Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only The accuracy of three-dimensional facial scan obtained from three different 3d scanners(2025-05-01) Tangthaweesuk N.; Raocharernporn S.; Tangthaweesuk N.; Mahidol UniversityThis study aimed to compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) and reproducibility of three 3D facial scanning systems: a laser scanner (Planmeca Proface), a dual-structured light scanner (EinScan H2), and a smartphone application (EM3D Scanner). Thirty subjects with skeletal deformities scheduled for orthognathic surgery were scanned using these systems, and the resulting 90 3D facial scans were compared with facial surfaces segmented from CBCT scans. Surface discrepancies were measured using root mean square (RMS) values across five facial aesthetic areas (cheeks, nasal, perioral, and mental units) through Geomagic Control X software. The EM3D Scanner showed significantly better trueness and precision compared to the EinScan H2, particularly for the overall face (p<0.01). Planmeca Proface showed no significant difference from the other scanners in terms of error. The nasal and perioral regions, scanned with Planmeca Proface, achieved the highest accuracy compared to other areas, while the left cheek demonstrated the lowest accuracy. Up to 80% of the scanned areas were classified as reproducible, falling within acceptable tolerance limits. Overall, trueness values ranged from 0.70 to 0.85mm, and precision ranged from 0.68 to 0.81mm, with deviations of less than 1.0mm deemed highly acceptable for clinical applications. Surface regions closer to the midline were found to have higher accuracy than those on the sides of the face. These findings highlight the potential of EM3D Scanner and Planmeca Proface for accurate and reliable facial scanning, particularly in clinical settings where minimal deviation is crucial.Item Metadata only The computer, information and communication technology, and communication skills of Thai Rajabhat University students(2025-06-01) Siphai S.; Siphai J.; Saengloetuthai J.; Sakulku J.; Siphai S.; Mahidol UniversityThe lack of comprehensive data on computer, information and communication technology (ICT), and communication skills among Thai Rajabhat University students poses a challenge in developing effective educational strategies that enhance student employability and future readiness. To address this gap, this study aimed to assess these skills and analyze the skill profiles of students from Rajabhat Universities across Thailand. A total of 1,165 students were selected through multi-stage sampling, and their skills were measured using a researcher-developed 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The results showed high levels of self-reported skills, with communication skills being the highest (mean=3.84, SD=0.669), followed by ICT (mean=3.81, SD=0.676) and computer skills (mean=3.65, SD=0.628). Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four potential models with 2, 3, 4, and 5 groups, with the four-group model offering the best fit (likelihood=-1887.336, Akaike information criterion (AIC)=3810.673, Bayesian information criterion (BIC)=3901.762, Akaike’s Bayesian information criterion (ABIC)=3844.587, entropy=0.940). These findings provided critical insights for curriculum development and tailored interventions, supporting universities in meeting diverse student needs and improving educational outcomes.Item Metadata only Rapid, moderate, or slow bleeding? CT analysis of abdominopelvic active vascular contrast extravasation classes and mortality outcomes(2025-01-01) Chomchalerm G.; Kaewlai R.; Tongsai S.; Chatpuwaphat J.; Thamtorawat S.; Praditsuktavorn B.; Maitriwong W.; Chatkaewpaisal A.; Khamman P.; Matsumoto J.; Chomchalerm G.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: Building on prior findings that active vascular contrast extravasation (AVCE) size is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in abdominopelvic hemorrhages, this study aimed to categorize AVCEs using latent profile analysis (LPA) and examine differences in patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively included consecutive adults with CT-detected AVCE between January 2019 and May 2022. LPA was applied to classify AVCEs based on size-related features, optimizing the number of classes predictive of 24-h and in-hospital mortality. These classes were compared using univariable analysis with post-hoc pairwise comparisons to identify significant differences. Cutoff values for categorization were derived from size parameters and changes across arterial (AP) and portovenous (PVP) phases. Results: LPA classified 223 patients with single-organ, traumatic, and nontraumatic AVCEs (mean age 59.8 ± 20.1 years, 123 men) into three groups-slow (n = 136), moderate (n = 75), and rapid (n = 12). Slow AVCEs showed smaller size parameters and minimal changes between AP and delayed phases. Rapid AVCEs frequently exhibited coexisting pseudoaneurysms, smaller areas on AP, lower mean attenuation differences in AP-PVP pairs, and were associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures, requiring the highest quantity of packed red cells. Perimeter percentage changes between AP and PVP performed comparably to LPA classes and provided practical classification cutoffs. Conclusion: LPA-based classification of AVCEs into slow, moderate, and rapid types revealed distinct size patterns and associated clinical outcomes, offering a robust framework for risk stratification and guiding management of abdominopelvic hemorrhages. Key Points: Question It is unclear if the size of active vascular contrast extravasation (AVCE) is predictive of mortality in patients with abdominopelvic hemorrhage. Findings AVCEs could be classified by latent profile analysis into three groups: slow, moderate, and rapid, based on size at multiphasic CT with distinct mortality risks. Clinical relevance Practical cutoff values of perimeter percentage changes of AVCE between arterial- and portovenous-phase CT were identified for AVCE classification, potentially guiding clinical prioritization and management of patients with abdominopelvic hemorrhage.Item Metadata only Multi-phase, multi-ethnic GWAS uncovers putative loci in predisposition to elite sprint and power performance, health and disease(2025-01-01) Wang G.; Fuku N.; Miyamoto-Mikami E.; Tanaka M.; Miyachi M.; Murakami H.; Mitchell B.D.; Morrison E.; Ahmetov I.I.; Generozov E.V.; Filipenko M.L.; Gilep A.A.; Gineviciene V.; Moran C.N.; Venckunas T.; Cieszczyk P.; Derave W.; Papadimitriou I.; Garton F.C.; Padmanabhan S.; Pitsiladis Y.P.; Egorova E.S.; Gabdrakhmanova L.J.; Semenova E.A.; Kulemin N.A.; Larin A.K.; Sultanov R.I.; Zhelankin A.V.; Haidukevich I.V.; Gilep I.L.; Akimov E.B.; Wang G.; Mahidol UniversityThe genetic underpinnings of elite sprint and power performance remain largely elusive. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with this complex trait as well as to understand their functional implications in elite sprint and power performance. We conducted a multi-phase genome-wide association study (GWAS) in world-class sprint and power athletes of West African and East Asian ancestry and their geographically matched controls. We carried out genotype imputation, replications for the top GWAS signal rs10196189 in two European cohorts, and gene-based and tissue-specific functional network analyses. For the first time, we uncovered the G-allele of rs10196189 in the Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 13 (GALNT13) being significantly associated with elite sprint and power performance (P = 2.13E-09 across the three ancestral groups). Moreover, we found that GALNT13 expression level was positively associated with the relative area occupied by fast-twitch muscle fibers in the vastus lateralis muscle. In addition, significant and borderline associations were observed for BOP1, HSF1, STXBP2, GRM7, MPRIP, ZFYVE28, CERS4, and ADAMTS18 in cross-ancestry or ancestry-specific contexts, predominantly expressed in the nervous and hematopoietic systems. From the elite athlete cohorts, we further identified thirty-six previously uncharacterized genes linked to host defence, leukocyte migration, and cellular responses to interferon-gamma, and four genes – UQCRFS1, PTPN6, RALY and ZMYM4 – associated with aging, neurological conditions, and blood disorders. Taken together, these results provide new biological insights into the genetic basis of elite sprint and power performance and, importantly, offer valuable clues to the molecular mechanisms underlying elite athletic performance, health and disease.Item Metadata only Enhancing the Affinity of a Novel Selective scFv for Soluble ST2 through Computational Design(2025-01-01) Matthies D.J.; Novoa-Gundel P.; Vásquez G.; Dubois-Camacho K.; De la fuente López M.; Donoso B.; Toledo-Stuardo K.; Gutiérrez-González M.; Landskron G.; Valdebenito-Silva S.; Sánchez O.; Fierro A.; Teimoori S.; Chaicumpa W.; Eugenin E.; Zapata-Torres G.; Molina M.C.; Hermoso M.A.; Matthies D.J.; Mahidol UniversitySuppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is a member of the IL-1 receptor family, which includes transmembrane (ST2L) and soluble (sST2) isoforms. sST2 functions as a decoy receptor for Interleukin-33 (IL-33), thereby blocking the activation of the IL-33/ST2L signaling axis, which is essential for tissue repair and immune regulation. Clinical evidence indicates that elevated sST2 levels are associated with increased disease severity in conditions such as ulcerative colitis (UC), cardiovascular disease, and asthma. However, current antibodies cannot reliably distinguish between sST2 and its membrane-bound isoform ST2L, limiting their effectiveness for diagnostic and therapeutic use. To address this limitation, we developed an antibody that selectively targets sST2. Using a phage display library, we identified a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) with high specificity for a unique five amino acid sequence (SKECF) located at the C-terminus of sST2. Our parental scFv showed high selectivity for sST2 with minimal cross-reactivity to ST2L, as demonstrated by both flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation. Molecular simulations identified key binding residues, allowing the design of four scFv mutants, three of which displayed improved binding in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses. The A183YL2 mutant exhibited a 3.4-fold increase in binding affinity, while G100WH3 demonstrated reduced binding due to unfavorable conformations. This study presents an anti-sST2 scFv with enhanced specificity and affinity, offering a promising tool for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases, in which sST2 interferes with IL-33-mediated tissue repair.Item Metadata only Formulation of an acceptable biscuit for adults with chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus(2025-06-01) Asawaphaithoonsert A.; Khemthong C.; Chupeerach C.; Suttisansanee U.; Chamchan R.; Thangsiri S.; On-nom N.; Asawaphaithoonsert A.; Mahidol UniversityThai adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are at risk of kidney failure are advised to follow a low-protein diet. While low-protein Thai snacks and desserts are recommended, these products typically have a short shelf life and high sugar content, which may adversely impact glycemic control, particularly among individuals with concomitant type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to formulate consumer-acceptable biscuits with reduced protein and reduced GI using mung bean starch (MBS), egg replacer (ER), isomaltulose (ISO), and rice bran oil shortening (RBOS). Three biscuit formulations were prepared, including the control, low protein (MBS and ER), and low protein and GI (MBS, ER, ISO, and RBOS). Nutritional composition, physical properties, and glycemic index (GI) were evaluated as in vitro experiments, while sensory evaluation was conducted with 50 untrained healthy panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale. Results showed that the low protein and low GI biscuit had a protein content of 0.04 g/serving size (45 g) and GI of 54.83, with a sensory evaluation score above 6 (like slightly) and was considered acceptable by consumers. In addition, it contained low potassium (4.06 mg/serving size) and low sodium (93.0 mg/serving size) contents. Shelf-life, predicted using the Q10 test, was estimated at 51 days at 30 °C. Although limited snacks and desserts are available for individuals with CKD who have diabetes, these findings suggest that the developed low protein and GI biscuit presented a suitable alternative for adults with CKD and T2DM who require limited protein consumption, sufficient energy intake, and controlled glycemic response.Item Metadata only SIMPLE DNA EXTRACTION AND VALIDATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR EARLY SEX DETERMINATION IN NEW THAI Cannabis sativa L. CULTIVARS(2025-01-01) Phobphimai P.; Imsoonthornruksa S.; Summart R.; Udomsil N.; Ketudat-Cairns M.; Phobphimai P.; Mahidol UniversityPrecision Agriculture (PA) utilizes cutting-edge technology and data management to optimize the efficiency and precision of farming techniques. Early and precise sex determination is essential for the production of Cannabis sativa L., as female plants have a higher concentration of cannabinoids, making them more desirable for therapeutic purposes. The objective of this study is to create a rapid and dependable method for detecting male cannabis plants right after young leaves immerge utilizing molecular markers. Thirty cannabis leaf samples of some new cultivars of known sex from Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) cannabis farm were used in the study. DNA was extracted with an innuPREP Plant DNA Kit. The DNA was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with MADC2 primers, and the products were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of our study showed that male plants displayed a single DNA band of 390 base pairs, whilst female plants showed two bands of approximately 560 and 870 base pairs. These findings are consistent with prior studies, validating the dependability of the MADC2 marker in identifying the gender of new cannabis cultivars. Easy and rapid DNA extraction from cannabis leaves was also developed. This study emphasizes the significance of molecular approaches in improving cannabis farming. Implementing such strategies has substantial potential for enhancing cannabis breeding and production.Item Metadata only Parenting experiences of informal caregivers of preterm infants during the first 2 years of life at corrected age: a qualitative systematic review protocol(2025-01-01) Srichalerm T.; Kankaew S.; Kamkhoad D.; Saehoong S.; Srichalerm T.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: The objective of this review is to synthesize qualitative evidence on the parenting experiences of informal caregivers of preterm infants during their corrected age of 2 years. Introduction: Preterm infants, born before 37 weeks' gestation, are at high risk for growth and neurodevelopmental delays. The parenting journey for these infants presents unique challenges from birth to the transition home, particularly during the infants' corrected age of two years. Understanding informal caregivers' experiences during this critical time enables health care providers to deliver timely and appropriate interventions for both caregivers and infants; however, qualitative evidence synthesizing this area of research remains limited. Inclusion criteria: This review examines qualitative data on the parenting experiences of informal caregivers of preterm infants from birth to a corrected age of two years, regardless of age, gender, or social status. Caregivers of infants with congenital anomalies and chromosomal abnormalities will be excluded from the study. Methods: This review will adhere to the JBI approach for qualitative systematic reviews. The search strategy aims to identify both published and unpublished studies, with no restrictions on publication year. Studies published in English and Thai will be sourced from PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Embase (EBSCOhost). Two independent reviewers will assess the methodological validity of the selected qualitative papers prior to their inclusion in the review. Data synthesis will employ the meta-aggregation approach, and the synthesized findings will be evaluated using the ConQual approach.Item Metadata only Electron Acoustic Shock Waves in Nonthermal and Nonextensive Dissipative Plasmas in the Earth’s Inner Magnetosphere(2025-01-01) Shahid E.; Shamir M.; Iqbal Z.; Zeba I.; Murtaza G.; Shahid E.; Mahidol UniversityIn this article, we examine the linear and nonlinear features of the electron acoustic wave in nonthermal dissipative plasma comprising hot Cairns–Tsallis distributed electrons, inertial cold electrons, and stationary ions. For this purpose, the reductive perturbation method is used to derive linear and nonlinear equations for phase velocity and shock structures, respectively. Both nonthermal and nonextensive parameters significantly alter the phase velocity of the electron acoustic wave. Further, the amplitude of electron acoustic shock waves increases with decreasing nonthermal parameter and cold-to-hot electron density ratio. On the other hand, the larger values of the nonextensive parameter q enhance the amplitude of the shock wave. The same holds for the electric field associated with electron acoustic shocks. A comparison of our results with the observed value of the electric field/potential is also presented.Item Metadata only Anaemia and renal dysfunction were the primary manifestations of severe hypothyroidism in two girls with auto-immune atrophic thyroiditis(2025-01-01) Sae-Wong J.; Poomthavorn P.; Mahachoklertwattana P.; Sae-Wong J.; Mahidol UniversityIn children, anaemia is an uncommon presentation of hypothyroidism. The diagnosis was delayed in two girls with auto-immune atrophic thyroiditis owing to an absence of goitre and the unusual presentation of fatigue and anaemia. The first patient was a 15-year-old girl who presented with fatigue and pallor. Results of the initial investigation were compatible with iron deficiency anaemia. However, after 2 years of iron supplementation, the anaemia had not been resolved. Owing to refractory anaemia and recent mild neutropenia, a bone marrow (BM) study was performed. The BM histopathology demonstrated hypocellular marrow, compatible with BM suppression. Tests for low thyroid hormone levels (one of the causes of BM suppression) revealed overt hypothyroidism. She also had a mildly decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The second patient was a 9-year-old girl who presented with a 5-month history of fatigue and a weight gain of 4 kg in a month. Initial laboratory tests showed macrocytic anaemia, decreased eGFR and normal urinalysis. Further investigation confirmed overt hypothyroidism. After levothyroxine treatment, the anaemia was resolved in both patients and the eGFR normalised. This report demonstrates that anaemia in children can be the initial presentation of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism should be considered as a possible cause of anaemia, especially anaemia refractory to conventional treatment. Additionally, goitre as a clue to diagnosing acquired hypothyroidism owing to auto-immune thyroiditis might not be apparent in atrophic thyroiditis. Unrecognised hypothyroidism might lead to unnecessary investigations and delay appropriate treatment. Normalisation of thyroid function in patients with hypothyroidism results in the resolution of anaemia and the normalisation of eGFR.Item Metadata only Synergistic effect of gold nanorods coated with type I collagen and LED irradiation on wound healing in human skin fibroblast cells(2025-01-01) Poomrattanangoon S.; Pissuwan D.; Poomrattanangoon S.; Mahidol UniversityDelayed wound healing poses a significant risk to human health, especially when wounds are infected by pathogens. Therefore, the development of effective methods for accelerating wound healing is important. This study investigated the synergistic effect of gold nanorods (GNRs) coated with type I collagen (GNRs@C) combined with light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on wound healing in scratched human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. Scratched HSF cells were treated with 3 μg mL−1 GNRs@C, followed by LED irradiation. This combined treatment significantly enhanced cell proliferation, increasing from the control cell base line (scratched HSF cells without any treatment) to 104.08 ± 2.96% and 107.82 ± 3.25% after 24 and 48 h of incubation, respectively. GNRs@C demonstrated superior cellular uptake compared to uncoated GNRs. Notably, complete closure of scratched HSF cells was observed in scratched HSF cells treated with GNRs@C with LED irradiation and then incubated for 40 h. Additionally, the treatment significantly reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, while upregulating key growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). These findings demonstrate the wound healing potential of GNRs@C combined with LED irradiation.Item Metadata only Role of 5-aminosalicylic acid in ulcerative colitis management in 8 Asian territories: a physician survey(2025-01-01) Limsrivilai J.; Lai A.Y.h.; Li S.T.H.; Abdullah M.; Ali R.A.R.; Aniwan S.; Bui H.H.; Chou J.W.; Hilmi I.N.; Lim W.C.; Sollano J.; Teo M.M.H.; Wei S.C.; Leung W.K.; Limsrivilai J.; Mahidol UniversityClinical guidelines typically endorse conventional therapies such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) as the mainstay of ulcerative colitis management. However, the degree of adoption and application of guideline recommendations by physicians within Asia remains unclear. This study aims to understand the prescribing patterns of 5-ASA and implementation of current guideline recommendations across Asian clinical practice. A physician survey was conducted among inflammatory bowel disease specialists in 8 Asian territories to understand practices and preferences in ulcerative colitis management, focusing on the use of 5-ASA and concordance with guideline recommendations. Survey findings were validated by country experts in diverse healthcare settings. Subgroup analyses stratified data by income levels and treatment reimbursement status. Ninety-eight valid responses were received from inflammatory bowel disease specialists or gastroenterologists among 8 economic entities. Significant differences were found in clinical practices and treatment preferences for ulcerative colitis management among different income-level and government-subsidy groups. Survey results are summarized in 8 findings that illustrate trends in 5-ASA use and guideline implementation across Asian territories. This study emphasizes socioeconomic factors that impact the adoption of guideline recommendations in real-world practice. Our findings indicate an eclectic approach to guideline implementation across Asia, based on resource availability and feasibility of treatment goals.Item Metadata only Aquaculture-related livelihood changes due to climate and non-climate stressors and well-being of residents in coastal communities(2025-09-01) Janmaimool P.; Nunsunanon S.; Kriengsak T.a.; Janmaimool P.; Mahidol UniversityThis study aimed to analyze the changes in aquaculture-related livelihoods due to environmental changes that have occurred over the past 57 years in the coastal communities of Bang Khun Thian District, Bangkok, Thailand. Additionally, the study sought to evaluate the well-being of residents currently residing in these coastal communities and its significant determinants. The study employed mixed methods. In-depth interviews with six community leaders and twelve residents, along with documentary reviews, were conducted to analyze the process of aquaculture-related livelihood changes. Subsequently, questionnaire surveys with 177 residents were administered in July 2024. Chronological analysis based on documentary reviews and in-depth interviews was conducted to examine changes in livelihood strategies over time, from 1967 to the present (2024). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to test the association between residents’ well-being and relevant factors, including livelihood-related variables, socio-demographic characteristics, and individual resilience to undesirable events. The results demonstrated that, due to changes in environmental quality (e.g., contaminated water resources, soil pollution, the introduction of invasive species, and loss of mangrove forests) and the occurrence of environmental hazards (e.g., heavy rainfall, high water temperatures, sea-level rise, and land erosion), communities’ natural assets deteriorated. Several households shifted their livelihood strategies from pure aquaculture to partial aquaculture or non-aquaculture livelihoods. Some households maintained pure aquaculture livelihoods by adopting adaptation strategies in aquaculture practices but were largely unsuccessful in coping with environmental hazards. The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that residents with pure aquaculture livelihoods were more likely to experience low levels of well-being. Furthermore, low well-being was also associated with larger family sizes, low household incomes, and low levels of financial, environmental, and social resilience to undesirable shocks. Therefore, it could be suggested that, amid environmental crises in the area, livelihood diversification is essential for pure-fishery households, particularly those with larger family sizes. Building financial, social, and environmental resilience should also be promoted to enhance residents’ well-being.Item Metadata only Protecting Migrant Children in Thailand: Importance of Social Integration and Roles of Civil Society(2025-01-01) Chamchan C.; Chamchan C.; Mahidol UniversityThis paper investigates access to birth registration, education, and health care for cross-border migrant children in Thailand. It also emphasizes the importance of integrating migrant populations into Thai society and the role local civil society organizations play in protecting and improving children’s access to these rights. Data collected from previous fieldwork conducted in Thailand’s border areas (Mae Sot-Tak, Chumporn, Ranong, Phang-nga, and Chiang Rai) from 2016 to 2020 is analyzed here. With regional variations, the quantitative survey found that between 40 percent and 80 percent of migrant children born in Thailand had their births registered. School enrollment rates for children aged 7 to 14 ranged from 50 percent to almost 100 percent. Notably, most children were enrolled at NGO-run migrant children’s learning centers (MLCs), with less than half attending Thai regular schools (except for Chiang Rai, where Thai school enrollment surpassed MLC enrollment). When it came to access to health care, a large proportion of children (ranging from 30 percent to 95 percent) in all the surveyed areas lacked health insurance coverage. Qualitative data analysis revealed a discrepancy between Thai laws and their practical application. While regulations permit birth registration, school enrollment, and health insurance access for all migrant children regardless of their parents’ immigration status, numerous obstacles still restrict their access to these rights. The analysis demonstrates that the social integration of migrants and active local civil society organizations can be crucial enablers and mechanisms for protecting migrant children’s rights while simultaneously improving the quality of life for both crossborder migrants and local Thais in the communities surveyed.Item Metadata only Resin-based sealant effectiveness in high-caries risk children: a systematic review(2025-12-01) Paemanukornruk Y.; Luksamijarulkul N.; Gaewkhiew P.; Paemanukornruk Y.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: There have been limited previous reviews on the use of sealants in high-caries-risk children that include multiple study designs. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of sealants on high-caries-risk children and compare the effectiveness of sealants between high-caries-risk children and lower-caries-risk children. Methods: An initial protocol was developed following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across several electronic databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Google Scholar. Experimental or observational studies that examined resin-based sealants for preventing caries over at least 12 months in high-caries-risk children, identified by individual risk assessment, were included. Comparison groups were moderate- or low-risk children or no sealant; if unavailable, only intervention data were used. The risk of bias was assessed via the RoB2 tool and the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale. Results: A total of 1651 unique records were identified, 20 of which were included in this systematic review. Studies comparing only sealed teeth among different caries risk groups have indicated that high-caries-risk children have a greater risk of developing new carious lesions than low- or moderate-risk children do. In contrast, the effect of sealants was negligible in low-caries-risk children when compared between sealed and nonsealed teeth. Additionally, caries experience was the primary criterion used across all included studies. Conclusion: Resin-based sealants are still recommended for high-caries-risk children. However, generalizability and an appropriate threshold for risk assessment remain unclear owing to the limited number of studies from low- to middle-income countries and variability in risk assessment methods. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO Registration number CRD42023473013. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.Item Metadata only Herbal use among patients with advanced cancer: a secondary data analysis using a model of World Health Organization (WHO) medication adherence(2025-01-01) Tedja J.F.; Junda T.; Sumdaengrit B.; Pongthavornkamol K.; Tedja J.F.; Mahidol UniversityPatients with advanced cancer often experience numerous distressing symptoms that can significantly affect their quality of life. In addition to standard therapies, many patients use herbal remedies to manage symptoms, alleviate pain, or enhance their overall well-being. However, studies examining the use of herbal treatments in this population are limited in the literature. Therefore, the present study aims to understand the factors influencing herbal use among patients with advanced cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) model of medication adherence was also incorporated into this study. This observational study utilized secondary data collected from hospitals in West Java. The study started from September to November 2016. The study employed a demographic questionnaire, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, and the Palliative Management Questionnaire to gather comprehensive data from participants. Descriptive statistics were utilized to effectively summarize and present the characteristics of the study participants. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictor variables by modeling the logit function, which represents the natural logarithm of the odds ratio. The study reported that pain, fatigue, decreased appetite, vomiting, and nausea were identified as the five most prevalent symptoms experienced by patients during their care. Soursop leaves emerged as the most commonly preferred herbal treatment among participants in this study. Key factors influencing the use of herbal remedies included female gender, low-income levels, distress-related symptoms, perceived effectiveness of herbal treatments, and specific cancer types—most notably head and neck cancers. These findings highlight the critical need to integrate herbal remedies into conventional cancer care practices while encouraging further research focused on evaluating their efficacy and safety profiles.Item Metadata only Genetic analysis of glutathione synthetase of Plasmodium falciparum, a potential candidate for antimalarial drug development(2025-04-01) Simpalipan P.; Pattaradilokrat S.; Sawaswong V.; Uthayopas K.; Phutthawong K.; Harnyuttanakorn P.; Simpalipan P.; Mahidol UniversityGlutathione synthetase (GS) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of glutathione, a molecule protecting the parasite from heme-induced cell damage and potentially affecting antimalarial drug responses. Currently, the design of in silico assay for chemical screen is impeded due to the lack of complete gene sequences from endemic populations of malaria parasites. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of the gs gene in P. falciparum populations in Thailand and worldwide. The catalog of the gs gene of P. falciparum was generated, consisting of sequences of 223 P. falciparum isolates from 15 countries. Population genetic analyses were conducted using the sequences of gs in the database to reveal the allelic and nucleotide diversity. In addition, the neutrality tests were performed to determine the evidence of natural selection. The analysis of the gs sequences in the database identified 55 unique haplotypes, characterized by 41 SNPs and 1 indel mutation. The most common gs haplotype was the gs1 which was found in all P. falciparum populations. Sequence analysis also revealed low genetic diversity at the gs locus, likely due to negative selection. In conclusion, the present study establishes the catalog of P. falciparum gs gene and provides basic genetic diversity information for antimalarial drug design and for monitoring the effects of antimalarial drugs on parasite populations.Item Metadata only Combination of curcumin or chitosan with photodynamic therapy as an effective alternative therapy for overcoming wound infection associated with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(2025-06-01) Yonpiam M.; Wannigama D.L.; Shein A.M.S.; Liao T.; Hurst C.; Monk P.N.; Amarasiri M.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Ounjai P.; Saethang T.; Badavath V.N.; Luk-in S.; Nilgate S.; Rirerm U.; Srisakul S.; Ngamwongsatit N.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Ragupathi N.K.D.; Kanjanabuch T.; Narkban P.; Miyanaga K.; Cui L.; Boontaveeyuwat E.; Higgins P.G.; Kicic A.; Hamamoto H.; Abe S.; Hongsing P.; Chatsuwan T.; Yonpiam M.; Mahidol UniversityThe increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as an opportunistic pathogen in wound infections raises significant concerns due to its antibiotic resistance and biofilm-mediated antibiotic tolerance. This underscores the urgent need to explore an alternative approach to effectively managing wound infections caused by MDR A. baumannii. In this study, combining subinhibitory concentrations of curcumin (25 µg/ml) or chitosan (156 µg/ml) with photodynamic therapy-PDT (10 J/cm2) resulted in a significant reduction of planktonic viabilities and biofilm biovolume of MDR A. baumannii clinical isolates in vitro. In murine A. baumannii-associated wound infection, a combination of curcumin (25 µg/ml) or chitosan (156 µg/ml) with PDT (10 J/cm2) resulted in complete bacterial eradication with wound healing at Day 15 of post-treatments with these combination therapies. Our study demonstrated that combining curcumin or chitosan with PDT at their subinhibitory concentrations represents a promising alternative strategy as localized therapy for effectively managing A. baumannii-associated wound infection.Item Metadata only Clinical metagenomics analysis of bacterial and fungal microbiota from sputum of patients suspected with tuberculosis infection based on nanopore sequencing(2025-12-01) Terbtothakun P.; Visedthorn S.; Klomkliew P.; Chanchaem P.; Sawaswong V.; Sivapornnukul P.; Sunantawanit S.; Khamwut A.; Rotcheewaphan S.; Kaewsapsak P.; Payungporn S.; Terbtothakun P.; Mahidol UniversityTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, demanding rapid and comprehensive diagnostics for effective treatment. Secondary infections further complicate TB infection, worsening outcomes. Conventional diagnostics are hindered by prolonged turnaround times, high costs, and inability to detect co-infections. This study utilizes full-length 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon sequencing based on Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) to analyze clinical metagenomics of sputum microbiota from patients suspected with TB Infection. Our findings highlight the potential of ONT for profiling microbial communities associated with TB infection. The MTB group exhibited a significant abundance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. In contrast, Prevotella melaninogenica, Veillonella parvula, Corynebacterium striatum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more abundant in the negative samples. Fungal analysis revealed Candida orthopsilosis was enriched in MTB samples, while Aureobasidium leucospermi and Wallemia muriae predominated in negative samples. Correlation network analysis revealed M. tuberculosis exhibits positive and negative correlations with other microbial species, suggesting cooperative and competitive interactions that may influence microbial community dynamics and disease progression in TB patients. This study demonstrates the promise of ONT-based clinical metagenomics for rapid, comprehensive detection of bacterial and fungal co-infections, addressing limitations of conventional diagnostics and improving outcomes.Item Metadata only Prioritizing integrated care and sarcopenia prevention for healthy ageing across Asia(2025-09-01) Muangpaisan W.; Assantachai P.; Arai H.; Lim W.S.; Woo J.; Won C.W.; Laiteerapong A.; Goods S.; Marthur A.; Setiati S.; Tam N.N.; Dinakrisma A.A.; Sokoeu E.; Molyka N.; Leelaruangsang L.; Pinjeesekikul D.; Chen L.K.; Muangpaisan W.; Mahidol University