future development of biopolymer composite processing and biomedical applications.Item Metadata only Synergistic antibacterial activity of curcumin and phage against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(2025-12-01) Janesomboon S.; Sawaengwong T.; Muangsombut V.; Vanaporn M.; Santanirand P.; Kritsiriwuthinan K.; Gundogdu O.; Chantratita N.; Nale J.Y.; Korbsrisate S.; Withatanung P.; Janesomboon S.; Mahidol UniversityAcinetobacter baumannii is a priority bacterial pathogen and leading cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). The average incidence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infections in ICUs is 41.7 cases/1,000 patients, highlighting the urgent need for more effective alternative therapies to replace carbapenems. Thus, this study aimed to investigate for the first time the antibacterial activity of curcumin in combination with the novel phage vB_AbaSI_1 to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii in vitro. Phage vB_AbaSI_1 (capsid diameter 91 nm, contractile tail 94/20 nm) was isolated from sewage and infects ~ 29% of the 131 bacterial isolates examined. The 52,783 kb phage genome has 75 ORFs, encodes an integrase, lacks tRNAs/virulence genes, and belongs to the Caudoviricetes. Commercially sourced curcumin (400 µg/mL), combined with phage vB_AbaSI_1 (MOI 100) reduced MDR A. baumannii 131 to undetectable levels 1 h post-treatment at 37 °C, and this efficacy was further extended for 5 h in double-dosed phage/curcumin-treated cultures. In contrast, treatment with just phage vB_AbaSI_1 reduced bacterial growth but rebounded within 3 h, while curcumin-only treated cultures showed only 1-log bacterial reduction compared to untreated control. The phage/curcumin synergy occurred exclusively with phage-susceptible strains pre-curcumin exposure. This suggests the potential disruption of bacterial cell membrane during phage infection allowing curcumin entry, as no synergy was observed with phage-resistant strains. This innovative strategy of combining phage and curcumin showed great efficacy at controlling MDR A. baumannii and has a potential for therapeutic deployment. Future work will focus on engineering the phage to make it therapeutically acceptable.Item Metadata only Allergic rhinitis and urticaria burden and antihistamine treatment options in Thailand: A modified Delphi study(2025-05-01) Chantaphakul H.; Chiewchalermsri C.; Mairiang D.; Lao-Araya M.; Piboonpocanun O.; Nanthapisal S.; Mitthamsiri W.; Kamchaisatian W.; Manuyakorn W.; Sangsupawanich P.; Chantaphakul H.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic urticaria impose significant socioeconomic burdens on lower-income countries. Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines, their implementation varies, and comprehensive data on these allergic conditions are notably lacking in Thailand. Objectives: We sought to describe current management strategies for AR and urticaria in Thailand. Methods: The Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Association of Thailand used a modified Delphi method to explore consensus on management strategies for AR and urticaria. Clinicians with expertise in these conditions provided input through a web-based questionnaire. The survey assessed disease burden in Thailand, its impact on quality of life, and the use of H1-antihistimine treatment options. Results: In total, 105 experts, mainly in allergy and immunology, with 70% having more than 10 years of clinical practice, provided input. Consensus was achieved on 22 (88%) of the 25 statements. Second-generation antihistamines were preferred as initial treatment for AR and urticaria because of their reduced sedation and lack of anticholinergic effects. Almost all participants (98.1%) recommended these antihistamines for acute and chronic urticaria. Additionally, 87.6% of the respondents favored up-dosing a single antihistamine agent for managing chronic urticaria. The benefits of orally disintegrating antihistamines were particularly noted for their ease of administration and patient compliance. Conclusion: Results indicate a knowledge gap in evidence-based practices among Thai clinicians. Addressing this gap through enhancing clinical guideline adherence and encouraging pharmacist involvement in patient care can improve access to medication and better disease management, ultimately improving patient outcomes while reducing the socioeconomic burden of AR and urticaria.Item Metadata only Exploring geographical variances in component-resolved diagnosis within the Asia-Pacific region(2025-03-01) Riggioni C.; Leung A.S.Y.; Wai C.Y.Y.; Davies J.M.; Sompornrattanaphan M.; Pacharn P.; Chamani S.; Brettig T.; Peters R.L.; Riggioni C.; Mahidol UniversityComponent-resolved diagnostics (CRD) have revolutionized allergy diagnosis, offering enhanced accuracy and insights into allergen sensitization patterns. This review explores geographical variances in CRD for food and aeroallergens across the Asia-Pacific region. We examine the varying prevalence of allergic diseases and the utility of CRD in diagnosing common food allergies, including peanut, shellfish, fish, wheat, and fruits. Notable differences in serum-specific (sp)IgE sensitization patterns and the clinical relevance of particular allergen components are observed between populations in Asian countries and those in Europe and the United States. For food allergies, the literature reports significant differences in allergen components and their diagnostic utility across various countries. Peanut allergy diagnostics, particularly Ara h 2 spIgE, show varying sensitivity and specificity between Asian and Western populations. In shellfish allergy, emerging allergens beyond tropomyosin are gaining importance in the Asia-Pacific region. Fish and wheat allergies also demonstrate unique sensitization patterns, emphasizing the need for region-specific diagnostic approaches. Regarding aeroallergens, pollen sensitization profiles vary widely across the region, influenced by local flora and climate, to influence symptoms of pollen food allergy syndrome. House dust mite allergens remain a significant concern, with high sensitization rates to major components like Der p 1, Der p 2, and the emerging Der p 23. The cross-reactivity between house dust mite and shellfish allergens is particularly relevant in this region. These findings emphasize the need for region-specific CRD approaches, considering local allergen profiles and sensitization patterns. As the prevalence of allergic diseases continues to rise in the Asia-Pacific, further research into locally relevant allergens and their components is crucial for improving diagnosis, patient management, and targeted immunotherapy strategies in this diverse region. (Figure presented.).Item Metadata only Reduced graphene oxide-gold/methylene blue composite on miniaturized electrochemical immunosensor for the label-free voltammetric determination of hepatitis B surface antigen(2025-05-01) Tyas A.A.; Sakti S.P.; Nacapricha D.; Uraisin K.; Susianti H.; Sabarudin A.; Saetear P.; Tyas A.A.; Mahidol UniversityThis study introduces a miniaturized, label-free electrochemical immunosensor incorporating a reduced graphene oxide-gold/methylene blue (rGO-Au/MB) composite-modified electrode for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The rGO-Au/MB composite was developed on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) through a two-step process involving in-situ electrochemical reduction and in-situ electropolymerization. Initially, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to create rGO-Au composite films from an aqueous mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and Au(III). Subsequently, in-situ electropolymerization of methylene blue (MB) was performed using CV to form the rGO-Au/MB composite. The composite-modified electrode's physical and electrochemical properties were characterized using CV, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. For HBsAg detection, the electrode was functionalized with HBsAg antibodies (HBsAb) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a blocking agent to prevent non-specific binding, resulting in the rGO-Au/MB/HBsAb/BSA immunosensor. Differential pulse voltammetry was employed to quantify HBsAg levels by measuring the current signals of polymerized MB, which served as a redox mediator. The decrease in polymerized MB signal correlated with the amount of HBsAg due to the binding of non-electrochemically active HBsAg to HBsAb. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor demonstrated a linear detection range of 60–1060 ng/mL and a detection limit of 25.7 ng/mL (3SD of regression/slope). Recovery studies in diluted serum samples showed satisfactory results, ranging from 80.4 % to 117.6 %. The proposed immunosensor offers potential as a point-of-care device due to its miniaturization and performance comparable to the chemiluminescence immunoassay method.Item Metadata only Unraveling the intricate molecular landscape and potential biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma through integrative epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling(2025-12-01) Mukherjee A.; Boonbangyang M.; K.S M.; Mukherjee A.; Mahidol UniversityLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortalities, characterized by substantial genetic heterogeneity that challenges a comprehensive understanding of its progression. This study employs next-generation sequencing data analysis to transform our comprehension of LUAD pathogenesis. Integrating epigenetic and transcriptomic data of LUAD patients, this approach assessed the critical regulatory occurrences, identified therapeutic targets, and offered profound insights into cancer molecular foundations. We employed the DNA methylation data to identify differentially methylated CpG sites and explored the transcriptome profiles of their adjacent genes. An intersectional analysis of gene expression profiles uncovered 419 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) influenced by smoke-induced differential DNA methylation, among which hub genes, including mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs), and ribosomal proteins (RPs) such as MRPS15, MRPS5, MRPL33, RPL24, RPL7L1, MRPL15, TUFM, MRPL22, and RSL1D1, were identified using a network-based approach. These hub genes were overexpressed and enriched to RNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, and mitochondrial translation, which is critical in LUAD progression. Enhancer Linking Methylation/Expression Relationship (ELMER) analysis revealed transcription factor (TF) binding motifs, such as JUN, NKX23, FOSB, RUNX3, and FOSL1, which regulated these hub genes through methylation-dependent enhancer dynamics. Predominant hypomethylation of MRPs and RPs disrupted mitochondrial function, contributed to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and metabolic reprogramming, favoring cancer cell survival. The survival analysis validated the clinical relevance of these hub genes, with high-expression cohorts exhibiting poor overall survival (OS) outcomes enlightened their relevance in LUAD pathogenesis and presented the potential for developing novel targeted therapeutic strategies.Item Metadata only Design of modular electrolysis and modular high-efficiency fuel cell systems for green hydrogen production and power generation with low emission of carbon dioxide(2025-07-01) Kongjui W.; Patthaveekongka W.; Jeraputra C.; Bumroongsri P.; Kongjui W.; Mahidol UniversityThis study presents a system model of the process for converting water and sunlight into green hydrogen which is then used to generate electrical energy with low emission of carbon dioxide. The proposed system model incorporates modular electrolysis cells for green hydrogen production and modular high-efficiency fuel cells for power generation. The results show that modular electrolysis cells can produce hydrogen at 149 tons/day. The produced hydrogen can be used to generate 100 MW of electricity. The carbon dioxide emission index is 0.206 tons/MWh which is lower than conventional technologies. The proposed systems have excellent performance in terms of efficiency and environmental pollution reduction. The results in this paper can be used in the process design for green hydrogen production and power generation.Item Metadata only Infectious diseases prevention and vaccination in migrants in Latin America: The challenges of transit through the treacherous Darien gap, Panama(2025-05-01) Rodriguez-Morales A.J.; Puerta-Arias M.C.; Husni R.; Montenegro-Idrogo J.J.; Escalera-Antezana J.P.; Alvarado-Arnez L.E.; Bonilla-Aldana D.K.; Camacho-Moreno G.; Mendoza H.; Rodriguez-Sabogal I.A.; Millán-Oñate J.; Lopardo G.; Arce O.A.; Cimerman S.; Chaves T.d.S.S.; Orduna T.; Lloveras S.; Cabrera M.; Thormann M.; Özsürekçi Y.; Pérez-Sánchez C.; Sandoval N.; Zambrano L.; Alvarez-Moreno C.A.; Chacon-Cruz E.; Villamil-Gomez W.E.; Arteaga-Livias K.; Savio-Larriera E.; Cardona-Ospina J.A.; Risquez A.; Forero-Peña D.A.; Contreras K.; Sah R.; León-Figueroa D.A.; Acosta-España J.D.; Sierra L.; López-Delgado D.S.; Solarte-Portilla M.A.; Escobedo A.A.; Haque S.; Amer F.A.; Leblebicioglu H.; Ulloa-Gutierrez R.; Galan-Rodas E.; Matsee W.; Fernandez M.L.; Echazarreta S.; Cabieses B.; Espinal C.; Brea J.; Navarro J.C.; Lezcano V.G.; Otero-Maldonado M.; Echevarría-Cofiño R.; Diaz B.; Quispe-Torrez P.P.; Angerami R.N.; Avila-Aguero M.L.; Debbag R.; Guevara M.E.; Carrero Y.; Torres-Martinez C.N.; Membrillo F.J.; Suarez J.A.; Rodriguez-Morales A.J.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Chitin and chitosan from shellfish waste and their applications in agriculture and biotechnology industries(2025-01-01) Rai S.; Pokhrel P.; Udash P.; Chemjong M.; Bhattarai N.; Thuanthong A.; Nalinanon S.; Nirmal N.; Rai S.; Mahidol UniversityA shellfish processing plant generates only 30–40% of edible meat, while 70–60% of portions are considered inedible or by-products. This large amount of byproduct or shellfish processing waste contains 20–40% chitin, that can be extracted using chemical or greener alternative extraction technologies. Chitin and its derivative (chitosan) are natural polysaccharides with nontoxicity, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. Due to their versatile physicochemical, mechanical, and various bioactivities, these compounds find applications in various industries, including: biomedical, dental, cosmetics, food, textiles, agriculture, and biotechnology. In the agricultural sector, these compounds have been reported to promote: plant growth, plant defense system, slow release of nutrients in fertilizer, plant nutrition, and remediate soil conditions, etc. Whereas, biotechnology applications indicated: enhanced enzyme stability and efficacy, water purification and remediation, application in fuel cells and supercapacitors for energy conversion, acting as a catalyst in chemical synthesis, etc. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the utilization of these biopolymers in agriculture (fertilizer, seed coating, soil treatment, and bioremediation) and biotechnology (enzyme immobilization, energy conversion, wastewater treatment, and chemical synthesis). Additionally, various extraction techniques including conventional and non-thermal techniques have been reported. Lastly, concluding remarks and future direction have been provided.Item Metadata only Simplifying medicine dosing for children by harmonising weight bands across therapeutic areas(2025-04-01) Waalewijn H.; Almett M.; Wasmann R.E.; Cressey T.R.; Easterbrook P.; Olumese P.E.; Hesseling A.C.; Garcia-Prats A.J.; Tarning J.; Turkova A.; Viney K.; Svensson E.M.; Colbers A.; Were W.M.; Denti P.; Penazzato M.; Burger D.M.; White N.J.; Mirzayev F.; Verkuijl S.E.; Brands A.; Abbassi M.; Dorlo T.P.C.; Guerin P.J.; Scott C.P.; Parikh S.; Indolfi G.; McIlleron H.; Barnes K.I.; Masini T.; van der Laan L.E.; Waalewijn H.; Mahidol UniversityGenerally, dose recommendations for children are expressed as fixed dosing increments related to bodyweight, known as weight bands. The weight bands recommended in WHO treatment guidelines vary between diseases, leading to complexity and potential dosing errors when treating children for multiple diseases simultaneously. The introduction of a harmonised weight banding approach for orally administered drugs across disease areas could streamline dosing for young children, but implementing such an approach would require changes in current dosing recommendations. In this Health Policy, we describe the process we conducted to: identify therapeutic areas for harmonisation of weight bands; propose a harmonised weight-banding system to align with current use of weight bands in antibiotic guidance; and simulate the expected effect of dose adjustments due to weight-band harmonisation. Each step of this process, along with the effect and feasibility of weight-band harmonisation was discussed with clinical, policy, and pharmacology experts convened by WHO, representing four therapeutic areas: tuberculosis, HIV, malaria, and hepatitis C. Dosing according to harmonised weight bands across the targeted therapeutic areas was found to be feasible and should be considered for implementation by WHO disease programmes through their appropriate normative processes.Item Metadata only The Efficacy of Low-Temperature Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma (LTAPP) in the Multicenter Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: A Randomized Controlled Trial(2025-01-01) Tonaree W.; Taweepraditpol S.; Kongkunnavat N.; Poungjantaradej N.; Kotistienkul B.; Yongsuvimol M.; Chinaroonchai K.; Rachata P.; Ongkasuwan P.; Chansanti O.; Mongkornwong A.; Chaichote C.; Chuangsuwanich A.; Tonaree W.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: This study is to examine the reduction in wound size between the LTAPP and the control group and also investigate the wound healing effect factor. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at five study centers. Participated patients were between 18–80 years old who had pressure ulcer wound(s) and excluded patients with high risk or receiving other treatment such as previous radiation therapy in the affected area, pregnancy, sepsis, and immunocompromised host. The study divided participant into LTAPP group and standard of care (SOC) group, the LTAPP group would received a dressing of non-Ag materials and administer LTAPP for 1 min per 1 cm2 (maximum of 20 min). The SOC group would received standard dressing wound protocol. Both groups would be followed until the end of study (ninth visit) or until the wound healed. Results: When considering patients who attended follow-up ≥4 visits, only 45 ulcers were eligible, of which consisted of 21 ulcers in the LTAPP group and 24 ulcers in the SOC group. The results showed significant healing rate of the LTAPP group, whether to be the wound size: wound area and wound volume, wound healing: exudate reduction, granulation and lesser necrotic tissue or Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) score. The LTAPP group had better bacterial load reduction without the use of tropical antibiotic, this also signified the quality in bacterial eradication of LTAPP. Conclusion: LTAPP showed outstanding performance in treating pressure ulcer wounds. The LTAPP gave greater outcome in wound size, wound healing indicators, microbiological analyses and cost-effective comparison. Although, the absence of statistical significance, it did not affect the outcome trends. This study suggested further investigation of the potential role of LTAPP therapy in different wound types in near future.Item Metadata only Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict hemostatic intervention in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding(2025-12-01) Raghareutai K.; Tanchotsrinon W.; Sattayalertyanyong O.; Kaosombatwattana U.; Raghareutai K.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is common in clinical practice and has a wide range of severity. Along with medical therapy, endoscopic intervention is the mainstay treatment for hemostasis in high-risk rebleeding lesions. Predicting the need for endoscopic intervention would be beneficial in resource-limited areas for selective referral to an endoscopic center. The proposed risk stratification scores had limited accuracy. We developed a machine learning model to predict the need for endoscopic intervention in patients with acute UGIB. Methods: A prospectively collected database of UGIB patients from 2011 to 2020 was retrospectively reviewed. Patients older than 18 years diagnosed with UGIB who underwent endoscopy were included. Data comprised demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and laboratory parameters. The cleaned data was used for model development and validation in Python. We conducted 80%–20% split sample training and test sets. The training set was used for supervised learning of 15 models using a stratified 5-fold cross-validation process. The model with the highest AUROC was then internally validated with the test set to evaluate performance. Results: Of 1389 patients, 615 (44.3%) of the cohorts received the endoscopic intervention (293 variceal- and 336 nonvariceal-bleeding interventions). Eighteen features, including demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and laboratory parameters, were selected as input for 15 machine learning models. The result revealed that the linear discriminant analysis model could achieve the highest AUROC of 0.74 to predict endoscopic intervention. The model was validated with the test set, in which the AUROC was increased from 0.74 to 0.81. Finally, the model was deployed as a web application by Streamlit. Conclusions: Our machine learning model can identify patients with acute UGIB who need endoscopic intervention with good performance. This may help primary care physicians prioritize patients who need referrals and optimize resource allocation in resource-limited areas. Further development and identification of more specific features might improve prediction performance. Trial Registration: None (Retrospective cohort study) Patient & Public Involvement: NoneItem Metadata only The inhibitory effects of proteins secreted from trigonelline-treated renal cells on calcium oxalate crystals in vitro: Implications for kidney stone prevention(2025-05-01) Yoodee S.; Peerapen P.; Boonmark W.; Thongboonkerd V.; Yoodee S.; Mahidol UniversityTrigonelline is a bioactive alkaloid with therapeutic effects on various kidney diseases. Although previous studies have implicated its potential to prevent kidney stone disease (KSD), its anti-lithiatic mechanisms were poorly understood and thus addressed herein. Secretome (a set of secreted proteins) was collected and purified from MDCK renal cells treated with 100 µM trigonelline (termed “trigonelline-treated secretome”) to examine its effects on calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals compared with that derived from untreated cells (termed “control secretome”). Trigonelline-treated secretome significantly reduced CaOx crystal size, number and abundance during initial crystallization, and also inhibited crystal growth, aggregation and adhesion to renal cells. Quantitative proteomics using nanoLC-ESI-Qq-TOF tandem mass spectrometry revealed 46 differentially secreted (11 decreased and 35 increased) proteins, mainly from extracellular compartments, in the trigonelline-treated secretome. While most of the identified proteins were acidic, significantly increased secreted proteins had an increased proportion of basic proteins, resulting in a slightly greater isoelectric point. In concordance, significantly increased secreted proteins had a greater proportion of positively charged amino acids as compared with significantly decreased secreted proteins. However, proportions of aromatic, polar, non-polar, and negatively charged amino acids were comparable. In summary, we report herein direct evidence of the inhibitory effects of trigonelline against CaOx crystallization, growth, aggregation and adhesion to renal cells via the altered secreted proteins that show some unique physicochemical properties when the increased secreted proteins were compared with the decreased compartments. These data may lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying the anti-lithiatic effects of trigonelline to prevent KSD.