Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only MORAL GROWTH IN A DIGITAL AGE: APPLYING THE THREEFOLD TRAINING TO ENHANCE THE LIFESTYLES AND TECHNOLOGY USE OF GENERATION C STUDENTS IN THE THAILAND 4.0 ERA(2025-10-01) Sarapirom K.; Aroonsrimorakot S.; Muangnual P.; Taerakul P.; Sarapirom K.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and Objectives: Within the Thailand 4.0 context, where digital transformation has reshaped education and society, the lifestyles of Generation C, defined by connectivity, creativity, and collaboration, are shaped by pervasive technology use. While these changes offer opportunities for innovation and learning, they raise concerns regarding ethical awareness, digital well-being, and value-based living. Educational institutions must therefore address both digital access and students' personal, social, and ethical development . Generation C favors personalized learning, online collaboration, and constant connectivity, yet also faces risks such as digital addiction, distraction, and psychological stress. Although Generation C's digital lifestyles have been widely studied, prior research has largely treated digital behavior, digital literacy, and moral education as separate domains. This fragmentation has limited empirical understanding of how moral development can be systematically cultivated in technology-mediated learning environments, revealing a clear gap in integrative models grounded in indigenous ethical frameworks. Drawing on Buddhadhamma, the Threefold Training, sīla (Moral Discipline), samādhi (Concentration), and paññā (Wisdom), offers a holistic theoretical foundation for addressing this gap. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine how integrating the Buddhist Threefold Training into the digital lifestyles of Generation C students in higher education contributes to moral growth, ethical awareness, and self-regulation, and to propose an educational model aligning digital literacy with moral cultivation in Thailand. Methodology: A mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 480 undergraduate students from six universities across Thailand, using stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and regression analysis to examine relationships among digital lifestyles, moral development, and the Threefold Training components. The instrument assessed digital literacy, lifestyle balance, and ethical awareness mapped to sīla, samādhi, and paññā. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 15 experts, including educators, digital literacy specialists, and Buddhist scholars, and were analyzed thematically to complement the quantitative findings. Main Results: The findings indicated that students' digital lifestyles significantly influenced moral development and digital well-being, presenting both strengths and risks. Reflective digital practices aligned with paññā emerged as the strongest predictor of digital moral growth. Ethical online collaboration associated with sīla supported empathy and responsible interaction, while samādhi enhanced attention regulation and reduced problematic technology use. Conversely, excessive social media engagement negatively affected ethical awareness and self-regulation. Qualitative findings highlighted Buddhist-informed practices-such as mindful pauses, pre-commitment rules, and purpose-driven routines-support healthier technology use. These integrated findings informed the development of the S-M-P Innovation Model, which embeds morality, concentration, and wisdom into digital learning environments to promote ethical and mindful digital living aligned with Thailand 4.0. Involvement to Buddhadhamma: Grounded in Applied Buddhism and the development of wisdom and morality, this study employed the Threefold Training as an integrated theoretical and practical framework for digital ethics and lifestyle development. Its contributions include: Translating Buddhist principles into contemporary digital ethics; Applying mental cultivation to enhance technology self-regulation; Harnessing wisdom for media discernment; Embedding Buddhist pedagogy within Thailand 4.0 capital development; and Bridging Dhamma and education through empirical evidence. The findings demonstrate that Buddhadhamma remains both timeless and relevant in guiding Generation C toward ethical, mindful, and purposeful digital living. Conclusions: The research confirms that the Buddhist Threefold Training constitutes a culturally grounded and pedagogically effective educational innovation for enhancing ethical attitudes, self-regulation, and reflective competencies among Generation C students. It recommends integrating the S-M-P Innovation Model into curricula, digital literacy programs, and student support systems to foster ethical technology use and value-driven digital lifestyles. Beyond Thailand, the model offers relevance for ASEAN and global education systems seeking to balance digital advancement with values-based human development.Item Metadata only From the Iberian Peninsula to the Chao Phraya River: Diplomatic Relations Between Thailand and Spain in the Early Cold War (1947–1957)(2025-09-01) Boontanondha T.; Srivoranart P.; Boontanondha T.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and Objectives: During the early Cold War, Thailand and Spain faced comparable political circumstances, leading to the renewal of the diplomatic relations that had remained largely inactive since the reign of King Rama V. This research aims to study the diplomatic relations between the two states from 1947 to 1957, during which both countries pursued a strategy of bandwagoning diplomacy to gain recognition from the superpowers of the free world and to secure aid in the fight against the threat of communism. Methods: The research used the historical method through documentary analysis, using relevant documents to support a descriptive and analytical report presentation by utilizing primary sources from the National Archives of Thailand and the General Archive of the Administration of the Spanish Government as the main sources. Results: After the end of the Second World War, both Thailand and Spain were under dictatorial governments, which were not recognized by the superpower nations. Therefore, both nations sought to gain support—particularly financial aid— to restore their nations. Simultaneously, communism was expanding its influence worldwide, prompting the free world—especially led by the United States (U. S.)—to recognize the strategic importance of endorsing the status of Thailand and Spain. As a result, the U.S. found it necessary to provide aid to both nations to help them resist the communist threat. In response, Thailand and Spain pursued the foreign policies that served the interests of the U.S. in exchange for various forms of assistance. To achieve that goal, both nations adopted bandwagoning diplomacy, signaling their readiness to align their policies with those of the U.S. This approach laid the foundation for their bilateral relations during the Cold War, as both nations shared the common policy of supporting the free world and resisting communism. Application of this study: This research examined international relations during the early Cold War and it applies to the study of Cold War history in Thailand and Spain, focusing on how both nations chose to cooperate with each other within the Cold War context. Conclusions: The relationship between Thailand and Spain during the early Cold War emerged as both nations adopted bandwagoning diplomacy, aligning with the U.S. and collaborating with free world nations. As a result, Thailand and Spain worked to reconcile their relations. The decision to establish the Spanish Embassy in Bangkok, followed by the Thai Embassy in Madrid, marked the significant step in reinforcing their diplomatic relations. Moreover, Thailand supported Spain’s bid for the United Nations membership, while Spain contributed by offering scholarships to Thai students and allowing naval cadets to study at the Spanish Naval Military Academy. Over time, their relationship continued to develop, ultimately leading them to become security partners.Item Metadata only Epidemiology of Adult-Onset Nystagmus and Saccadic Intrusions of Central Etiologies: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County(2025-01-01) Rattanathamsakul N.; Dahl H.; Botello-Hernandez E.; Tajfirouz D.A.; Chodnicki K.D.; Chen J.J.; Bhatti M.T.; Rattanathamsakul N.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: – The incidence and clinical characteristics of adult-onset abnormal spontaneous eye movements of central origin remain poorly defined.Methods: – We conducted a retrospective, population-based study using the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify all adults (age ≥18 years) in Olmsted County, MN, diagnosed with nystagmus or saccadic intrusions between 1970 and 2019. Cases involving childhood-onset nystagmus, physiologic, or peripheral vestibular nystagmus, as well as those with insufficient diagnostic information, were excluded. Demographics, clinical, and imaging data were collected, including nystagmus types, characteristics, and outcomes.Results: – A total of 208 patients were identified for the 50-year period, yielding a median annual incidence of 4.65 per 100, 000 adults. The mean age at diagnosis was 56.2 ± 19.2 years and 43.3% were female. Gaze-evoked nystagmus (46.2%) was the most frequent subtype, followed by torsional (25.0%), downbeat (11.5%), and upbeat nystagmus (8.7%). The cerebellum was the most commonly affected region on neuroimaging, and strokes/transient ischemic attacks were the leading etiology. Specific lesion–nystagmus correlations included pendular and abducting nystagmus with pontine lesions (P = 0.009 and <0.001, respectively), convergence–retraction nystagmus with midbrain (P = 0.036), and thalamic lesions (P = 0.007). Torsional nystagmus was most frequently associated with ischemic strokes (P = 0.045), downbeat nystagmus (DBN) with central nervous system malformations (P = 0.008), and abducting nystagmus with demyelinating diseases (P < 0.001). At follow-up visits, approximately 60% of cases showed complete or partial improvement. Factors independently associated with nystagmus recovery included skew deviation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.667 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.234–5.768])), toxic-metabolic cause (aHR 3.378 [95% CI, 1.816–6.284]), absence of DBN (aHR 0.142 [95% CI, 0.050–0.407]), and absence of neurodegeneration (aHR 0.050 [95% CI, 0.007–0.372]).Conclusions: – This is the first population-based study describing the incidence and characteristics of adult-onset central nystagmus and saccadic intrusions in North America. Distinct anatomical and etiologic associations were identified across nystagmus subtypes. Poorer recovery was linked to neurodegenerative diseases, and DBN, whereas nystagmus improvement was associated with toxic-metabolic cause and presence of skew deviation.Item Metadata only Monte Carlo dosing simulations of topical terpinen-4-ol from Zingiber cassumunar oil against Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus(2025-02-25) Win E.E.; Chooluck K.; Nosoongnoen W.; Win E.E.; Mahidol UniversityPlai oil is an essential oil derived from the steam distillation of Zingiber cassumunar rhizome. The oil contains terpinen-4-ol (T4) as its major component. This study developed and validated gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric methods for quantifying and investigating the physicochemical properties of T4 and determined the effective dosage regimens of T4 against Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus using Monte Carlo simulation. The results demonstrated that the aqueous solubility of pure T4 was higher than that of T4 in plai oil, and the log Kow of T4 in the pure form and plai oil were in the ranges of 0.73–2.83 and 0.77– 2.88, respectively. The simulation analysis suggested topical pure T4 dosage regimens of 1.50 and 2.00 g/cm2 every 12 h to suppress C. acnes (MIC 1,489.60 µg/mL) and S. aureus (MIC 2,327.50 µg/mL), respectively, to achieve the PKPD targets of Cmax > MIC and AUC > 2×MIC. When converted to plai oil (21.23% w/w of T4), the topical dosage regimens were 7.07 and 9.42 g/cm2 every 12 h, respectively. At higher MIC or PKPD targets, the topical dosage regimens of T4 and plai oil were 2.70 and 12.72 g/cm2 for C. acnes and 3.00 and 14.13 g/cm2 for S. aureus, every 12 h.Item Metadata only The Utility of CSF Biomarkers in Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease: A Thai Cohort Study(2025-01-01) Nanthasi W.; Rattanabannakit C.; Wongkom N.; Dujada P.; Raksthaput A.; Chaichanettee S.; Phoyoo P.; Wachirutmanggur L.; An S.S.A.; Senanarong V.; Nanthasi W.; Mahidol UniversityAbstract – Introduction: Cutoff values for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers vary by analytic technique and population, which complicates the differentiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from non-AD dementias. We aimed to establish local cerebrospinal fluid biomarker cutoffs within a Thai cohort. Materials and Methods: We recruited 68 patients with various forms of dementia from the Memory Clinic at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. Each patient underwent clinical subtyping for dementia, and their cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ42, p-tau181, and t-tau were quantified using the Fujirebio INNOTEST ELISA. We then employed a data-driven approach, specifically a Z-score-based Gaussian Mixture Model, to define intersection cutoffs for Aβ42, p-tau181, t-tau, and the p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio. These established biomarker cutoffs were subsequently incorporated with clinical manifestations to refine the clinicobiological diagnoses. Results: Our study included 67 patients (mean age 65.5 ± 7.4 years, 61.2% female). Using a data-driven approach, we established the following CSF biomarker cutoffs for identifying AD in this Thai cohort: Aβ42 at 492.67 pg/mL, p-tau181 at 44.00 pg/mL, t-tau at 545.97 pg/mL, and the p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio at 0.057. After incorporating these CSF biomarker results with clinical profiles, the diagnoses changed in 17.9% of the patients. Conclusions: In this study, CSF cutoffs for differentiating AD from non-AD dementia were established through a data-driven approach, which has been demonstrated as a valid alternative methodology. The integration of clinical and biological profiles is paramount in achieving accurate dementia diagnoses.Item Metadata only FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH UNINTENDED PREGNANCIES AMONG WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA(2025-11-01) Kusumaningtyas C.A.; Darmawan W.S.; Fareza A.R.; Qotrunnada M.Z.; Sukarno; Prapatpong P.; Saputro S.A.; Kusumaningtyas C.A.; Mahidol UniversityUnintended pregnancies are still a major global reproductive health issue since affecting the risk of maternal and child health. This study aims to determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancies and its associated factors among women of childbearing age in East Java. We explored secondary data analysis from the most recent 2019 Program Performance and Accountability Survey. Frequency distribution tables and cross-tabulations were used to describe the participants characteristics. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to find the effect size of predictors on unintended pregnancies with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). All analysis were done using STATA version 17 with complex survey data design. This study revealed that the weighted prevalence of unintended pregnancies was 14.95% (95% CI: 13.47 – 16.42) among current married women. The main reasons of unintended pregnancies were living in urban areas (aOR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.05–1.77), from rich household wealth index (aOR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.17–2.83), and used electronic media (aOR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.21–2.75). Policies to reduce unintended pregnancies should prioritize married women in urban areas, particularly those who have good access to electronic media, and come from more prosperous households. The provision of accurate and standardized contraceptive information through digital-based family planning education, facilitated by qualified health communicators, plays a pivotal role in mitigating misinformation. BKKBN needs to encourage the optimization of the Kampung KB and Bangga Kencana programs to increase access to effective contraceptive methods, notably LARCs.Item Metadata only THE INTERPLAY OF ANXIETY, STRESS, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS IN ASIAN POPULATIONS(2025-08-06) Suanrueang P.; Suanrueang P.; Mahidol UniversityBACKGROUND: Healthcare management in modern society plays a crucial role in addressing both physical and mental health conditions, with depression being a prominent concern. Stress and anxiety were intercorrelated with depression, which is commonly reported among individuals of both genders. However, few studies have presented results on this interlink based on sexual orientation. METHODS: This study involved examining the association between stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, and the ability of anxiety and stress to predict depressive symptoms in a sample of 21,972 volunteer participants from Asian countries (Open-Source & Open-Source Psychometrics Project), who self-reported their mental health experiences in questionnaires on an online platform using the DASS-42 self-report questionnaire. Simple and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the interaction between the three emotional states across five sexual orientations. RESULTS: Across all five sexual orientations (heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual, asexual, and ‘others’), anxiety has been found to be a significant predictor of stress (R2=0.68-0.73) and depressive symptoms (R2=0.64-0.72). Additionally, stress has been shown to be a significant predictor (R2=0.79-0.84) of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the combination of stress and anxiety was a statistically significant predictor of depressive symptoms in individuals with all five sexual orientations. (Depressive symptoms = 1.26+0.76 stress+0.22 anxiety, R2= 0.66, p <.001). In other words, people with higher levels of anxiety and stress are more likely to develop depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that anxiety and stress predict depression not only in a general population but also across sexual minority groups, suggesting that mental healthcare management should combine universal approaches addressing common risk factors and targeted interventions to respond to the unique determinants of mental health in sexual minority populations, especially stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion which differ from those in the general population.Item Metadata only Photoluminescence and Electrical Properties of IGZO Thin Films Prepared by Sputtering and Solution Processes(2025-01-01) Boonyopakorn N.; Khemphet S.; Jaisutti R.; Osotchan T.; Boonyopakorn N.; Mahidol UniversityIndium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) is a semiconducting oxide material with high carrier mobility, and utilized as a thin film transistor. There are two methods normally used to fabricate the IGZO thin films; sputtering and solution techniques. For sputtering technique, the powder mixture of indium oxide (In2O3), gallium oxide (Ga2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were grinded and pressed then heat at 1300 °C for 3 hours. The x-rays diffraction pattern of the sintered IGZO disc indicates the crystal structure of IGZO compound. The IGZO disc with a diameter of 3 inches was employed for the target of radio frequency (RF) magneton sputtering (13.56 MHz). The IGZO thin film was prepared on the glass or quartz substates under Ar atmospheric pressure of 5 x 10-3 mbar at RF power of 60 W for 30 minutes. In addition, the ease fabrication technique of solution process was also conducted to prepare IGZO thin films from the solution mixture of metal precursors dissolved in 2-methoxyethanol at 75 °C for 12 hours to form a partial network of metal-oxygen-metal bonds. Subsequently, the deep ultraviolet was irradiated under nitrogen gas for 2 hours. The high carrier mobility of 0.5 and 10.9 cm2/Vs can be achieved for IGZO thin films prepared from sol-gel and sputtering methods, respectively. The photoluminescence excitation was proposed to examine the defect levels in both prepared films, and these spectra can be used to relate to the electric properties of the prepared IGZO films.Item Metadata only Association Between Antenatal COVID-19 Vaccination and Neonatal Outcomes(2025-01-01) Thewaran N.; Laohavinij W.; Chaithongwongwatthana S.; Woratanarat P.; Lohsoonthorn V.; Woratanarat T.; Thewaran N.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: – COVID-19 vaccines are essential public health tools for prevention and control the pandemic. There is still misinformation regarding their safety in pregnant women, particularly in countries with widely used heterologous vaccination. This study investigated the association between maternal COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and important neonatal outcomes. Methods: – A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 4032 pregnant women at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand, between September 2021 and December 2023. Demographics, vaccination characteristics and adverse neonatal outcomes were collected. The analysis was done by using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: – Of 4032 participants, 1657 (41.1%) received COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy, mostly mRNA vaccines (60.6%). Vaccination was significantly associated with a lower rate of stillbirth [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.41, 95% CI: 0.16-0.97] and SGA (aOR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08-0.90). Vaccination during the second or third trimester was specifically associated with a lower rate of abortion, stillbirth, SGA, and low 5-minute Apgar scores compared with unvaccinated pregnancies. Adequately vaccinated individuals had significantly fewer overall adverse neonatal outcomes compared with partially vaccinated individuals. In addition, mRNA vaccination was associated with a lower abortion and stillbirth rate compared with no vaccination. Conclusions: – Maternal COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased adverse neonatal outcomes and was associated with lower rate of stillbirth and small for gestational age. More favorable associations were observed for vaccination in the second or third trimester and for adequate vaccination, and mRNA vaccination showed a lower rate of abortion and stillbirth compared with no vaccination, supporting the safety of vaccination in pregnancy.Item Metadata only Nutraceuticals and functional food from food and agro-industrial wastes(2025-01-01) Taduru A.S.; Singhal P.; Kaushik G.; Chaudhery H.; Kalimuthu K.; Taduru A.S.; Mahidol UniversityFood, industrial, and agricultural wastes are of great value in the current world because of their effectiveness as natural sources of bioactive composites, which can further induce by-products that add value to life. Restoring bioactive composites from similar scribes to create functional/healthy nourishments is an effective method to exercise trash. Various investigations in the past have shown that agricultural waste can be developed by the processing industries and are productive in bioactive composites, similar to phenolic composites, organic acids, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc. The increasing demand for substituting artificial antioxidants and antimicrobial composites with real ones has prompted a search for these bioactive composites from industrial resources, notably fruit and vegetable processing waste. The agro-industrial products from varied food manufacturing diligence release a considerable amount of fruit and vegetable waste that causes deposits in the external tips. Several secondary metabolites, vitamins, and minerals have been extracted from colorful food waste. In the future, the prismatic curtain-raisers could give a contemporary approach to increasing the production of composites for use as nutraceuticals or as basics in designing functional foods. Hence, this study discusses their practical application in developing nutraceutical products, health benefits, bioprocess development, and the benefits of incorporating food waste products.Item Metadata only THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLD BEVERAGES VERSUS ICE-SLURRY DRINKS ON THE ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE OF THAI FUTSAL PLAYERS USING K-MEANS CLUSTERING(2025-01-01) Pariyavuth P.; Panurushthanon P.; Punthipayanon S.; Klabchom K.; Thongtha K.; Chottidao M.; Pochai N.; Pariyavuth P.; Mahidol UniversityCooling interventions during futsal halftime breaks show substantial individual variability in physiological responses, yet standardized protocols fail to account for athlete-specific thermal stress susceptibility. This study employed This study used K-means clustering to compare the effectiveness of cold beverages versus ice slurry and to identify distinct physiological response phenotypes for personalized cooling strategy optimization. Ten competitive male futsal players (22.4 ± 2.1 years; 68.5 ± 8.2 kg) completed a randomized crossover design. Following the Futsal Intermittent Shuttle-Run Protocol (FIRP), participants consumed either ice slurry (-1°C) or cold sports beverages (4°C) at 7.5 g/kg body mass during 10-minute recovery. Futsal-specific reactive agility tests (RAG-D, RAG-T), blood lactate, heart rate, urine specific gravity, and perceived exertion were measured. K-means clustering analysis with silhouette validation identified response patterns. Three distinct physiological phenotypes emerged (silhouette coefficient = 0.67). Cluster 1 (High-Response, n=4): elevated blood lactate (>8.0 mmol/L), highest cardiovascular stress, superior ice-slurry response. Cluster 2 (Moderate-Response, n=3): balanced responses to both modalities. Cluster 3 (Low-Response, n=3): conservative responses with maintained performance, preferential ice-slurry benefits. Strong correlations existed between body mass and response magnitude (r = 0.78, p < 0.01). Unsupervised machine learning effectively discerned unique cooling response phenotypes, facilitating evidence-based customization of cooling therapies. This signifies a substantial progression in the accuracy of sports performance enhancement.Item Metadata only PRECISION HEALTH THROUGH WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY: K-MEANS CLUSTERING FOR CULTURALLY ADAPTED NCD PREVENTION(2025-01-01) Pochai N.; Klabchom K.; Siriussawakul A.; Pariyavuth P.; Panurushthanon P.; Al-Umaree P.; Chottidao M.; Punthipayanon S.; Pochai N.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a critical global health challenge, accounting for 71% of deaths worldwide, with disproportionate burden in underserved populations including religious communities. Thai Buddhist monks face exceptionally high NCD prevalence attributed to sedentary lifestyles, dietary constraints, and limited physical activity opportunities inherent to monastic practices. This study introduces a novel machine learning framework for culturally-adapted health monitoring, addressing the urgent need for scalable, technology-driven solutions in traditional religious communities globally. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed an innovative K-means clustering approach to analyze wearable device data from 28 Thai Buddhist monks over one month (November-December 2024). Polar Pacer Pro devices captured daily step counts, average heart rate (beats per minute), and energy expenditure (kilocalories). Following Min-Max normalization, unsupervised K-means clustering identified distinct physical activity phenotypes. Optimal cluster determination utilized the Elbow Method through Within-Cluster Sum of Squares (WCSS) analysis. This represents the first application of unsupervised machine learning for health pattern recognition in monastic populations, demonstrating methodological innovation in small-sample clustering validation for culturally-specific healthcare contexts. Results: K-means clustering successfully identified distinct activity profiles within the monastic population, revealing significant heterogeneity in physical activity patterns. The analysis differentiated monks into meaningful clusters based on step count (range: 700-18,650 daily steps), heart rate (50-87 bpm), and energy consumption (1,623-3,758 kcal) profiles. Cluster centroids demonstrated clear stratification: low-activity groups (1,079-3,763 steps daily) representing 39% of participants with sedentary behavior patterns, moderate-activity clusters (4,495-5,164 steps), and high-activity groups (9,381-12,664 steps) approaching recommended cardiovascular health guidelines. These quantitative classifications provide empirical foundations for precision health interventions tailored to individual risk profiles. Discussion: The research evaluates scalable digital health system that holds great potential for implementation in many religious and cultural groups globally. The clustering approach was able to identify actionable health phenotypes that inform targeted NCD prevention strategies that do not violate cultural restrictions. Low-activity clusters could be seen as the straightforward target of intervention, and the higher-activity cluster indicates that the promotion of physical activity practices is successful in the traditional approach. The methodology is a potentially effective method that is feasible in resource-restricted environments, about consumer-level wearable technology and open-source machine learning algorithms. Strategies of cultural adaptation, such as the application of Buddhist walking meditation and mindful movements in health promotion, serve as sustainable avenues of health promotion at the community level. This framework offers a replicable template related to health disparities in religious community members around the world (estimated 500+ million) and can lead to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) via innovative and culturally relevant digital health technologies. These results can guide policymaking based on evidence related to community health initiatives and illustrate how the precision health vision can empower traditional in the development of precision health to address modern NCDs in contemporary society.Item Metadata only Digital twins and cloud computing(2025-01-01) Pathare P.B.; Patil H.; Nirmal N.; de Waal J.M.; Jagtap S.; Mahanti N.K.; Sharma P.; Prasath V.A.; Pathare P.B.; Mahidol UniversitySeafood products play a major role in ensuring global food security and are a valuable source of numerous minerals and micronutrients for the human diet. As seafood items decay quickly and their quality deteriorates over time, processing seafood has historically been difficult. The seafood sector is under growing pressure to improve operational efficiency, traceability, and sustainability. Advances in technology and shifting consumer demands are driving a digital transformation in the seafood business. Businesses that use digital tools and solutions are in a good position to increase productivity, boost sustainability, and spur market expansion. Technologies like digital twins and cloud computing present feasible solutions to these challenges. Cloud solutions enable real-time monitoring of intricate supply chains and environmental conditions by offering scalable infrastructure for data processing, analytics, and storage. Throughout the seafood value chain, from aquaculture farms to processing facilities and distribution networks, digital twins-virtual copies of physical assets and processes-allow for simulation, optimization, and predictive maintenance. The potential of combining cloud computing and digital twins to improve resource management, quality assurance, and seafood production is examined in this chapter. Data from sensors, Internet of Things devices, and other sources can be combined and examined using cloud-based platforms to produce dynamic digital twins that simulate important variables like fish growth, water quality, and processing efficiency. Improved traceability, decreased waste, and better decision-making are made possible by this integration, which eventually helps to make the seafood sector more resilient and sustainable.Item Metadata only Food waste valorization: occupational, consumer, and environmental safety(2025-01-01) Rath P.; Choudhury M.; Bhardwaj L.K.; Ozogul F.; Kalimuthu K.; Dhar S.; Rath P.; Mahidol UniversityThe valorization of food waste is increasingly recognized as a critical component in fostering sustainable food systems, offering a pathway to transform waste into value-added products while simultaneously tackling the pressing global issues of resource depletion and waste production. This chapter delves into the multifaceted safety dimensions associated with food waste valorization processes, encompassing occupational, consumer, and environmental perspectives. Besides, it elucidates the importance of adopting stringent safety measures through a rigorous examination of valorization technologies, from traditional composting and anaerobic digestion to cutting-edge biochemical and thermochemical conversion techniques. These measures are essential to minimize health risks and mitigate adverse environmental consequences from valorization activities. Moreover, the discourse explores existing regulatory frameworks and operational guidelines, advocating for integrating technical, regulatory, and socio-economic considerations. This holistic approach is pivotal to ensuring food waste valorization endeavors’ safety, efficacy, and sustainability. The synthesis of current knowledge underscores the potential of food waste valorization to contribute significantly to resource efficiency and environmental protection. It also emphasizes the imperative for thorough safety evaluations and robust management practices. These practices protect human health and maintain ecological integrity, facilitating the transition toward more resilient and sustainable food systems.Item Metadata only The Role of Leptin and Ghrelin in Food Intake and Body Composition Changes: A mathematical model(2025-01-01) Chudtong M.; De Gaetano A.; Chudtong M.; Mahidol UniversityThis works explores the physiological functions of leptin, including its secretion, effects on appetite, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and its interaction with ghrelin. In addition, the reciprocal interactions between ghrelin and leptin are of growing clinical interest. We detail a possible mathematical model describing the dynamics of key energy substrates, regulatory hormones, appetite, and fat mass over daily and weekly timescales. The model incorporates physiological responses to three mixed meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner), represented in the present case by difference-of-exponential influx functions. The size of these meal pulses is modulated by appetite, which is dynamically regulated by ghrelin and leptin concentrations. The model links the net energy balance, derived from nutrient absorption rates and estimated energy expenditure, to changes in body fat mass. The system is formulated as fifteen coupled nonlinear algebraic and ordinary differential equations (ODEs), including state variables for appetite, gut glucose and lipid contents, glycemia, lipidemia, insulinemia, plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations, and fat mass. We aim to develop a mathematical model which could be employed for effective weight management interventions tailored to individuals by considering not only energy balance and food choices but also hormone interactions especially ghrelin and leptin.Item Metadata only Recent approaches for cell isolation using micro/nanoparticles(2025-01-01) Jangpatarapongsa K.; Polpanich D.; Sittipol S.; Tangchaikeeree T.; Elaissari A.; Jangpatarapongsa K.; Mahidol UniversityCell isolation, a part of sample preparation, is an essential step in almost all pre-analytical procedures, especially in the isolation of living cells for further culturing and molecular analysis. Micro- or nanotechnology results in the high purity of the isolated target cells and improves diagnostic data accuracy. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are the most extensively applied for cell isolation among micro/nanoparticle-based technology. In which, the external magnetic field is used for the enrichment or final isolation of target cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, Natural Killer Cells (NK cells), gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) for further culturing to improve the cell- and immunotherapy and reduce the complication from the therapeutic method. It is difficult to invent cell isolation tools because the biocompatibility aspects need materials that do not affect cytotoxicity and maintain the cell living. Moreover, the material used should not induce an allergic response from human subjects who intend to be used in therapeutic approaches. Therefore, things to remember when using bioconjugate micro/nanoparticles for cell separation include good biocompatibility, high binding capacity, and the superparamagnetic property (in the case of MNPs). This chapter reviews the recent approaches of micro/nanoparticles in cells and sample preparation for biological analysis.Item Metadata only Ancestry and health: a mitochondrial DNA perspective(2025-01-01) Tun A.W.; Htwe T.T.H.; Tun A.W.; Mahidol UniversityThis chapter explores the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in human evolution and human health. The unique features of mtDNA, including maternal inheritance, high mutation rates, and heteroplasmy are fundamental to understanding both population diversity and disease manifestation. Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy serves as a model disease to demonstrate how these unique features influence disease manifestation in addition to primary mtDNA mutations. The evolution of mtDNA haplogroups is traced from their African origins through global dispersal, revealing how selective pressures may have shaped variations in oxidative phosphorylation efficiency across populations. Growing evidence links mtDNA haplogroups to various diseases, from neurodegenerative disorders to metabolic conditions, though there are challenges in establishing and generalizing such associations, due to heteroplasmy, population genetic structure, and mitochondrial-nuclear genome interactions. Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for developing personalized approaches to mitochondrial disorders and interpreting the role of mtDNA variations in human health and disease.Item Metadata only Valorization of food and agroindustrial wastes—synthesis and purification(2025-01-01) Ray P.C.; Rouf S.H.A.; Singh N.; Singh S.J.; Choudhury M.; Kalimuthu K.; Soares C.; Muhammad M.; Rogito R.N.; Verma J.K.; Ray P.C.; Mahidol UniversityThe valorization of food and agroindustrial wastes is a viable path for sustainable resource use in recovering valuable resources and managing food and agroindustrial waste. Over the current global scenario, sources of waste are being prevalently added to the environment through multiple sources. The detrimental impact of all these sources is affecting the environment and associated biotas in general. So, this review on the prospects and scope of valorization of food and agroindustrial waste through synthesis and purification will provide in-depth insights into various mediums and fields that can be adopted for better mitigation measures. The better role of microbes as a means for waste management and their applications in the valorization of food and agroindustrial waste has been valued in this review. Prospects of the utilization of microbes in the valorization of food waste have been addressed for exploiting this waste in the production of biofuel, biogas, and other associated sectors. Moreover, the utilization of microbes in the valorization of agroindustrial waste has been considered in terms of the biosynthesis of value-added compounds, biosurfactant production, polyhydroxyalkanoate production, and other relevant sectors. Valorization of food and agroindustrial waste can only be achieved through combining multiple-level approaches, in combination with various scientific methods and proper management regimes to be applied and adopted at local, regional, and global scales.Item Metadata only Mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in Kedayan population(2025-01-01) Hakim H.M.; Lalung J.; Tun A.W.; Lertrit P.; Kaewsutthi S.; Manela C.; Anggraini F.T.; Nur Haslindawaty A.R.; Hajar C.G.N.; Edinur H.A.; Hakim H.M.; Mahidol UniversityThe Kedayan is an indigenous population in Borneo who speak the Austronesian language, and majority of them live in Sabah and Sarawak on the Malaysian side of the island. In this study, we screened for sequence diversity in the noncoding region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 48 unrelated and unadmixed Kedayan individuals living in Sabah and Sarawak. The probability of two randomly selected individuals from the population having identical mtDNA types is low (0.61%) with a random match probability and haplotype diversity of 0.0365 and 0.9840, respectively. The B4a1a was the most frequently detected mtDNA haplogroup in the Kedayan (25%). This B4a1a haplotype is characterized by polymorphisms at nucleotide positions 16217, 16247, and 16261, and it is widely distributed in other Austronesian natives in Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Polynesia. The newly developed mtDNA population data of the Kedayan people will provide valuable resource for forensic identification purposes and understanding human migration history in the region.Item Metadata only Diagnostic performance of procalcitonin and presepsin in sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis(2025-12-04) Chairaj T.; Mongkhon P.; Leewongsakorn P.; Saensongkwae K.; Nangola S.; Saoin S.; Prompunt E.; Chantharit P.; Kloypan C.; Chairaj T.; Mahidol UniversityBACKGROUND: Sepsis is a critical emergency condition characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated response to infection. In the fast-paced emergency department (ED) setting, rapid identification and prompt initiation of treatment within the initial hours following sepsis onset are critical for reducing mortality and improving patient outcomes. However, a timely and accurate diagnosis remains a significant challenge in emergency medicine. Biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT) and presepsin (P-SEP) have been proposed as tools to distinguish sepsis from other non-infectious inflammatory conditions frequently encountered in the ED, though their diagnostic effectiveness remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of PCT and P-SEP for diagnosis patients with sepsis. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and Scopus databases up to April 1st, 2024 and updated on June 30th, 2025. Studies reporting sensitivity and specificity of PCT and P-SEP for sepsis detection among patients in acute and emergency settings were included. Hierarchical modeling techniques were utilized to pool data for sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Thirty-eight observational studies met inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivities and specificities for detecting sepsis using PCT were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74-0.81) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.71-0.82), respectively. Similarly, for P-SEP, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77-0.86) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73-0.83), respectively. No statistically significant differences were identified between PCT and P-SEP regarding sensitivity (p = 0.169) or specificity (p = 0.792). The summary receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an AUROC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81-0.87) for PCT and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90) for P-SEP. CONCLUSIONS: Both PCT and P-SEP represent reliable biomarkers for early and accurate sepsis detection in acute and ED settings, demonstrating comparable diagnostic performance. Their integration into routine ED assessment protocols may support timely clinical decision-making and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment strategies.