Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only Characterization of lipase-producing halophilic bacteria and partial purification of lipase from Virgibacillus halodenitrificans SKP5-4(2025-01-01) Yiamsombut S.; Daroonpunt R.; Namwong S.; Visessanguan W.; Savarajara A.; Tanasupawat S.; Yiamsombut S.; Mahidol UniversityAims: The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize lipase-producing halophilic strains and partially purify lipase from Virgibacillus halodenitrificans SKP5-4. Methodology and results: Eighteen strains of moderately halophilic bacteria were isolated from shrimp paste (Ka-pi) in Thailand. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, ten lipase-producing halophilic bacteria were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum (SKP1-4), Bacillus salacetis (SKP7-4), Thalassobacillus hwangdonensis (SKP1-5), Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis (SKP2-1 and SKP2-3), Oceanobacillus manasiensis (SKP5-5), Allobacillus halotolerans (SKP2-8), Allobacillus salarius (SKP4-8), Allobacillus saliphilus (SKP8-2), and V. halodenitrificans (SKP5-4). Strain SKP5-4 exhibited high lipase production and was selected for partial purification using HitrapTM DEAE FF anion exchange chromatography and 40-60% cold acetone precipitation. The molecular mass of the protein was estimated at 12, 30, 43 and 50 kDa based on Native-PAGE (10% w/v). Optimal conditions for enzyme activity were pH 7.0, temperature 40 °C and 2% (w/v) NaCl. Additionally, the halophilic lipase showed higher activity at low ionic strength and maintained 80% relative activity at 3-9% (w/v) NaCl. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study characterized ten moderate halophiles and demonstrated the secretion of halophilic lipases from V. halodenitrificans SKP5-4. The halophilic lipase identified may contribute to the production of volatile fatty acids in shrimp paste, enhancing flavour and aroma.Item Metadata only Enhancing Cooperative Learning in Mathematics Education through Sociomathematical Norms in the Era of Society 5.0(2025-01-01) Yulia Y.; Kustati M.; Nelmawarni N.; Perrodin D.D.; Afriadi J.; Rahmadhani M.K.; Yulia Y.; Mahidol UniversityThe research analyzes the efforts to develop student cooperation profiles in mathematics subjects through sociomathematical norms. Society 5.0 is an era where humans collaborate with machines and technology. This is believed to diminish human relationships in society. This research applies a qualitative approach with literature studies described clearly, objectively, systematically, analytically, and critically to develop student cooperation profiles through sociomathematical norms. Research literature data was obtained from previous research articles published in reputable national and international journals. Data was collected using the Google Scholar search engine.Item Metadata only Offshore Platform Decommissioning Option Analysis Using the AnalyticHierarchy Process (AHP) Method: A Comparative Study of OnshoreDisposal (OD) and Carbon Capture Hub (CCH)(2025-01-01) Ng C.Y.; Yusof N.F.; Kang H.S.; Punurai W.; Chiu G.L.F.; Asavadorndeja P.; Ng C.Y.; Mahidol UniversityThis study evaluates offshore platform decommissioning options, comparing Onshore Disposal (OD) withrepurposing as a Carbon Capture Hub (CCH). OD involves high costs and environmental risks due tothe transportation of materials and waste handling. CCH offers a sustainable alternative by repurposingplatforms for long-term carbon sequestration, aligning with global sustainability goals. The AnalyticHierarchy Process (AHP) is used to assess OD and CCH based on platform type, weight management,logistical requirements, and structural integrity. Expert surveys and pairwise comparisons are conducted.The priority weights are derived using the Row Geometric Mean Method (RGMM) and Weighted GeometricMean Method (WGMM), while Geometric Consistency Index (GCI) is used to verify the consistency.Results indicate that Logistic Requirement is the most critical factor, followed by Platform Type andStructural Integrity. AHP rankings show that CCH (0.5736) is the preferred option over OD (0.4264). CCHminimizes environmental impact, optimizes infrastructure reuse, and aligns with regulatory frameworksfor carbon capture and storage. This study provides a structured decision-making framework for offshoreplatform decommissioning. Findings confirm CCH as a viable alternative, offering long-term environmentaland economic benefits over OD. Future research should validate structural feasibility and explore integrationwith renewable energy solutions.Item Metadata only "Application of Electronic Nose Technology for Aroma Profiling and Quality Assessment of Seasonings"(2025-01-01) Chujan K.; Somaudon V.; Kerdcharoen T.; Chujan K.; Mahidol UniversitySeasonings such as fish sauce, seasoning sauce, soy sauce, and oyster sauce are essential for augmenting taste and fragrance in culinary practices. Their sensory attributes are shaped by ingredients, fermentation, and production techniques. Conventional sensory evaluation techniques dependent on human panels frequently exhibit subjectivity and inconsistency. This study utilizes an electronic nose (e-nose) with eight sensors to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from four types of spice sauces. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to examine sensor responses, derive aromatic characteristics, and classify scent profiles. The findings indicate that the electronic nose successfully differentiated among sauce varieties, with Sensor 4 exhibiting the greatest sensitivity to critical volatile organic chemicals, including sulfur compounds and amines. PCA demonstrated clear clustering patterns among samples, indicating variations in raw materials and processing methods. These findings validate the efficacy of e-nose technology as a dependable instrument for product categorization, differentiation, and quality assurance in the food sector. The integration of sensor-based VOC detection with statistical modeling underscores the potential for real-time quality evaluation in food production settings.Item Metadata only Seismic Magnitude Prediction in Thailand Using Machine Learning(2025-01-01) Wasayangkool K.; Krutphong K.; Napasiripakorn B.; Suebyeam S.; Srisomboon K.; Lee W.; Wasayangkool K.; Mahidol UniversityEarthquake prediction plays a critical role in disaster preparedness, particularly in regions with growing infrastructure and seismic vulnerability, such as Thailand. This study presents a machine learning-based framework to predict the magnitude of earthquakes using geospatial and temporal features. A dataset of seismic events from 2010 to 2023 was compiled from public sources, covering Thailand and neighboring regions. After data cleaning and feature engineering, three regression models - Linear Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost were trained and evaluated using standard metrics: MAE, RMSE, R2, and Explained Variance Score. The results demonstrate that XGBoost significantly outperforms the other models, achieving the lowest prediction errors and highest explanatory power. Feature importance analysis confirms the influence of spatial variables such as depth and latitude over temporal features. Residual analysis further supports the reliability and stability of tree-based models, particularly in handling nonlinear relationships. This research highlights the practical applicability of machine learning for earthquake risk mitigation and provides a foundation for integrating predictive models into urban planning, early-warning systems, and disaster resilience strategies in Thailand.Item Metadata only Optical evaluation of antioxidant activity: a comparison between a spectrophotometer and a homebuilt photometer.(2025-12-18) Luengviriya P.; Kiatsommart K.; Leelakanok C.; Patumorathai S.; Sibsiri K.; Wangkham T.; Luengviriya P.; Mahidol UniversityThe antioxidant activity of an orange peel extract is determined using a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) solution. Sample absorption is measured with both a commercial spectrophotometer and a homebuilt photometer equipped with a 525-nm LED. Small, dried pieces of orange peel are extracted using 95% ethanol. Seven DPPH solutions with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mM are measured to establish calibration equations. For the spectrophotometer, absorbance exhibits a linear increase with DPPH concentration at both 517 nm (absorbance peak) and 525 nm (matching the LED in the photometer). In the homebuilt photometer, three piecewise linear fittings for concentration 0.1– 0.4 mM provide a better representation of absorption data compared to a single overall fitting across 0.1–0.4 mM. Different volumes of orange peel extract are added into the DPPH solution (0.4 mM DPPH after mixing) and stored in darkness for 30 minutes before the measurement. In both spectrophotometer and photometer analyses, antioxidant activity increases with the extract volume. Using spectrophotometer measurements as reference, the photometer with piecewise fittings produces significantly lower errors compared to those obtained with overall fitting.Item Metadata only Modification and Characterization of Waxy and Native Tapioca Starches for Stabilizing Resveratrol Pickering Emulsion(2025-12-18) Wannarat R.; Pleanklay A.; Boonsith S.; Thepwatee S.; Wannarat R.; Mahidol UniversityTapioca starch is a promising biopolymer for use as a solid particle stabilizer in Pickering emulsions. This study aimed to enhance the emulsifying performance of native (NS) and waxy (WS) tapioca starches through antisolvent precipitation followed by esterification with 3% (w/v) octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA). Structural and functional changes were characterized by SEM, XRD, DSC, FTIR, contact angle measurements, and degree of substitution analysis. The modifications transformed the starch morphology from smooth granules into rough, aggregated particles and reduced crystallinity, gelatinization enthalpy, and the intensity of characteristic functional groups. Both starch types exhibited similar structural changes; however, the modified native starch (NSp-OSA) showed higher hydrophobicity (contact angle: 103.73 ± 0.50°) than the modified waxy starch (WSp-OSA, 84.83 ± 0.60°), resulting in improved emulsion stability. Emulsion screening using jojoba oil identified optimal starch-to-oil ratios of 2.0:1.2 g/g for NSp-OSA and 1.0:1.2 g/g for WSp-OSA. These conditions were then applied for encapsulating resveratrol (RES). Due to the poor solubility of RES in oil, a ternary solvent system comprising of PEG 400, jojoba oil, and olive oil (0.1:0.5:0.5:0.5 g/g) was formulated to enhance solubility and emulsion uniformity. The NSp-OSA formulation produced more stable RES-loaded emulsions than WSp-OSA. This study demonstrates the potential of modified tapioca starches as bio-based stabilizers for emulsion-based delivery systems.Item Metadata only A Prompt-Driven Modular Framework for LLM-Based Agents in Scalable Interactive Learning Systems(2025-01-01) Li Y.; Kusakunniran W.; Wiratsudakul A.; Intagorn S.; Li Y.; Mahidol UniversityThis paper presents a prompt-driven modular architecture for integrating Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents into adaptive learning systems. The framework enables real-Time, context-Aware dialogue and feedback through natural language configuration, eliminating the need for retraining or code changes. It features a four-layer design-covering environment control, agent logic, UI/UX, and feedback-implemented in a Unity-based learning application. A case study in medical education demonstrates how structured prompt templates support agent role assignment, behavior definition, and fallback strategies. Evaluation includes prompt reusability, dynamic role switching, and LLM accuracy comparison across multiple models, which show high correctness on domain-specific tasks. The system also supports low-cost deployment, making it feasible for scalable and accessible intelligent learning environments. This work offers a generalizable and configurable agent design method, contributing to the development of LLMintegrated tutoring systems and broader applications in natural language-driven interactive learning.Item Metadata only Practical Aspects of Edge-Cloud Platform for Health and Wellbeing(2025-01-01) Borwarnginn P.; Sa-Nguansook K.; Thongpakdee N.; Lertkijroongreung N.; Kusakunniran W.; Haga J.; Borwarnginn P.; Mahidol UniversityThis paper presents the lessons learned in deploying an edge-to-cloud-based platform to support the health and well-being of the elderly. Data was collected from various sensors in different formats and converted on edge devices into suitable types for further processing. We implemented and compared multiple architectural approaches for data analysis using Amazon Web Services (AWS). The results were visualized as interactive graphs on a web browser interface, achieving an average response time of around 7 seconds. Our study highlights performance considerations, architectural choices, and practical insights, offering best practices for the efficient deployment of cloud-based services in elderly care applications.Item Metadata only TraceCraft: A Tool for ISO/IEC 29110 Traceability Management(2025-01-01) Khumto N.; Tomyim P.; Thonguran P.; Choetkiertikul M.; Ragkhitwetsagul C.; Sangaroonsilp P.; Palakvangsa-Na-Ayudhya S.; Sunetnanta T.; Khumto N.; Mahidol UniversityThe software development process produces interdependent artifacts, including requirements, designs, code components, and test cases. Traceability records link these artifacts across stages to ensure that requirements are implemented in design, realized in code, and verified through testing. Maintaining such links is essential for quality, compliance, and efficient change management, but it is often time-consuming, and many existing tools lack comprehensive traceability support tailored for small projects. We present TraceCraft, a web-based platform designed to manage traceability and change tracking in alignment with ISO/IEC 29110, a standard widely adopted in Thailand to improve the quality of software in very small entities. TraceCraft streamlines artifact linkage, supports systematic verification and validation, and provides automated change impact tracking to maintain consistency across development stages. The platform offers visual indicators and detailed reports to highlight missing links, outdated items, and dependencies requiring attention, enabling teams to address potential issues early. In a usability study with nine practitioners in Thailand, TraceCraft achieved an average System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 73.17, indicating good usability and positive feedback, particularly for reducing the effort and complexity of maintaining ISO/IEC 29110-compliant traceability. A video demonstration is available at https://bit.ly/tracecraft.Item Metadata only Guidelines for Organizations on Protecting Against Cyber Threats through the use of Virtual Private Networks (VPN)(2025-01-01) Khantamonthon N.; Patpituck P.; Chimmanee K.; Khantamonthon N.; Mahidol UniversityThe increasing use of Virtual Private Networks (VPN) among organizations and industrial facilities has effectively addressed the demand for secure and convenient access to systems and data. However, reliance on VPNs introduces significant cyber threat risks, particularly ransomware attacks, which can encrypt critical information and render it inaccessible. This research aims to develop strategies for mitigating ransomware risks within VPN environments through a mixed-methods approach. This includes analyzing four cases of ransomware attacks using the 2SMatrix and identifying preventive measures using the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, complemented by focused discussions on specific issues. The findings reveal that, despite the implementation of robust NIST-compliant protective measures, human errors remain a significant concern, leading to the incorporation of the IT governance framework (COBIT) as an additional safeguard to enhance cybersecurity protection, such as the creation of a comprehensive VPN policy and the assessment and monitoring of policy compliance with NIST security standards. The novelty of this study lies in the introduction of the 2SMatrix framework, which provides a structured and VPN-specific approach to ransomware analysis, distinguishing it from broader threat modeling tools.Item Metadata only Indoor Environment Prediction with Multiple Sensors and Generative AI via MCP Integration(2025-01-01) Surakupt K.; Akamatsu S.; Hashimoto H.; Fujimoto Y.; Kashihara S.; Visoottiviseth V.; Surakupt K.; Mahidol UniversityThis paper demonstrates an integration of Large Language Model (LLM), a powerful text-centric Generative AI (GenAI) with an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor network for advanced environmental monitoring and analysis. This paper presents a novel system architecture that integrates a multi-sensor IoT network with a Generative AI model using the Model Context Protocol (MCP) for real-time indoor environmental prediction. MCP is used to orchestrate data flow from multiple sensors such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide to GenAI for analysis and prediction of indoor air quality. The AI-driven insights are then delivered to users through a web application. The evaluation results confirmed the system's high performance, achieving an 85% average prediction accuracy across all three metrics, calculated based on whether predictions fell within predefined tolerance levels. This work establishes the practical value of MCP in a real-world application and showcases the potential of GenAI to transform multi-point sensor data into predictive insights.Item Metadata only Electrochemical Aptasensor for PD-L1 Detection in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with In Silico Approach and DNA Strand Displacement Reaction(2025-01-01) Teewiriya W.; Lertanantawong B.; Srisawat C.; Sutthibutpong T.; Teewiriya W.; Mahidol UniversityProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the protein that overexpresses in many solid tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In NSCLC treatments, the expression of PD-L1 can predict the responsiveness of patients to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Conventionally, PD-L1 is detected through immunohistochemistry, which exhibits human error limitations and various PD-L1-positive cut-off values, complicating the data interpretation and increasing the risk of misclassification among patients.Here, we developed the electrochemical aptasensor to detect the circulating form of PD-L1 in the serum of the NSCLC patients. This aptasensor combined the in silico molecular docking of aptamer to design the reporter probe used with the DNA strand displacement reaction, where one of the strands in prehybridized double-strand DNA binds to the target, causing the displacement of the other hybridized strand. Therefore, the aptamer prehybridized with the gold nanoparticle-labeled reporter probe will recognize the PD-L1 and displace the reporter probe, allowing electrochemical detection. The electrochemical signal will correlate with the quantity of PD-L1 in samples, providing a reliable approach for PD-L1 detection.Item Metadata only Rapid Genotyping of the TPMT*3C Mutation Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification and Lateral Flow Detection : A 20-Minute Isothermal Assay for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Genotyping of the TPMT*3C Mutation via Lateral Flow Readout for Thiopurine Dose Adjustment(2025-01-01) Sinweeruthai P.; Chaibun T.; Karunaithas S.; Palpai W.; Lee S.Y.; Sukasem C.; Lertanantawong B.; Sinweeruthai P.; Mahidol UniversityThis study presents the development of a rapid genotyping assay for detecting the TPMT*3C mutation, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linked to increased risk of adverse reactions to thiopurine drugs. The assay combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with lateral flow detection, producing visually interpretable results in under 20 minutes using only basic heating equipment. Compared to conventional methods such as qPCR and LC-MS, this approach eliminates the need for complex instrumentation and trained personnel. Preliminary validation with nine clinical samples demonstrated 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity. These results highlight the feasibility of rapid, accessible TPMT*3C genotyping for pharmacogenomic dose adjustment, especially where laboratory infrastructure is limited.Item Metadata only The Impact of COVID-19 and Remote Work on Software Development in Thailand(2025-01-01) Ragkhitwetsagul C.; Choetkiertikul M.; Palakvangsa-Na-Ayudhya S.; Sunetnanta T.; Satchanawakul N.; Ragkhitwetsagul C.; Mahidol UniversityThe COVID-19 pandemic impacted the way of working, including software development. During the pandemic, software companies were forced to work remotely, and many companies have been using such work arrangements. There are prior studies showing the benefits and drawbacks of remote work in software development during COVID-19. However, there is no study that targets Thailand, one of the growing software markets in Asia, specifically. This paper performs an empirical study of the effects of COVID-19 on software development in Thailand. We surveyed 194 Thai software developers regarding the challenges and benefits they faced while working remotely during the COVID-19 period. The results show no statistically significant changes in the productivity and well-being of Thai software developers before and after working remotely due to the pandemic. The results show that software developers in Thailand both received benefits and faced challenges from remote work during COVID-19, similar to results reported by other studies, but with some unique differences. This study can be beneficial to similar Asian countries or other low-and middle-income countries around the world.Item Metadata only Petrotectonics of plutonic rocks in the eastern Mae Chan area, Chiang Rai, northern Thailand(2025-12-01) Jundee P.K.; Phajuy B.; Panjasawatwong Y.; Putthapiban P.; Saraphanchotwitthaya P.; Watthanapond P.; Chandon E.; Arin P.; Jundee P.K.; Mahidol UniversityThe plutonic rocks in Doi Pha Rua and Doi Sak, the eastern part of Tha Khao Pluek Sub-District, Mae Chan District, Chiang Rai Province, exhibit compositions ranging from felsic to mafic rocks. Petrography and geochemistry are essential tools for classifying rocks into four magmatic groups. Group I is monzogranite, granodiorite, and tonalite, with titanite as a minor constituent. They are peraluminous and have medium-K transitional to high-K calc-alkaline affinities that show both I-type and S-type. Their N-MORB-normalized multi-element patterns exhibit LILE enrichment and a negative Nb anomaly, which are typical of magmas formed at active continental margins. Group II is tonalite, with titanite as a minor constituent. They are peraluminous, tholeiitic series, characteristic of I-type granite. Group II does not exhibit a negative Nb anomaly in N-MORB normalized multi-element patterns and might have occurred in a post-collision environment. Group III is cumulate gabbro and tholeiitic series. Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns show positive Eu anomalies. Group IV is microgabbro and has chondrite-normalized REE and N-MORB normalized multi-element patterns that are very similar to those of Group I. Groups I and II are informative to tectonic environments of formation, while Group III and IV are cumulative (not represent magma) and isotropic, respectively. One Group IV sample is meaningless for interpretation. The Group I is volcanic arc granite, and Group II might have been post-collision granite. The Mae Chan granitic pluton is a part of Eastern Granitic Belt (EGB) and represents magmatism along the boundary between the Sukhothai Arc and the Inthanon Zone.Item Metadata only 2024 Thai guidelines on the treatment of hypertension(2025-12-01) Kunanon S.; Kotruchin P.; Chattranukulchai P.; Chotruangnapa C.; Roubsanthisuk W.; Vathesatogkit P.; Kunavisarut T.; Silaruks S.; Tejavanija S.; Wataganara T.; Yapan P.; Suwanwela N.; Bunnag P.; Satirapoj B.; Sitthisook S.; Na Ayudhya R.K.; Sukonthasarn A.; Kunanon S.; Mahidol UniversityThe committee of the 2024 Thai Guidelines on the Treatment of Hypertension has reviewed new developments in the body of knowledge, combined with expertise in real-life clinical practice and evidence collected from clinical studies worldwide. The Guidelines consist of newly highlighted key topics to be up to date and suitable for the country’s context. We still maintained the current office blood pressure (BP) cut-point of 140/90 mmHg for hypertension diagnosis. The new BP category, “BP at risk,” i.e., BP of 130–139/80–89 mmHg, was introduced. The out-of-office BP measurements, including home BP monitoring (HBPM) or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), are also advocated to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension. Target BP levels depend on the age of the patients i.e., 120–130/70–79 mmHg for patients age 18–65 years, 130–139/70–79 mmHg for patients over 65 years of age. There are 5 main groups of antihypertensive medication, that is, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and diuretics (thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics such as chlorthalidone and indapamide). Two types of medications should be started for most patients, except for frail elderly patients, patients with relatively low initial BP (140–149/90–99 mmHg), and low-risk patients; only 1 type of starting medication should be selected. Medication that is a combination of 2 types in 1 pill should be selected. Patient empowerment can be useful in sharing decisions in goal setting, provision of feedback channels, self-monitoring, education, and motivation, which the use of telemedicine and mobile health technologies can assist.Item Metadata only Enhanced Sliding Discrete Fourier Transform (eSDFT) With Error-Bound Control for Real-Time Parallel Processing(2025-01-01) Arnin J.; Kahani D.; Conway B.A.; Arnin J.; Mahidol UniversityThis study presents the enhanced Sliding Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), a novel method for real-time frequency analysis optimized for multi-core platforms. Traditional SDFT approaches suffer from error accumulation and inefficiencies in parallel processing. The proposed eSDFT introduces a boundederror recursive formulation with m-sample shift updates, enabling efficient, scalable computation across CPU cores. A parallel update strategy ensures low-latency processing without compromising spectral accuracy. Complexity analysis reveals a significant reduction in operations per sample, while experiments on synthetic and real signals demonstrate that eSDFT achieves a speedup of up to 4 times compared to FFTW for N=8192, with negligible degradation in accuracy. The method is well-suited for high-throughput applications such as biomedical signal processing and vibration monitoring, offering both robustness and performance in constrained environments.Item Metadata only Indicator guidelines for the Green Office Standards (GOS) of Thailand(2025-10-01) Aroonsrimorakot S.; Laiphrakpam M.; Aroonsrimorakot S.; Mahidol UniversityThe objective of this research article is to promote the establishment and certification of the Green Office Standards (GOS) in Thailand by providing its indicator-guidelines, categorized into six groups having specific aims in the work procedure, including (1) Preparation of policies, planning work procedures, and perpetual improvement; (2) Awareness creation through communication; (3) Consumption of energy and other resources; (4) Management of generated waste in the office; (5) Safeguard of the office environment; and (6) Selection of eco-friendly products in office procurement. This research used Ethnographic Delphi Future Research method, where the researchers selected 17 members as a panelist of an expert group to consider their opinion and advice. GOS is important as it aims to minimize resource usage in the daily work operation, to reduce CO2 emission from offices’ work procedure that produces an impact on the environment. The result of the research led to the creation of GOS indicator guidelines, to help offices that have aspirations to become certified holders of GOS certificates, and finally concluded that the formulation of indicator guidelines of the GOS was successful in awarding the GOS to organizations in Thailand that participated and followed the norms according to the indicator guidelines prepared by the GOS Management of Thailand. Following these six groups of indicator guidelines will help to create an eco-friendly green sustainable environment for the future world too. © 2025 Kasetsart University.Item Metadata only MFAN: Multi-scale Feature Aggregation Network for Brain MRI Image Super-Resolution(2025-01-01) Muhammad A.; Aramvith S.; Achakulvisut T.; Muhammad A.; Mahidol UniversityMagnetic resonance imaging provides detailed visualization of healthy and abnormal tissues, making it an essential tool for accurate diagnosis. Recent advancements in MRI Image super-resolution networks have shown promising potential. However, the effective aggregation of multi-scale textural details and high-frequency information, which is critical to achieving accurate reconstruction and subsequent clinical applications, remains a significant challenge. To address this limitation, we propose a Multi-scale Feature Aggregation Network (MFAN) for brain MRI image super-resolution. To ensure the selection of the most informative feature channels and spatially significant regions, the proposed network incorporates Channel and Spatial Attention (CSA) mechanisms for shallow feature extraction. In addition, we introduce a Multi-scale Feature Aggregation Attention Block (MFAAB), which extracts and fuses diverse features from multiple pathways, thereby enabling more accurate MRI reconstruction and enhancing the reliability of clinical diagnoses. Experimental results demonstrate that MFAN surpasses state-of-the-art methods on the BraTS 2018 and Brain Tumor datasets. Specifically, on the BraTS 2018 dataset, our model achieves PSNR improvements of 1.054 dB and 0.609 dB and SSIM gains of 0.0128 and 0.0059 at ×2 and ×4 magnifications, respectively.Clinical relevance - The proposed MFAN offers a substantial advancement in brain MRI image super-resolution, positioned to address critical challenges in clinical neuroimaging. Accurate reconstruction of high-resolution images is vital for the reliable detection and diagnosis. By effectively aggregating multiscale textural information and enhancing structural details, MFAN improves diagnostic precision while reducing reliance on repeated scans or high-field MRI systems.