Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only Distinct Solar Energetic Particle Shock Intensity–Diffusion Coefficient Relationships in the Inner Heliosphere(2025-11-01) Cuesta M.E.; Fraschetti F.; Livadiotis G.; Farooki H.A.; Shen M.M.; Khoo L.Y.; Szalay J.R.; Rankin J.S.; McComas D.J.; Mitchell D.G.; Christian E.R.; Mitchell J.G.; Berland G.D.; Cohen C.M.S.; Leske R.A.; Xu Z.; Muro G.D.; Pecora F.; Ruffolo D.; Matthaeus W.H.; Giacalone J.; Schwadron N.A.; Desai M.I.; Dayeh M.A.; Bale S.D.; Stevens M.L.; Livi R.; Cuesta M.E.; Mahidol UniversityIt has been inferred from theory that the spatial diffusion coefficient (κ) upstream of shocks is anticorrelated with the intensity of solar energetic particles (SEPs) at the shock (jshock) motivated by quasi-linear theory (QLT). This is because a lower κ along the magnetic field (κ∥) implies that particles are trapped for longer, providing more acceleration and resulting in a higher jshock. However, the simplest version of DSA predicts that jshock is determined by the source of the injected population at the shock and plasma density jump with no relation to κ for low-energy SEPs. Here, we identify the relationship between κ and jshock, whose form is unknown, using Parker Solar Probe observations of eight shocks within 1 au. We estimate a characteristic κfit along the shock normal by fitting the upstream SEP intensity profiles with a 1D steady-state transport model for acceleration and escape assuming pitch-angle isotropy in the plasma frame. Also, we estimate κ∥ based on the magnetic power spectral density using QLT for comparison with κfit. Our results show that both quantities are anticorrelated with jshock. Instead of a uniform relationship between κ and jshock, we find distinct relationships appearing as potential power laws manifested across SEP events with no obvious radial dependence from 0.07 to 0.74 au. These relationships may be grouped by similar shock parameters (in terms of speed, strength, and orientation). Our findings raise questions about SEP transport and its radial dependence within 1 au and provide important observational constraints for models of shock-accelerated particles.Item Metadata only One versus five days of octreotide infusion for acute esophageal variceal bleeding: a randomized controlled trial(2025-01-01) Chirapongsathorn S.; Chang A.; Malikhao S.; Wanichagool D.; Manasirisuk W.; Kaosombatwattana U.; Rattanasupar A.; Polpanich N.; Noophun P.; Suksamai A.; Bunnag K.; Chirapongsathorn S.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and Aims: – The optimal duration of octreotide infusion for esophageal variceal bleeding remains unclear. We aimed to compare the efficacy of 1-day versus 5-day octreotide infusion combined with endoscopic therapy, with the primary outcome of early (5-day) re-bleeding under a non-inferiority framework and secondary outcomes of 6-week re-bleeding and all-cause mortality.Methods: – This nationwide, multicenter, non-inferiority, open-label, randomized, controlled trial included 220 patients with cirrhosis and acute esophageal variceal bleeding who underwent endoscopic band ligation in five tertiary-care and three university-based hospitals across Thailand. They received a 1-day (n=109) or 5-day (n=111) regimen of continuous octreotide infusion after successful endoscopy. Re-bleeding, transfusion requirements, and mortality were assessed.Results: – The majority of participants were men (180/220), and the average age was 56 years. The 5-day re-bleeding (1.83% vs. 1.80%, p≥0.99), 6-week re-bleeding (8.26% vs. 10.81%, p=0.52), and 6-week all-cause mortality (5.50% vs. 6.31%, p=0.80) rates were similar between the 1- and 5-day groups. The event-rate difference in early re-bleeding was 0.03%, indicating non-inferiority (95% CI, 3.50–3.56%). Patients in the 1-day group required significantly fewer blood transfusions and had a shorter time to oral diet and shorter hospital stay.Conclusions: – Following successful endoscopic band ligation, the 1-day regimen of octreotide had a non-inferior effect compared to the standard 5-day regimen in the prevention of 5-day re-bleeding and exhibited no significant differences in the prevention of 6-week re-bleeding and all-cause mortality.Item Metadata only DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT ADVISORY SYSTEM WITH COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGY(2025-01-01) Suaprae P.; Nilsook P.; Wannapiroon P.; Nittayathammakul V.; Suaprae P.; Mahidol UniversityExisting research on student retention mainly focuses on risk prediction, with few studies implementing advisory processes that translate predictions into timely, personalized interventions. This study develops and evaluates the intelligent advisory system with cognitive technology (referred to as the IAS-CT system) to improve student retention in higher education. The persisting gap in the literature is that most retention studies stop at risk prediction and rarely operationalize a closed-loop advisory workflow that converts predictions into timely, personalized interventions. Using de-identified institutional records of 2,973 undergraduates from academic years 2019–2022 with 25 academic and socio-demographic features, we trained and compared Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Naive Bayes. Preprocessing comprised imputation, normalization, and categorical encoding/selection; evaluation used a stratified split and standard metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, and F1) with confusion matrices. Correlation analysis indicated that GPA (r = 0.55), absenteeism (r = 0.48), father’s income (r = 0.45), year of study (r = 0.38), and field of study (r = 0.20) were the most associated factors with retention. Decision Trees achieved the best predictive performance (accuracy = 98.90%), exceeding Logistic Regression (97.40%), Random Forest (86.10%), K-Nearest Neighbors (85.90%), and Naive Bayes (85.80%). The selected model was integrated into an advisory architecture that issues early-warning alerts, generates personalized study recommendations, and supports advisor–student communication. An expert panel rated the system’s suitability at an overall high level. Consequently, the system operationalizes prediction into intervention, providing actionable retention support with practical implications for data governance and institutional scaling.Item Metadata only A Tailor-Made Mobile App With a Local Cuisine Database for Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized Controlled Trial(2025-01-01) Wongdama S.; Paemueang W.; Sriphrapradang C.; Wongdama S.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: There are many mobile apps for diabetes self-management; however, most target Western populations and lack dietary content relevant to Asian contexts. Our mobile app addresses this gap by providing self-care tools and a database of regionally relevant foods. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the app in improving glycemic control and self-care behaviors among outpatients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes at our hospital. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with adults with type 2 diabetes, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of >7%, and access to a smartphone. Participants were randomized to an intervention group (daily use of the Rama Diabetes Care app) or a control group (standard care), with all receiving diabetes self-management education and support. The app includes 6 features, notably a nutritional logging system with a verified database of Thai and commonly consumed foods, including Asian and Western dishes, as well as blood glucose monitoring, exercise and medication tracking, symptom screening, and weight logging. The primary outcome was HbA1c level, and secondary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, BMI, self-care behaviors, and user satisfaction with the app. The study was conducted between November 29, 2023, and October 30, 2024. Results: A total of 129 participants were randomized (intervention: n=64, 49.6%; control: n=65, 50.4%). Participants in the intervention group were younger (mean age 54.6, SD 14.3 years vs 61.9, SD 12.0 years; P=.002), whereas baseline HbA1c (mean 9.3%, SD 1.96%) and FPG (mean 179.5, SD 5.9 mg/dL) levels were similar between the groups. Over 6 months, the intervention group showed a greater HbA1c reduction than the control group (mean difference −0.24%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=.13). Among participants aged <65 years, FPG at 6 months was significantly lower in the intervention group (mean difference −29.3 mg/dL; P=.03). App satisfaction was rated as moderate. Conclusions: The mobile app achieved glycemic control comparable to that achieved through standard care, with significant improvement in FPG among participants younger than 65 years. Tailor-made apps integrating regionally relevant dietary content may support effective self-management in type 2 diabetes and warrant further evaluation in larger, long-term studies.Item Metadata only Reply to commentary on "The effects of self-compassion in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a pilot randomized controlled trial"(2025-12-01) Jerawatana R.; Reutrakul S.; Jerawatana R.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Innovative Applications of Biopolymeric Nanoparticles in Environmental Remediation(2025-01-01) Sivakumar M.; Sundaram G.A.; Vaishali C.V.; Thillaichidambaram M.; Sivakumar M.; Mahidol UniversityThis chapter discusses the role of biopolymeric nanoparticles in advancing environmental remediation techniques across soil, water, and air systems. It highlights the growing urgency to address pollution and ecological degradation driven by industrialization and urban development. Biopolymeric nanoparticles—nanoscale materials derived from natural polymers like chitosan, alginate, and cellulose are presented as promising, eco-friendly solutions due to their high surface area, biocompatibility, and customizable properties. The chapter discusses methods for their synthesis and functionalization, along with their various mechanisms of action, including adsorption, catalytic degradation, and interactions with microorganisms. Applications include removing heavy metals and organic pollutants from water, improving soil quality, and controlling air pollution by capturing particulate matter and VOCs. Case studies illustrate their real-world impact, and the chapter concludes by addressing future prospects and challenges related to scalability and implementation. Overall, this chapter highlights the potential of biopolymeric nanoparticles to offer sustainable, nanotechnology-driven solutions to pressing environmental problems.Item Metadata only Cardiac and Sympathetic Baroreflex Sensitivity Is Not Affected by Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Hyperadrenergic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome(2025-01-01) Cairo B.; Bari V.; De Maria B.; Arduino C.; Rigo S.; Shiffer D.; Kulapatana S.; Diedrich A.; Biaggioni I.; Furlan R.; Porta A.; Cairo B.; Mahidol UniversityHyperadrenergic postural tachycardia syndrome (HyperPOTS) is characterized by a shift of the sympatho-vagal balance toward sympathetic predominance. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) might be beneficial in HyperPOTS, although the acute effects of tVNS on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are still unclear. We concomitantly evaluated BRS in the cardiac (cBRS) and sympathetic (sBRS) baroreflex arms in 19 HyperPOTS patients (39±11 yrs; 17 females) undergoing 75° head-up tilt test (HUT) during two randomized tVNS sessions with the device switched off and switched on. Variability of heart period (HP), systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP and DAP), and muscle nerve sympathetic activity (MSNA) burst rate were extracted simultaneously from the ECG, arterial pressure and MSNA signals. cBRS and sBRS were estimated as the transfer function gain respectively from SAP to HP and from DAP to MSNA burst rate in the low (0.04-0.15 Hz) frequency band. cBRS significantly decreased during HUT but did not vary across tVNS sessions, while both HUT and tVNS had no impact on sBRS. We conclude that the acute effect of a single tVNS session on the sensitivity of different baroreflex arms is negligible in HyperPOTS, while HUT only seems to affect cBRS, potentially due to the HyperPOTS baseline sympathetic overactivity.Item Metadata only Adaptation of archival egg-cultured Orientia tsutsugamushi to L929 mammalian cells enables persistent qPCR-detectable growth(2025-01-01) Rosli S.N.Z.; Dimeng S.R.; Munawar W.A.S.W.A.; Hendri N.A.M.; Zahidi J.M.; Yong T.B.; Hashim R.; Abdad M.Y.; Ahmad N.; Ramli S.R.; Rosli S.N.Z.; Mahidol UniversityRickettsial infections are a leading cause of febrile illness in Southeast Asia and Malaysia, although they are often underreported. Rickettsial pathogens largely fall within the genera Rickettsia and Orientia and classified within the Rickettsiaceae family. In Malaysia, scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is the most frequently reported rickettsial infection. Traditionally, rickettsial organisms have been isolated and cultured from embryonated eggs. However, this method is labor and skill intensive, has limited scalability, and requires specialized equipment, making it less accessible to many laboratories. An alternative approach is to use mammalian/amphibian/invertebrate cell culture as a host for rickettsial propagation. In this study, we evaluated the potential for culturing rickettsial pathogens previously adapted and maintained in embryonated eggs in mammalian cell lines. Two mammalian cell lines (Vero E6 and L929) were inoculated with rickettsial strains previously identified as O. tsutsugamushi (strains Karp [n=8], Kato [n=4], and Gilliam [n=2]). The presence of O. tsutsugamushi was assessed by quantitative qPCR at 14-day intervals. After 90 days of culture, only one of the fifteen isolates (GL94) showed evidence of propagation in L929 cells, whereas O. tsutsugamushi DNA remained below the qPCR detection limit in Vero E6 cells for all isolates tested. Most of the other isolates showed little to no growth, with some exhibiting the presence of other bacteria. The identification and morphology of GL94 were confirmed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), followed by full-length 16S sequencing. This study highlights the challenges of transitioning rickettsial culture from embryonated eggs to mammalian cell cultures.Item Metadata only Frailty and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery: Initial Findings from Thailand’s First Surgical Frailty Study(2025-08-01) Gonggetyai G.; Techalertsuwan N.; Nampoolsuksan C.; Parakonthun T.; Swangsri J.; Methasate A.; Siriussawakul A.; Chaiwat O.; Srinonprasert V.; Gonggetyai G.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: Thailand’s aging population has led to an increase in elderly patients undergoing major surgery. Frailty is a key predictor of adverse surgical outcomes, but its impact in Thai patients remains underreported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of frailty and its association with short-term postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal (UGI) surgery. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study included all adult patients undergoing elective UGI surgery at Siriraj Hospital between May 2020 and November 2021. Preoperative frailty was assessed using the Thai Frailty Index (TFI), with scores >0.25 indicating frailty. Demographic data, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes — including complications and survival at 3, 6, and 12 months — were compared between frail and robust groups. Results: Among 56 patients (median age 61.5 years), 18 (32.1%) were classified as frail. Frail patients were significantly older and had poorer functional status and nutritional risk. Frail patients also underwent fewer resection procedures (61.1% vs 84.2%, p=0.001). While the overall complication rate did not differ significantly between groups (50.0% vs 47.4%; p=0.457), frail patients experienced higher rates of major complications (16.7% vs 10.5%; p=0.045) and non-surgical complications (33.3% vs 21.1%; p=0.044). Mortality was significantly higher in the frail group at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (p=0.001, 0.003, 0.006 respectively). Conclusion: Frailty is common among Thai patients undergoing UGI surgery and is associated with worse short-term outcomes and higher postoperative mortality. Routine frailty screening using the TFI may improve preoperative risk stratification and perioperative care planning.Item Metadata only Biopolymeric Nanoparticles for the Sustainable Removal of Pharmaceutical and Dye Wastes(2025-01-01) Gunaseelan D.J.; Sivakumar M.; Sundaram G.A.; Vaishali C.V.; Alagarsamy A.; Thillaichidambaram M.; Gunaseelan D.J.; Mahidol UniversityThe presence of pharmaceutical and dye contaminants in aquatic wastewater has emerged as a serious environmental issue due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxic nature. However, both wastewater treatment methods repeatedly decrease or completely remove these pollutants. In this chapter, biopolymeric nanoparticles show special attention as eco-friendly, biodegradable, and efficient alternatives for wastewater purification. The green synthesis of natural polymers such as chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and starch, these nanoparticles exhibit high surface area, tunable functional groups, and strong adsorption or catalytic capabilities from pollutant water. This chapter talks about how to make biopolymeric nanoparticles and change surface area and physicochemical properties, all designed to effectively remove pharmaceutical waste and synthetic dyes. It also explores recent advances in removal mechanisms—including adsorption/degradation and photo-degradation performance. Additionally, this chapter emphasises how these biopolymeric materials are safe for the environment, can be reused, and shows their potential for treating large amounts of wastewater. The integration of biopolymeric nanoparticles with green synthesis methods underscores their promise as next-generation solutions for combating water pollution in a system that promotes recycling and sustainability.Item Metadata only The Use of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring to Personalize Once-daily Intravenous Busulfan in Thai Pediatric Patients Underwent Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation(2025-08-01) Ratanatharathorn C.; Meeudompong U.; Ratanatharathorn C.; Sanpakit K.; Ratanatharathorn C.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for personalizing busulfan dosing in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is recommended. The proportion of patients requiring dose adjustments and the frequency of achieving the target area under the time curve (AUC) was observed. Materials and Methods: This study included children who underwent once-daily intravenous busulfan-conditioning HSCT during October 2020 to April 2024. The initial busulfan dosage followed the European Medicines Agency nomogram, set between 3.2 and 4.8 mg/kg/day. Blood samples were collected to analyze pharmacokinetics and calculate AUC. Dose adjustments were made if AUC fell outside the target of 3,600 to 6,000 μMolar·min. Results: The study comprised 26 children. Dose adjustments for busulfan were performed in 17 patients (65.4%). Individual average AUCs ranged from 2,566.2 to 6,943.05 μMolar·min. Patients under 10 years had a higher likelihood of an out-of-range target AUC following dose adjustment compared to those aged ≥ 10 years (43.8% and 0%, respectively; P=0.023). A lower-than-target average AUC was significantly related to an earlier disease relapse compared to non-lower range AUCs (P<0.005). Conversely, higher AUCs did not correlate with busulfan-related side effects or treatment-related mortality. Conclusion: Our findings support TDM as a strategy to enhance the efficacy of once-daily intravenous busulfan in HSCT among Thai pediatric patients. TDM may help reduce the frequency of subtherapeutic exposures, which is associated with disease relapse. Patients under 10 years face more difficulties in achieving the target AUC, indicating the need for careful monitoring and dose adjustments in this age group.Item Metadata only Factors Predicting Postoperative Quality of Life among Rectal Cancer Patients in Thailand: A Retrospective Cohort Study(2025-08-01) Iramaneerat C.; Owattanapanich N.; Riansuwan W.; Lohsiriwat V.; Prapasrivorakul S.; Iramaneerat C.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the postoperative quality of life (QoL) measures of Thai rectal cancer patients, and to determine which factors impact the QoL. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of rectal cancer patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection or low anterior resection between 2009 and 2012. We sent out Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Colorectal (FACT-C) questionnaires to patients who met the criteria. The T-test, Kendall’s Tau-b, and Pearson correlation were used to select potentially significant predictors (p-value <0.1), which were then included in the multiple regression analysis to predict FACT-G (General QoL) and FACT-C (General QoL + concerns related to colorectal cancer) scores. Results: We analyzed data from 144 patients (out of 480 patients who met the criteria). The average FACT-G and FACT-C scores were 87.34 and 106.79, respectively. The factor that had a significant negative impact on FACT-G was age (t = -2.67, p = 0.008). The factors that had a significant negative impact on FACT-C were nodal status (t = -1.98, p = 0.05) and age (t = -2.66, p = 0.009). Conclusion: The postoperative QoL of Thai rectal cancer patients is similar to the QoL measures reported in a prior study. The QoL measures were found to be negatively impacted by age and lymph node status. Gender, the type of operation, presence of ostomy, location of the tumor, preoperative radiation, adjuvant chemotherapy, laparoscopic approach, duration after surgery, proximal and distal margins, tumor size, metastasis, and recurrence showed no impact on the QoL.Item Metadata only Association of Perineural Invasion of Adenocarcinoma in Prostate Biopsy with Pathological and Clinical Outcomes: Perineural invasion of adenocarcinoma in prostate biopsy(2025-08-01) Rueangrong R.; Suk-Ouichai C.; Teyateeti A.; Mahamongkol K.; Tantranont N.; Rueangrong R.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: This study aims to evaluate the association between perineural invasion and pathological stage, including extraprostatic extension, and its impact on prognosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 149 men diagnosed with prostatic adenocarcinoma by magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound (MRI-US) fusion-guided biopsy and radical prostatectomy between July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019 at Siriraj Hospital were identified. Their pathological, clinical, and radiological findings were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with and without perineural invasion were compared using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Perineural invasion was identified in 87 of 149 patients (58.4%) and showed no significant association with baseline features (p > 0.05). However, perineural invasion was significantly associated with higher pathological T stage (pT2, pT3a, pT3b) (p < 0.001), including extraprostatic extension (pT3 disease) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a notable correlation between the pathological T stage and 2-year disease-free survival (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Perineural invasion should be carefully identified and reported in prostate biopsy specimens, due to its significant relationship with the pathological T stage, including extraprostatic extension.Item Metadata only Development and Validation of a Rapid LC/MS-MS Method for Measuring Plasma Quetiapine and Norquetiapine in Psychiatric Patients(2025-10-01) Mungkhunthod S.; Prommas S.; Puangpetch A.; Paholpak P.; Nakkam N.; Sukasem C.; Tassaneeyakul W.; Vannaprasaht S.; Mungkhunthod S.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Quetiapine (QTP) is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is widely used to treat psychiatric patients. N-desalkylquetiapine (NQTP) is the major and active metabolite. Objective: The present study aimed to develop and validate a method for measuring QTP and NQTP concentrations in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Materials and Methods: Plasma samples were processed using liquid-liquid extraction, and the analytes were separated on a C18 column. The analysis was conducted using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with a mobile gradient phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in 10 mM ammonium formate and 100% acetonitrile. The total run time was 6 min. Results: The calibration curves for QTP and NQTP were in a linear range of 2.0 to 600.0 ng/ml. The within-run and between-run precision for QTP was 10.29% and 11.16%, whereas those for NQTP were 8.21% and 12.87%, respectively. The within-run and between-run accuracy for QTP was <111.74%, <100.34%, <110.53%, and <104.11% for NQTP, respectively. The lower limit of detection for QTP and NQTP was 2.0 ng/ml. Conclusion: An LC-MS/MS method for measuring QTP and NQTP levels in human plasma was validated and successfully applied to measure these analytes in psychiatric patients.Item Metadata only Detection of Liver Iron Overload in Patients With Thalassemia With Ultra-short Echo Time MR Imaging on 3.0T(2025-01-01) Krittayaphong R.; Saiviroonporn P.; Zhang S.; Viprakasit V.; Tanapibunpon P.; Yindeengam A.; Komoltri C.; Krittayaphong R.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: – Accurate detection and quantification of liver iron overload (LIO) in patients with thalassemia is crucial for guiding iron chelation therapy and preventing iron-related organ damage. While conventional multiecho gradient-echo (GRE) based MR at 1.5T is the clinical standard, with increasing availability of 3.0T systems, clinically reliable alternatives are needed. The ultra-short echo time (UTE) MRI sequence may offer improved assessment of LIO on 3.0T. The objective of this study was to evaluate 3.0T UTE for assessing LIO in thalassemia patients and directly compared with the standard 1.5T GRE as reference, particularly at severe overload with lower R2* values. Materials and Methods: – Patients with thalassemia referred for liver iron assessment by MRI were prospectively enrolled. Each participant underwent liver iron quantification using both 1.5T GRE and 3.0T UTE sequences. For the latter, 4 different acquisition protocols were assessed: 7-echo free breathing (3.0T UTE 7E FB), 7-echo breath-hold (3.0T UTE 7E BH), 15-echo free breathing (3.0T UTE 15E FB), and 15-echo breath-hold (3.0T UTE 15E BH). The correlation between 1.5T GRE and each UTE sequence was analyzed. The agreement was further assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: – Sixty-three patients were enrolled; 5 were excluded due to unmeasurably high liver iron concentration (LIC) by 1.5T MRI. The remaining 58 patients had a mean age of 34.3 ± 16.1 years; 24 (41.4%) were male, and 42 (72.4%) had thalassemia major. Regular transfusions were noted in 31 (53.4%). All 3.0T UTE sequences demonstrated excellent correlation with 1.5T GRE (R 2, 0.9701-0.9827). Bland-Altman analysis indicated minimal bias and narrow limits of agreement. The 3.0T UTE 15E BH protocol yielded the strongest performance. Conclusions: – 3.0T UTE MRI sequences provide clinically feasible and accurate assessment of liver iron overload in thalassemia patients across a broad range of LIC values from 1.3 to 39.5 mg/g. These findings support the clinical utility of 3.0T UTE MRI for LIO detection and therapeutic decision-making in this population.Item Metadata only Predictive factors of postoperative physical performance impairment among patients with brain tumor surgery: A predictive-correlation study(2025-02-25) Panruy K.; Hengyotmark A.; Sriamornrattanakul K.; Itthimathin P.; Panruy K.; Mahidol UniversityImpaired physical performance in patients following brain tumor surgery can reflect the quality of care. For this reason, contributing factors should be identified and managed. This study aimed to investigate the predictive power of frailty, nutritional status, and surgical complexity over postoperative physical performance impairment in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery by using a cross-sectional design. The sample included 125 patients aged 18 years and over who had undergone brain tumor surgery. Data were collected using the modified frailty index, the nutrition alert form, the Milan complex scale, and the Karnofsky performance status scale to compare physical performance before and 30 days after surgery. A decrease of 10 points or on the scale indicated physical impairment. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. Postoperative brain tumor surgery patients who had high frailty, moderate or severe malnutritional status, and tumor removal complexity were likely to have a higher risk of impaired physical performance than other groups. Health issues such as frailty and malnourishment should be corrected in patients before surgery and preparation should be made for perioperative care in patients with surgical complexities to prevent physical impairment.Item Metadata only Optimization of Hydrogen and Methane Co-production from Co-digestion of Canned Seafood Wastewater with Glycerol Waste in a Two-stage Continuous System: Comparing CSTR-PFR and CSTR-CSTR Reactors(2025-11-01) Srimachai T.; Thipmunee M.; Longsoh Y.; Manaswin P.; Phuket K.R.N.; Srimachai T.; Manaswin P.; Phuket K.R.N.; Thipmunee M.; Longsoh Y.; Srimachai T.; Phuket K.R.N.; Srimachai T.; Phuket K.R.N.; Srimachai T.; Phuket K.R.N.; Srimachai T.; Mahidol UniversityThe challenge posed by canned seafood wastewater (CSW) involves a low COD of 6.80 g/L and a high protein concentration of 3.56 g/L, making it unsuitable for hydrogen and methane production. Consequently, the potential return on investment for establishing a commercial system remains inadequate. To address this issue, a two-stage anaerobic digestion system incorporating co-digestion with glycerol waste (GW) was implemented. The two-stage co-digestion of CSW with GW, at various mixing ratios of 99:1, 98:2, 97:3, 96:4, and 95:5% (v/v), resulted in hydrogen yields of 15.6, 33.6, 38.7, 65.0, and 6.3 ml H2/g COD, respectively, while methane yields were measured at 311, 320, 326, 345, and 99 ml CH4/g COD, correspondingly. The ideal conditions for achieving the highest yields of hydrogen and methane from the anaerobic co-digestion of CSW with GW were found to be at a mixing ratio of 96:4% (v/v). The ongoing production of hydrogen and methane in a two-stage process utilizing CSTR-PFR and CSTR-CSTR reactors can yield hydrogen and methane at rates of 27.44 and 163.61 L/L of wastewater, and 20.41 and 145.35 L/L of wastewater, respectively. Anaerobic co-digestion of CSW with GW could enhance the production of hydrogen and methane from a two-stage anaerobic digestion system.Item Metadata only Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of a New Species, Macrobrachium debaratae sp. nov. (Caridea, Palaemonidae) from Songkhram River, Northeast Thailand(2025-01-01) Siriwut W.; Chaowvieng A.; Jeratthitikul E.; Chanabun R.; Panha S.; Sutcharit C.; Siriwut W.; Mahidol UniversityThe recognized diversity of Macrobrachium prawns in Thailand has increased recently due to taxonomic investigation using integrative approaches, i.e. from morphology and DNA barcoding. The freshwater habitats in northeast Thailand such as riparian wetland ecosystems provide diverse ecological conditions that promote adaptive diversification among organisms. The varying condition of the freshwater bodies can support the existence of cryptic species among the aquatic animal fauna, including in prawns of the genus Macrobrachium. Several Macrobrachium species have previously been reported in association with the vast network of tributaries that form the Mekong River basin. Newly described species and unidentified morphospecies have particularly been reported from this area in previous systematic studies, which indicates that the current known diversity of the aquatic fauna is likely to be largely incomplete. In this study, a new species of the genus Macrobrachium from the Songkhram River, one of the Mekong tributaries, is described and named as Macrobrachium debaratae Siriwut, sp. nov. This new species contains several distinct morphological characters from its congeneric and co-existing species group, such as the rostral teeth formula, the size and the shape of second pereiopods, and the tooth present on the cutting edge of the fingers of the chelae of the second pereiopods. Genetic distance analysis among the known Macrobrachium species supported this morphological classification as a new species with an interspecific COI divergence of 13%. The COI phylogenetic tree indicated that M. debaratae Siriwut, sp. nov. was monophyletic and was placed close to M. sirindhorn, a member within the M. pilimanus species group. This study highlights the need for a detailed morphological inspection to examine the variability in the taxonomic characters of Macrobrachium, particularly in the M. pilimanus species group found in mainland Southeast Asia tributaries. Further taxonomic review based on intensive sampling is required to provide a more adequate understanding of the diversity of Macrobrachium in the Mekong basin.Item Metadata only The Ant Genus Vombisidris Bolton, 1991 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Thailand, with a Description of a New Species(2025-01-01) Jeenthong T.; Samung Y.; Phosrithong N.; Jaitrong W.; Jeenthong T.; Mahidol UniversityVombisidris Bolton, 1991, a small ant genus comprising 20 extant species (including the new species), is distributed in India, China, various countries in Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Queensland of Australia. Two species of the genus, V. satunensis Jeenthong, Jaitrong & Tasen, 2023 and V. sirindhornae Jeenthong, Samung & Jaitrong, sp. nov. are known in Thailand. Vombisidris satunensis inhabits lowland habitats (ca. 100–200 m a.s.l.), while V. sirindhornae is found in highland habitats (1,000 m a.s.l.). Both species were found nesting in dead twigs on trees at forest edges.Item Metadata only MORAL GROWTH IN A DIGITAL AGE: APPLYING THE THREEFOLD TRAINING TO ENHANCE THE LIFESTYLES AND TECHNOLOGY USE OF GENERATION C STUDENTS IN THE THAILAND 4.0 ERA(2025-10-01) Sarapirom K.; Aroonsrimorakot S.; Muangnual P.; Taerakul P.; Sarapirom K.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and Objectives: Within the Thailand 4.0 context, where digital transformation has reshaped education and society, the lifestyles of Generation C, defined by connectivity, creativity, and collaboration, are shaped by pervasive technology use. While these changes offer opportunities for innovation and learning, they raise concerns regarding ethical awareness, digital well-being, and value-based living. Educational institutions must therefore address both digital access and students' personal, social, and ethical development . Generation C favors personalized learning, online collaboration, and constant connectivity, yet also faces risks such as digital addiction, distraction, and psychological stress. Although Generation C's digital lifestyles have been widely studied, prior research has largely treated digital behavior, digital literacy, and moral education as separate domains. This fragmentation has limited empirical understanding of how moral development can be systematically cultivated in technology-mediated learning environments, revealing a clear gap in integrative models grounded in indigenous ethical frameworks. Drawing on Buddhadhamma, the Threefold Training, sīla (Moral Discipline), samādhi (Concentration), and paññā (Wisdom), offers a holistic theoretical foundation for addressing this gap. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine how integrating the Buddhist Threefold Training into the digital lifestyles of Generation C students in higher education contributes to moral growth, ethical awareness, and self-regulation, and to propose an educational model aligning digital literacy with moral cultivation in Thailand. Methodology: A mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 480 undergraduate students from six universities across Thailand, using stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and regression analysis to examine relationships among digital lifestyles, moral development, and the Threefold Training components. The instrument assessed digital literacy, lifestyle balance, and ethical awareness mapped to sīla, samādhi, and paññā. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 15 experts, including educators, digital literacy specialists, and Buddhist scholars, and were analyzed thematically to complement the quantitative findings. Main Results: The findings indicated that students' digital lifestyles significantly influenced moral development and digital well-being, presenting both strengths and risks. Reflective digital practices aligned with paññā emerged as the strongest predictor of digital moral growth. Ethical online collaboration associated with sīla supported empathy and responsible interaction, while samādhi enhanced attention regulation and reduced problematic technology use. Conversely, excessive social media engagement negatively affected ethical awareness and self-regulation. Qualitative findings highlighted Buddhist-informed practices-such as mindful pauses, pre-commitment rules, and purpose-driven routines-support healthier technology use. These integrated findings informed the development of the S-M-P Innovation Model, which embeds morality, concentration, and wisdom into digital learning environments to promote ethical and mindful digital living aligned with Thailand 4.0. Involvement to Buddhadhamma: Grounded in Applied Buddhism and the development of wisdom and morality, this study employed the Threefold Training as an integrated theoretical and practical framework for digital ethics and lifestyle development. Its contributions include: Translating Buddhist principles into contemporary digital ethics; Applying mental cultivation to enhance technology self-regulation; Harnessing wisdom for media discernment; Embedding Buddhist pedagogy within Thailand 4.0 capital development; and Bridging Dhamma and education through empirical evidence. The findings demonstrate that Buddhadhamma remains both timeless and relevant in guiding Generation C toward ethical, mindful, and purposeful digital living. Conclusions: The research confirms that the Buddhist Threefold Training constitutes a culturally grounded and pedagogically effective educational innovation for enhancing ethical attitudes, self-regulation, and reflective competencies among Generation C students. It recommends integrating the S-M-P Innovation Model into curricula, digital literacy programs, and student support systems to foster ethical technology use and value-driven digital lifestyles. Beyond Thailand, the model offers relevance for ASEAN and global education systems seeking to balance digital advancement with values-based human development.