Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only Superficial Intradermal Injections of Cohesive Polydensified Matrix Hyaluronic Acid Fillers for the Improvement of Facial Pores and Skin Quality: A Split-Face Randomized Study(2025-05-01) Rutnumnoi T.; Palakornkitti P.; Anuntrangsee T.; Yongpisarn T.; Sakpuwadol N.; Vachiramon V.; Rutnumnoi T.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Various therapeutic options have been introduced for enlarged facial pores including low cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers. Newer formulations of HA-based dermal fillers are continuously introduced into the market, but their effectiveness in reducing enlarged facial pores has not yet been determined. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of HA-based dermal fillers (Cohesive Polydensified Matrix HA filler; CPM-HA20) versus CPM-HA20 with glycerol (CPM-HA20G) in terms of minimizing enlarged facial pores and skin quality improvement. Methods: Thirty subjects with enlarged facial pores were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, split-face study. Participants were randomly assigned to be injected with 1 mL of CPM-HA20 filler on one side of their medial cheek and 1 mL of CPM-HA20G on the contralateral side for 3 sessions spaced 4 weeks apart. Pore volume was objectively measured by an Antera 3D. Skin biophysical properties were evaluated. Participant satisfaction and adverse events were recorded. Results: Twenty-nine participants completed the study. Both treatment groups showed a reduction in the mean pore volume from the baseline through Week 32. The CPM-HA20G treated side showed a 24.2% higher reduction in mean pore volume from baseline compared to the CPM-HA20 treated side (p = 0.038). Both treatment groups showed improvement in skin hydration from baseline to Week 32. There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction between the CPM-HA20G and CPM-HA20 treated sides. Only mild adverse events such as pain, edema, and bruising were reported. Conclusion: Three-monthly injections of CPM-HA20G and CPM-HA20 were effective in minimizing enlarged face pores and improving skin hydration. CPM-HA20G demonstrated superior efficacy in terms of pore size reduction. Adverse events were generally mild and tolerable.Item Metadata only Quantitative susceptibility mapping for Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging: evaluation of corpus callosum(2025-05-01) Buathong S.; Piyapitayanan S.; Thientunyakit T.; Sethanandha C.; Muangpaisan W.; Charnchaowanish P.; Aphiwatthanasumet K.; Chawalparit O.; Ngamsombat C.; Buathong S.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Abnormal iron metabolism and accumulation in the brain have been proposed as pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These changes can be detected using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). The corpus callosum (CC), an essential white matter structure in the brain, is thought to undergo volume and microstructural changes in Alzheimer’s patients, with specific regional atrophy related to cognitive impairment and dementia severity. This study aimed to measure in vivo susceptibility in each part of the CC in AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy control (HC), and assess their associations with neurocognitive scores and QSM value changes in follow-up imaging. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 34 patients with AD, 32 patients with MCI, and 29 cases with HC. A subset of these participants had available follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, including 13 AD patients, 14 MCI patients, and 14 HC cases. Structural MRI data were processed using FreeSurfer software version 6.0 to segment the CC into five parts. QSM processing was performed using STISuite 3.0, and the results were registered and analyzed for susceptibilities in each CC segment using the FSL (FMRIB Software Library, version 5.0.7). Correlations between susceptibility levels and diagnosis were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test, while associations between susceptibility and cognitive function [Thai Mental State Examination (TMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)] were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Changes after follow-up were assessed using paired samples t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Significantly increased susceptibility was observed in the mid-anterior and central parts of the CC for AD patients compared to normal controls (0.051 and 0.103 ppm in AD and −0.014 and 0.003 ppm in HC; P value =0.014 and 0.009). Susceptibility in the mid-anterior, central regions, showed weakly positive correlations with CDR-global scores (r=0.296, P=0.006 and r=0.287, P=0.005). After a 2-year follow-up, susceptibility significantly increased across groups. In the HC group, significant increases were observed in the mid-anterior region (mean difference =0.074 ppm; P value =0.021). For the MCI group, a significant increase in the mid-posterior region (mean difference =0.081 ppm; P value =0.039) was found. For the AD group, a significant increase was found in the mid-posterior and posterior regions (mean difference =0.021 and 0.086 ppm; P value =0.013 and 0.005). Conclusions: The study findings suggest that increased susceptibilities in the mid-anterior and central parts of the CC can serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of MCI and AD and assess cognitive function in these diseases.Item Metadata only Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health: Post-Traumatic Stress and Coping Strategies Among Thai University Students Using Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis(2025-07-01) Thichanpiang P.; Kaunnil A.; Nuchnoi P.; Nopparat C.; Donjdee K.; Permpoonputtana K.; Thichanpiang P.; Mahidol UniversityAims: COVID-19 disrupted education globally, resulting in the closure of schools and universities and the transition to distance learning. This shift heightened concerns about contracting the virus and increased insecurity in daily life and online education. The primary objective of this study is to investigate post-traumatic stress, perceived stress, coping strategies, and quality of life (QOL) among Thai university students, while also examining the relationships among coping strategies, stress levels, mental illness history, and overall QOL. Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional survey method, engaging 400 students through an online self-reported survey. The survey instruments included the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for DSM-5, the Thai Version of the Perceived Stress Scale, the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory, and the WHOQOL Instrument-Short Form. Results: The study found that 21.25% of Thai university students likely experienced PTSD during the pandemic, with 74% reporting moderate stress and 4.25% experiencing high stress. Common coping strategies included acceptance, planning, active coping, self-distraction, and positive reframing, whereas self-blame was more prevalent among students with higher stress levels. QOL assessments showed that 2.75% of students rated their QOL as poor, 55.75% as moderate, and 41.50% as good. A strong negative correlation was observed between QOL and stress levels, indicating that students with lower QOL experienced higher stress. Additionally, maladaptive coping strategies, such as self-blame, denial, and behavioral disengagement, were positively associated with increased stress. Ordinal logistic regression analysis identified QOL as a significant predictor of perceived stress levels (odds ratios [OR] = 3.607), accounting for 31% of the variability in stress levels. Conclusions: Students with poorer QOL experienced higher stress levels, underscoring the need for enhanced psychosocial services to support their mental health and overall well-being.Item Metadata only Simple ECG-based score and clinical parameters to predict right ventricular dilation in patients with repaired tetralogy of fallot(2025-04-28) Satawichairut P.; Chungsomprasong P.; Kangvanskol W.; Vijarnsorn C.; Patharateeranart K.; Chanthong P.; Kanjanauthai S.; Pacharapakornpong T.; Thammasate P.; Durongpisitkul K.; Soongswang J.; Satawichairut P.; Mahidol UniversityBackground Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for assessing right ventricular (RV) function in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF), but it is expensive and not always available. ECG is a cost-effective, accessible alternative. This study evaluated ECG parameters, specifically QRS duration (QRSd) and QRS fragmentation (QRSf), to predict RV volumes and function, and developed a new score to guide CMR timing. Methods We retrospectively analysed 147 patients with rTOF with pulmonary regurgitation. ECG, echocardiographic and CMR data were collected. Receiver operating characteristic curves identified optimal cut-offs for predicting RV dysfunction and dilation. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of RV dysfunction and dilation. Results QRSd showed moderate positive correlations with RV end-diastolic (EDVi) and end-systolic (ESVi) volume indices and negative correlations with RV ejection fraction (EF) and global radial strain. QRSf was associated with larger RVESVi and lower RVEF. We propose a simple risk score of age ≤20 years, QRSd≥160 ms, QRSf and transannular patch repair. A score >2.5 out of 5.5 predicted RVEDVi ≥150 mL/m2 with 76.5% sensitivity and 63.6% specificity. Conclusions This study highlights the value of ECG, particularly QRSd≥160 ms and QRSf, in predicting RV dilation in rTOF. The proposed score, based on clinical data and ECG parameters, offers a practical tool for guiding the timing of CMR.Item Metadata only Relation of changes in ABC pathway compliance status to clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the COOL-AF registry(2025-04-01) Krittayaphong R.; Chichareon P.; Methavigul K.; Treewaree S.; Lip G.Y.H.; Krittayaphong R.; Mahidol UniversityAims: The Atrial fibrillation Better Care (ABC) pathway provides a framework for holistic care management of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. This study aimed to determine the impact of changes in compliance to ABC pathway management on clinical outcomes. Methods and results: This is a prospective multicenter AF registry. Patients with non-valvular AF were enrolled and followed-up for 3 years. Baseline and follow-up compliance to the ABC pathway was assessed. The main outcomes were all-cause death, ischaemic stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and heart failure. There studied 3096 patients (mean age 67.6 ± 11.1 years, 41.8% female). Patients were categorized into four groups: Group 1: ABC compliant at baseline and 1 year [n = 1022 (33.0%)]; Group 2: ABC non-compliant at baseline but compliant at 1 year [n = 307 (9.9%)]; Group 3: ABC compliant at baseline and non-compliant at 1 year [n = 312 (10.1%)]; and Group 4: ABC non-compliant at baseline and also at 1 year [n = 1455 (47.0%)]. The incidence rates [95% confidence intervals (CI)] of the composite outcome for Group 1-4 were 5.56 (4.54-6.74), 7.42 (5.35-10.03), 9.74 (7.31-12.70), and 11.57 (10.28-12.97), respectively. With Group 1 as a reference, Group 2-4 had hazard ratios (95% CI) of the composite outcome of 1.32 (0.92-1.89), 1.75 (1.26-2.43), and 2.07 (1.65-2.59), respectively. Conclusion: Re-evaluation of compliance status of the ABC pathway management is needed to optimize integrated care management and improve clinical outcomes. AF patients who were ABC pathway compliant at baseline and also at follow-up had the best clinical outcomes.Item Metadata only A comparison of national seasonal influenza treatment guidelines across the Asia Pacific region(2025-04-01) Beer E.; Boyd S.; Wongnak P.; Ngamprasertchai T.; White N.J.; Beer E.; Mahidol UniversitySeasonal influenza leads to 2–3 million infections and up to 650,000 global deaths annually, with particularly high mortality in Asia and relatively low annual vaccination rates for prevention. Relatively lower attention is paid to antiviral treatment as a facet of influenza response strategy both in research and national policy. This study compares national influenza treatment guidelines across countries in the Asia Pacific region, and assesses the antiviral recommendations, comprehensiveness, availability, and quality, compared with World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. Ministry of Health websites were searched, and key stakeholders were contacted to obtain national influenza treatment guidelines. Official guidelines detailing pharmacologic treatment for seasonal influenza were included. Key data for comparison were extracted and quality appraisal was conducted using the AGREE II instrument. Out of 49 countries and areas in the World Health Organisation Western Pacific and SouthEast Asia regions, under half (14/49; 28.6%) had established national influenza treatment guidelines. Nine (9/49; 18.4%) reported no seasonal flu guidelines at all, and information could not be obtained for 25 (51.0%). All guidelines recommend oseltamivir in line with WHO recommendations, although rationale and evidence reviews were often missing. There was variation in recommendations for other antivirals, indications for treatment, definitions of severity and recency of publication. The AGREE II tool quality assessments revealed the highest average scores were observed in the ‘presentation’ domain and lowest scores in ‘editorial independence’ and ‘rigour of development’ domains, demonstrating limited evidence-based guideline development. The variability in recommendations and definitions highlight the need for a stronger evidence base with direct comparisons of antiviral treatment for hard and soft endpoints, and improvements in systematic guideline development. Established treatment guidelines are a key component of national influenza response strategy and in the post-covid pandemic era, renewed attention to seasonal influenza management is surely warranted.Item Metadata only Simple defect engineering of carbon nitride using mixed precursors for enhanced photocatalysis(2025-01-01) Sudrajat H.; Phanthuwongpakdee J.; Colmenares J.C.; Sudrajat H.; Mahidol UniversityRemarkable improvements in the morphological and photophysical properties of the carbon nitride (CN) photocatalyst are achieved by simply mixing two different precursors, which partially terminates the co-polymerization of heptazine units and induces a defective structure. This defective CN is rich in mesopores, offering abundant reaction sites and exhibiting enhanced photoconductivity.Item Metadata only Reinforcing Effect of Intraradicular Filling Materials in Simulated Immature Mandibular Premolars with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Apical Barrier: A Weibull Analysis(2025-01-01) Opacharoensuk P.; Banomyong D.; Chotvorrarak K.; Suphanarongpun P.; Osiri S.; Opacharoensuk P.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: Incomplete root formation following pulp necrosis requires mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apexification. Although effective, this treatment does not increase the root thickness, necessitating additional reinforcement. This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of simulated immature mandibular premolars apexified with MTA and reinforced with various materials using Weibull analysis. Methods: Ninety human mandibular first premolars were prepared to simulate immature teeth. After MTA apexification, teeth were divided into six groups: negative control (intact teeth), positive control (untreated apexified teeth), gutta-percha (GP) with AH Plus, GP with Bioceramic sealer, core, and fiber post/core. The teeth underwent thermocycling, periodontal ligament simulation, and fracture testing. Results: Negative and positive controls exhibited the highest and lowest fracture resistance, respectively. Core and fiber post/core had hazard ratios of 4.79 and 6.23, respectively, outperforming GP with AH Plus and GP with Bioceramic sealer (hazard ratios: 14.23 and 17.22, respectively). Most fractures occurred in the coronal third. Conclusions: Intraradicular reinforcement materials (fiber post/core and core) provided greater support to MTA-apexified roots than conventional root filling materials (GP/AH Plus and GP/Bioceramic sealer).Item Metadata only Green and high-yield synthesis of bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 for efficient catalytic CO2 cycloaddition(2025-01-01) Wang C.; Guo K.; Cheng Z.; Wang C.; Chai D.; Cao D.; Yuan Y.; Chaemchuen S.; Wang C.; Mahidol UniversityMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) such as ZIF-67 have been widely studied. Incorporating multi-bimetals into ZIF-67 is a strategic approach to leverage unique properties and address the limitations of traditional single metals in ZIF-67. Herein, an environmentally friendly solid-solid thermal (SST) method is developed to simultaneously incorporate heterometals (Cu, Fe, Ru, Pd, Mn, and Ni) into the ZIF structure, referred to as M@ZIF-67. The synthesis occurs in a single step by utilizing thermally treated mixed solid precursors of multi-bimetals and imidazole ligands without additional agents or solvents, which is an innovative green route for preparing multi-bimetal ZIFs. Multiple techniques confirm that heterometals are homogeneously and uniformly distributed and have a precise metal content in the iso-structure of ZIF-67. Interestingly, synthesizing M@ZIF-67 through the SST method achieves a scalable and high yield. Furthermore, M@ZIF-67 exhibits a precise heterometal content, which plays a crucial role in enhancing its catalytic performance in CO2 cycloaddition, surpassing results obtained using traditional ZIF-67.Item Metadata only Exploring the pathogenesis and clinical implications of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO): a narrative review(2025-01-01) Simmalee K.; Kawamatawong T.; Vitte J.; Demoly P.; Lumjiaktase P.; Simmalee K.; Mahidol UniversityThe complexity and diversity of the immune response in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap present significant challenges for disease management. Relying on a limited number of biomarkers and clinical data is insufficient to fully reveal the immunopathogenesis of these diseases. However, in vitro technologies such as cell analysis, cytokine investigation, and nucleic acid sequencing have provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms of these diseases, leading to the discovery of several biomarkers—including cell degranulation, cell function, secreted cytokines, and single nucleotide polymorphisms—that have potential clinical implications. This paper reviews the immunopathogenesis in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma-COPD overlap and examines the applications of recent in vitro models to detect candidate biomarkers that could enhance diagnostic precision, predict severity, monitor treatments, and develop new treatment strategies. A deeper understanding of the immune response in these diseases, along with the integration of in vitro models into clinical practice, could greatly improve the management of these respiratory diseases, making approaches more personalized and efficient.Item Metadata only Enhancing Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Recycled Poly(Lactic Acid) with Multi-Branched Polyethyleneimine for Sustainable Recycling Applications(2025-05-01) Sutthikitivorakul R.; Phinyocheep P.; Tessanan W.; Sutthikitivorakul R.; Mahidol UniversityThe single-use plastic coffee cup made from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was modified for sustainable recycling to widen its applications by melt blending with multi-branched polyethyleneimine. Different concentrations (0.25 to 1 wt.%) and molecular weights (Mw of 2,000 and 25,000 g/mol) of the multi-branched polyethyleneimine (MPEI) were utilized as a mechanical modifier for the recycled poly(lactic acid) (rPLA). As a result, an attenuated total reflectance accessory equipped with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR) indicated the formation of the amide linkage between the carboxylic acid group of rPLA and the amine group of MPEI under the given melt mixing condition. Incorporating 0.75 wt.% of MPEI, with a molecular weight of 25,000 g/mol, significantly enhances the properties of recycled PLA, increasing tensile strength by about 9 MPa and impact resistance by around 3.6 kJ/m² compared to the unmodified rPLA. The phase morphological property of rPLA/MPEI blend system exhibited a typical miscible blend and ductile microstructure aspect, characterized by uniform homogeneity and visible microfibrils on the impact-fractured surface. A slight decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg) further indicated enhanced interfacial interactions, contributing to improved mechanical performance. Furthermore, the incorporation of MPEI notably increases the thermal decomposition temperature of the blends, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of recycled PLA. This advancement paves a promising strategy for expanding the material’s applicability while fostering sustainable recycling into high-value products.Item Metadata only Graphical representation of global water models(2025-04-23) Müller Schmied H.; Gosling S.N.; Garnsworthy M.; Müller L.; Telteu C.E.; Ahmed A.K.; Andersen L.S.; Boulange J.; Burek P.; Chang J.; Chen H.; Gudmundsson L.; Grillakis M.; Guillaumot L.; Hanasaki N.; Koutroulis A.; Kumar R.; Leng G.; Liu J.; Liu X.; Menke I.; Mishra V.; Pokhrel Y.; Rakovec O.; Samaniego L.; Satoh Y.; Shah H.L.; Smilovic M.; Stacke T.; Sutanudjaja E.; Thiery W.; Tsilimigkras A.; Wada Y.; Wanders N.; Yokohata T.; Müller Schmied H.; Mahidol UniversityNumerical models are simplified representations of the real world at a finite level of complexity. Global water models are used to simulate the terrestrial part of the global water cycle, and their outputs contribute to the evaluation of important natural and societal issues, including water availability, flood risk, and ecological functioning. Whilst global water modeling is an area of science that has developed over several decades, and individual model-specific descriptions exist for some models, there has to date been no attempt to visualize the ways that several models work, using a standardized visualization framework. Here, we address this gap by presenting a community-driven process that developed a framework to visualize several global water models. The models considered participate in the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b (ISIMIP2b). The diagrams were co-produced between a graphics designer and 16 modeling teams, based on extensive discussions and pragmatic decision-making that balanced the need for accuracy and detail against the need for effective visualization. The model diagrams are based on a standardized ISIMIP2b-complete global water model that represents what is theoretically possible to represent in the current generation of state-of-the-art global water models participating in ISIMIP2b. Model-specific diagrams are then copies of the ISIMIP2b-complete model, with individual processes either included or grayed out. An open-source tool has been developed and published jointly with the diagrams, which allows someone to generate a diagram for their own global water model by adapting the diagrams presented here. As well as serving an educational purpose, we envisage that the diagrams will help researchers in and outside of the global water model community to select suitable model(s) for specific applications, stimulate a community learning process, and identify missing components to help direct future model developments.Item Metadata only Environmental change increases the transmission risk of visceral leishmaniasis in central China around the Taihang mountains(2025-12-01) Meng Z.; Fan P.W.; Fan Z.X.; Chen S.; Jiang H.; Shi Y.; Yao L.; Yao J.Y.; Wang Y.P.; Hao M.M.; Xie W.Q.; Bai Y.Q.; Wang Q.; Sun K.; Xie X.L.; Zhou J.W.; Jiang D.; Zheng C.J.; Wu H.; Ma T.; Ding F.Y.; Meng Z.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected life-threatening sandfly-borne disease, which brings a growing public health threat in Central China around the Taihang Mountains. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis in the local community and the potential driving factors remain poorly understood. Methods: We analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of new reported visceral leishmaniasis cases in the region from 2006 to 2023, and combined random forest modeling approach with environmental covariates to identify the main influencing factors related to transmission risk of the disease. Results: Our results show that there was a total number of 800 reported human visceral leishmaniasis cases, affecting 29 cities, and 113 counties across the region, exhibiting a geographic expansion of the disease during this period, especially in Shanxi province. Two high-risk clusters were identified in the study. Environmental change-related factors, including standardized precipitation deviation, forest cumulative change ratio, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) cumulative change, played important roles in increasing the transmission risk of visceral leishmaniasis, with their relative contributions summing up to 66.17%. Conclusions: Our findings provide a better understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of visceral leishmaniasis recurrence across Central China around the Taihang Mountains, which underscore prevention and control measures should be taken immediately to reduce the risk.Item Metadata only Impacts of Pharmacokinetic Gene Polymorphisms on Steady-State Plasma Concentrations of Simvastatin in Thai Population(2025-05-01) Tipnoppanon S.; Udomnilobol U.; Siwamogsatham S.; Vorasettakarnkij Y.; Sukasem C.; Prueksaritanont T.; Chariyavilaskul P.; Yodsurang V.; Srimatimanon T.; Chamnanphon M.; Vanwong N.; Tipnoppanon S.; Mahidol UniversitySimvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, is widely used for hypercholesterolemia but may cause myotoxicity linked to its plasma concentration. Pharmacokinetic gene polymorphisms influence inter-individual variability in simvastatin exposure. This study investigated the effects of pharmacokinetic gene polymorphisms on steady-state simvastatin plasma levels in Thai patients. Eighty-nine Thai patients with dyslipidemia or coronary artery disease on simvastatin treatment for at least 2 weeks without dose adjustment were recruited from King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Simvastatin lactone and acid concentrations were measured 12 h post-dose using UHPLC–MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic gene polymorphisms, including ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5, were genotyped by MassARRAY System. The results showed that patients with the SLCO1B1 c.521TC+CC genotype had significantly higher simvastatin acid levels than those with c.521TT (0.53 vs. 0.19 ng/mL, p = 0.03). Similarly, the SLCO1B1*1b/*15 genotype was associated with higher simvastatin acid levels than SLCO1B1*1a/*1a (0.58 vs. 0.16 ng/mL, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that SLCO1B1 c.521T>C, alone or with c.388A>G (SLCO1B1*1b/*15), reduces OATP1B1 function, leading to elevated simvastatin acid levels and increased myotoxicity risk. This study confirms the association of SLCO1B1 rs4149056 (c.521T>C) with higher simvastatin plasma levels in Thai patients. The study highlights the potential role of SLCO1B1 genotyping, particularly rs4149056 (c.521T>C) and rs2306283 (c.388A>G), in guiding statin therapy for Thai patients, which could help optimize treatment and reduce adverse effects such as statin-induced myotoxicity.Item Metadata only Resolution of paradoxical bilateral aldosterone suppression with mass spectrometry(2025-04-01) Wannachalee T.; Vibhatavata P.; Konzen S.; Lee C.; Gherasim C.; Shields J.J.; Turcu A.F.; Wannachalee T.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the standard-of-care for primary aldosteronism (PA) subtyping. Paradoxical bilateral aldosterone suppression (BAS), defined by lower aldosterone/cortisol ratio in both adrenal veins compared to peripheral circulation, has been reported in AVS studies, but the underlying causes remain poorly understood. We aimed to assess the prevalence of BAS in AVS without and with cosyntropin stimulation based on clinical immunoassays, and to probe the BAS results using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods: We retrospectively assessed the BAS prevalence among patients with confirmed PA who underwent AVS in a referral center between 2015 and 2023. Simultaneous AVS was performed both before and after cosyntropin stimulation. LC-MS/MS quantitation of cortisol and aldosterone was performed in patients with serum available. Results: Of 402 patients, BAS was observed in 102 (25%): Pre-cosyntropin in 31, post-cosyntropin in 48 (including 10 who did not meet successful catheterization criteria in baseline samples), and both pre- and post- cosyntropin in 23. Paradoxically, AVS indicated lateralized PA in 36% and 43% of patients with BAS based on pre- and post-cosyntropin data, respectively. Using LC-MS/MS, BAS was not present in 42/53 (79%) patients with serum available. Compared to LC-MS/MS, immunoassays overestimated cortisol across the analytical range. In contrast, for aldosterone, immunoassays overestimated low concentrations, but underestimated high concentrations, such as those measured in adrenal veins. Conclusions: Apparent BAS derives primarily from artifacts in clinical immunoassays. These data caution against assuming that aldosterone suppression indicates contralateral aldosterone lateralization in cases with partial adrenal vein catheterization failure.Item Metadata only Near and far future conservation, land use, and land cover interactions around the wider Etosha landscape, north-central Namibia(2025-06-01) Kariuki R.W.; Thorn J.P.R.; Mfune J.K.E.; Marchant R.; Capitani C.; Kariuki R.W.; Mahidol UniversityRecent conservation efforts have resulted in the growth of protected and conserved areas as a land use across African drylands. However, land use and land cover change (LULCC) associated with habitat fragmentation continues to be a substantive driver of biodiversity loss in multiple-use landscapes. This study highlights the significance of perspectives from diverse stakeholders in understanding LULCC in a southern African dryland where the coverage of protected and conserved areas is increasing. The study models future land cover change scenarios and assesses their alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Agenda 2030 and the African Union (AU) Agenda 2063. Three scenarios representing business-as-usual conditions, conservation and livestock production, and agricultural and livestock production are outlined. Under business-as-usual conditions, protected areas are conserved and built-up areas expand. However, land degradation occurs where people are concentrated around key resource areas. In a scenario focused on conservation and livestock production, conservation initiatives are strengthened, but expansion of shrublands occurs in livestock-dominated areas that are not well managed. In a scenario focused on agricultural and livestock production, farms grow but their expansion within protected areas causes human-wildlife conflicts. Desirable near and far futures — characterised by environmental integrity, human-wildlife coexistence, and an equitable, thriving wildlife-based economy — are seen as attainable through coordinated land-based activities and the implementation of community-based conservation legislation. Outputs from this study demonstrate the value of a stakeholder-led approach in tackling conservation challenges and in planning for a sustainable future for an arid region heavily reliant on land-based livelihoods.Item Metadata only 18F-FDG PET for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Principles and Progress(2025-01-01) Thientunyakit T.; Wannasoupol N.; Sethanandha C.; Piyapittayanan S.; Siriprapa T.; Thongpraparn T.; Muangpaisan W.; Gelovani J.; Thientunyakit T.; Mahidol UniversityThe prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has been increasing in aging society. Recent developments in several biomarkers help understand the underlying principles of neurodegenerative diseases and accelerate remarkable progress in clinical practice and research. Here, we describe a prospective study on the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) of the brain as a predictive marker for response to treatment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and compare results with other imaging markers, including amyloid PET, MRI, and the integrated imaging marker using amyloid PET, FDG PET, and MRI. We aim to provide the readers with guidelines on applying both qualitative and semiquantitative and integrating FDG PET data with other imaging markers. The research challenges and possible measures to overcome those challenges are also discussed.Item Metadata only Is neck and shoulder posture, muscle activity and discomfort influenced by tablet inclination in young adults with and without neck pain?(2025-04-01) Bhuanantanondh P.; Rungkitlertsakul S.; Richards J.; Bhuanantanondh P.; Mahidol UniversityThis study aimed to investigate the effect of tablet inclination on neck and shoulder posture, muscle activity, and discomfort in young adults with and without neck pain during a prolonged writing task. Participants performed a continuous writing task on a tablet for 40 minutes under two conditions, tablet lying flat and with a 30o inclination. The results showed that young adults with neck pain demonstrated higher neck-shoulder muscle activity and discomfort whilst maintaining a similar neck-shoulder posture than those without neck pain. The 30o inclination improved neck-shoulder posture and reduced neck discomfort but induced greater shoulder muscle activity. After 20 minutes, the flat tablet led to increased neck muscle activity in the neck pain group and increased neck discomfort in the group without neck pain. In conclusion, young adults should be recommended to use a 30o inclination and writing on a flat tablet for longer than 20 minutes should be discouraged.Item Metadata only Assessing subcutaneous changes in lymphedema by subcutaneous tissue ultrasonography and pathological association(2025-12-01) Piyaman P.; Sitthinamsuwan P.; Apichonbancha S.; Yodrabum N.; Piyaman P.; Mahidol UniversityThe subcutaneous changes of lymphedema, collectively termed “adipose tissue remodeling”, comprises adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis, etc. To detect these changes, subcutaneous tissue ultrasonography was developed using conventional high-frequency ultrasound (6–18 MHz) to assess 2 parameters: (1) subcutaneous echogenicity (SEG) and (2) subcutaneous echo-free space (SEF). Despite its potential, research on the histopathological associations and clinical applications of this modality remains limited. This study recruited 22 patients with secondary lymphedema involving upper and lower limbs who were undergoing lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA). SEG and SEF were graded at 46 surgical sites. While performing LVA, 46 pieces of skin, 46 aggregates of subcutaneous tissue, and 100 segments of collecting lymph vessels were biopsied for pathological evaluation. The results showed that the presence of adipose tissue remodeling associated with progression of SEG and SEF grades. On the other hand, severity of lymphatic vessels showed no association with progression of SEG and SEF grades but surprisingly showed an inverse trend with the presence of adipose tissue remodeling. SEG grade, SEF grade and clinical stage (ISL) show similarly high sensitivity for detecting adipose tissue remodeling, but none of them show sufficient specificity. The application of subcutaneous tissue ultrasonography is suitable for screening of the adipose tissue remodeling.Item Metadata only Safety and efficacy of programmed cell death-1 inhibitors in relapsed immune-privileged site lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis(2025-04-01) Uawithya E.; Kulchutisin K.; Jitprapaikulsan J.; Leelakanok N.; Owattanapanich W.; Uawithya E.; Mahidol UniversityBackground Large B-cell lymphoma of immune-privileged sites (LBCL-IP) is a rare subtype characterized by immune evasion properties. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) are examples of LBCL-IP associated with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Few studies have investigated the use of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with relapsed PCNSL and PTL. Objective To conduct a systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with relapsed PCNSL and PTL. Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for relevant studies. The inclusion criteria focused on adult patients diagnosed with relapsed PCNSL or PTL who were treated with PD-1 inhibitors. We excluded case reports or series with fewer than five participants, review articles, and animal studies. A random-effects model with the DerSimonian‒Laird method analyzed the pooled complete response rate (CRR), partial response rate (PRR), overall response rate (ORR), and progression-free survival (PFS) rate. Results Seven studies comprising 127 patients (124 with relapsed PCNSL and 3 with PTL) were included. All patients were treated with either nivolumab or pembrolizumab. The pooled CRR was 42.8% (95% CI, 25.7%‒60.0%; I2 = 75.25%; p < 0.001), indicating high heterogeneity. The pooled PRR was 17.1% (95% CI, 9.5%‒24.7%; I2 = 18.71%; p = 0.287), with nonsignificant heterogeneity. The pooled ORR was 67.1% (95% CI, 44.9%‒89.4%; I2 = 88.64%; p < 0.001), indicating high heterogeneity. The 6-month PFS rate was 34.8% (95% CI, 18.1%‒51.5%; I2 = 27%; p = 0.242), with low heterogeneity. Thirty-eight adverse events were reported. The most common were skin reactions (14 events; 36.8%), fatigue (11 events; 28.9%), and nausea (6 events; 15.8%). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that PD-1 inhibitors show promising efficacy in relapsed PCNSL and PTL, with significant responses observed. The adverse effects were mild, with the most common being skin reactions. Therefore, PD1 inhibitors have the potential to drive advancements in treatment strategies for relapsed PCNSL and PTL.