Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF EYE LENS DOSE AND SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS FOR RADIATION WORKERS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE(2025-12-01) Morhrasi P.; Jumpee C.; Pungkun V.; Dachiviriyakij T.; Phruksarojanakun P.; Sudchai W.; Charoenphun P.; Chuamsaamarkkee K.; Morhrasi P.; Mahidol UniversityThe aim of this work was to estimate the eye lens dose equivalent at a depth of 3 mm and to evaluate the effectiveness of shielding for radiation workers in nuclear medicine using Monte Carlo simulation with the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code, version 5. Published air kerma rate constants were used to validate the simulation code for commonly used radionuclides in nuclear medicine, including18F,99mTc, and131I. Eye lens dose rates with commercially available syringe shields and vial shields were simulated using the Monte Carlo N-Particle code with the Posture, Individual, and Medical Application Laboratory phantom. Shielded and unshielded eye lens dose rates based on commercially available source data were simulated for common radionuclides at various distances. The maximum number of procedures was also estimated based on the eye lens dose limit recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection publication 118. The simulated dose rates may be used to evaluate radiation safety considerations for workers in nuclear medicine. Appropriate shielding and eye lens monitoring are particularly recommended for positron-emitting18F and high-activity131I procedures.Item Metadata only ABDOMINAL DRAWING-IN MANEUVER WITH VISUAL BIOFEEDBACK ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY INYOUNG ADULTS(2025-12-31) Kantha P.; Sakulsriprasert P.; Wattananon P.; Kantha P.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) is a core stability exercise; however, controlling muscle activity of transversus abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO) is difficult. Real-time visual biofeedback (RVBF) is promising as an effective method for practice. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ADIM with RVBF on muscle activity. Methods: Twelve young adults were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography was attached to the following muscles: 1) TrA/IO, 2) lumbar multifidus (LM), 3) lumbar erector spinae (LES), 4) gluteus medius (GMed), and 5) gluteus maximus (GMax) during with and without ADIM reported as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The RVBF was used to provide feedback to participants during ADIM in both standing and lunge positions. Results: ADIM with 24.92% MVIC of TrA/IO can increase LM, LES, and GMed significantly in standing and GMax in the lunge position. Conclusions: ADIM with RVBF enhanced the improvement of back and hip muscle activity. Therefore, its use is recommended when performing exercises in the standing and lunge positions.Item Metadata only Automated Computed Tomography Segmentation of the Pharyngeal Airway and Palate to Accelerate Tübingen Palatal Plate Fabrication in Pierre Robin Sequence(2025-12-10) Yodrabum N.; Vongviriyangkoon T.; Apichonbancha S.; Kuskunniran W.; Leeraha C.; Siriapisith T.; Tantipanichkul K.o.; Vathanophas V.; Chaisrisawadisuk S.; Yodrabum N.; Mahidol UniversityInfants with Pierre Robin sequence frequently develop upper airway obstruction due to micrognathia and glossoptosis. The Tübingen palatal plate repositions the tongue base anteriorly to improve airway patency; however, conventional fabrication requires serial intraoral impressions and repeated nasoendoscopy, which prolongs airway compromise. Computed tomography (CT) enables single-session virtual spur design, yet manual pharyngeal airway and hard palate segmentation is labor-intensive, delaying treatment. The authors evaluated convolutional neural network–based automated segmentation to accelerate CT-guided Tübingen palatal plate fabrication using 74 low-dose head-and-neck CT scans (50 pre-contrast, 24 phonation) annotated retrospectively by 3 raters. Two-dimensional and 3-dimensional U-net models were trained with 5-fold cross-validation; ablation experiments compared cropping versus resizing; sagittal, coronal, versus axial planes; multiclass versus one-versus-rest strategies; and batch splitting. Primary outcome: dice similarity coefficient (DSC); secondary outcomes: inference time and contouring time saved. The 2-dimensional U-net achieved the best accuracy-efficiency balance, with mean DSC 0.8835 (palate 0.8741; airway 0.8928). Cropping improved sagittal DSC from 0.8584 to 0.8690. Multiclass and one-versus-rest DSC were comparable; semi-supervised pretraining conferred minimal benefit. Inference required <60 seconds on a single graphics processing unit, reducing manual contouring by approximately 25 minutes per patient and enabling same-day computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing printing. Automated CT segmentation eliminates a major clinical bottleneck, supporting faster, safer, and more personalized airway management for Pierre Robin sequence infants, and warrants prospective validation.Item Metadata only Sow posture detection for determining piglet crushing through a camera system(2025-01-01) Thongsrimoung K.; Kusakunniran W.; Wisetpaitoon K.; Thongkanchorn K.; Yano T.; Thanapongtharm W.; Boonyo K.; Thongsrimoung K.; Mahidol UniversityPiglet crushing by sows is a leading cause of pre-weaning mortality on commercial pig farms. While improved management can mitigate this, resource limitations often hinder timely intervention. This article proposes an automated warning system that analyzes sow posture from surveillance footage in real-time to predict and prevent crushing events. We developed a posture detection model using You Only Look Once (YOLO)v8, trained on 422 real-world instances, which achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP@50) of 0.976. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in the frequency of sow postural changes on the day of a crushing event (8.23) and the day prior (7.49), compared to non-crushing days (5.52). Leveraging this insight, we designed a warning system using a threshold-based voting algorithm that analyzes posture changes over a 60-min window. The system's performance was evaluated at two levels. For instance-based warnings (on a 60-min basis), it achieved a sensitivity of 62.50% and a specificity of 60.25%. When aggregated to a daily basis, the performance improved to a sensitivity of 71.42% and a specificity of 84.61%, respectively. Our results indicate that sow postural change frequency is a promising indicator for developing early warning systems, empowering farmers to take preventative action and reduce piglet losses.Item Metadata only AI Literacy in Code: Identifying and Explaining ChatGPT-Generated Programs in Educational Settings(2025-01-01) Racharak T.; Boongaree N.; Ragkhitwetsagul C.; Sriwilailak C.; Saeheng P.; Chuangsuwanich E.; Racharak T.; Mahidol UniversityThe growing use of Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) or large language models (LLMs) in programming education has raised concerns about academic dishonesty and the trustworthiness of student submissions. To support educators in evaluating programming skills, it is crucial to identify whether code is written by students or generated by models like ChatGPT. This chapter introduces a framework consisting of two key components: (1) a supervised learning-based detector that distinguishes between human-written and ChatGPT-generated code, and (2) a novel post-hoc explanation mechanism that leverages GPT models to produce humanreadable justifications for each classification. By combining accurate detection with interpretable explanations, the framework enhances assessment transparency, fosters educator trust, and supports academic integrity in AI-assisted learning environments.Item Metadata only A Descriptive Study of Lay Christian Development Projects in Chanthaburi Diocese, Thailand: A Christian Lay-Role-Based Categorization(2025-01-01) Chinnawong A.; Chinnawong A.; Mahidol UniversityThe Chanthaburi Diocese, one of the nine dioceses and the largest in the provincial areas in Thailand, prioritizes the development of lay Catholic Christians, with its Pastoral Plans (2016–2020 and 2021–2030) setting goals for formation through training, practice, and appropriate responsibility. Despite this long-term commitment, no formal research has assessed the progress of these efforts. This study provides a preliminary descriptive analysis of 279 lay development projects implemented between 2022 and 2024 across four departments: Desk for the Laity, Desk for the Family, Desk for the Youth, and Desk of Pastoral Ministry for the Deaf. Using a framework based on threefold lay roles (priestly, prophetic, and kingly), the study categorizes projects through document analysis and in-depth interviews with eight departmental coordinators. Given the limited detail in written reports, interviews were critical in classifying projects according to their primary role focus. Findings show a clear emphasis on the priestly role (152 projects), particularly in the Desks for Youth (seventy-nine) and the Desks for Family (thirty-six). Desk for the Laity contributed across all three roles, while Desk of Pastoral Ministry for the Deaf began contributing in 2024. Prophetic projects totaled thirty-five, while kingly role initiatives were least represented (twelve), indicating limited focus on lay leadership in societal transformation. Overall, current practices reflect strong progress in spiritual formation, and a need for further development to meet the Second Vatican Council’s broader vision for lay engagement in Church and society. To fully realize the lay vocation, future strategies must foster a more balanced development of all three roles: priestly, prophetic, and kingly.Item Metadata only Hemodynamic outcomes in patients undergoing bidirectional cavopulmonary connection with additional or antegrade pulmonary blood flow: a single-centre retrospective study(2025-10-06) Puthikitakawiwong K.; Vijarnsorn C.; Tocharoenchok T.; Chanthong P.; Durongpisitkul K.; Chungsomprasong P.; Kanjanauthai S.; Thammasate P.; Pacharapakornpong T.; Soongswang J.; Tantiwongkosri K.; Nitiyarom E.; Subtaweesin T.; Puthikitakawiwong K.; Mahidol UniversityBackground. The bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BCPC) is a pivotal stage in the surgical palliation of single-ventricle patients. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the benefits and drawbacks of BCPC with additional or antegrade pulmonary blood flow (AAPBF) in optimizing the subsequent stage—total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Objective. To determine the influence of BCPC with AAPBF on pulmonary artery growth and hemodynamic outcomes. Methods. A retrospective review was conducted of 167 single-ventricle patients who underwent BCPC at Siriraj Hospital between 2006 and 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups based on AAPBF status: group 1 (with AAPBF, n = 44) and group 2 (without AAPBF, n = 123). Variables from pre-BCPC and pre-TCPC cardiac catheterization—including pulmonary artery growth, McGoon ratio, Nakata index, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), ventricular end-diastolic pressure (EDP), and indexed pulmonary vascular resistance (PVRi)—were compared between groups. Pulmonary artery branch z-scores were analyzed and adjusted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Survival rate, all-cause mortality, and incidence of atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) and pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) were also assessed. Results. Median ages at pre-BCPC assessment were 1.06 years (group 1) and 2.17 years (group 2), and at pre-TCPC assessment were 6.19 and 7.27 years, respectively. Median age at BCPC operation was similar between groups (1.58 vs. 1.51 years). Over a median follow-up of 64.33 months, group 1 showed significantly greater increases in right and left pulmonary artery size compared to group 2 (RPA: 3.27 vs. 1.6 mm (p = 0.019); LPA: 2.38 vs. 0.88 mm (p = 0.004)). The Nakata index increased in group 1 but decreased in group 2 (26.70 vs. –84.67 mm2/m2, p < 0.001). Z-scores confirmed significant growth in both pulmonary arteries when adjusted for body surface area (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in pre-BCPC mPAP (16 vs. 15 mmHg, p = 0.38), EDP (12 vs. 12 mmHg, p = 0.584), or PVRi (1.77 vs. 2.03 WU m2, p = 0.890). Survival rates did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.350). Conclusions. BCPC with AAPBF effectively promotes pulmonary artery growth without adversely affecting ventricular volume loading or pulmonary artery pressure. Further investigation into the development of arteriovenous malformations is recommended.Item Metadata only FEW-VIEW X-RAY CT SEGMENTATION OF THIN TUBULAR STRUCTURES(2025-01-01) Fitriyah H.; Muneesawang P.; Lee I.; Fitriyah H.; Mahidol UniversityX-ray CT scanning is both time-consuming and radiation-intensive due to the large number of projections needed to produce high-quality images. Reducing the number of projections can accelerate acquisition and reduce radiation exposure, but often leads to degraded image quality, making the segmentation of fine-grained structures particularly challenging. To address this few-view imaging challenge, this study proposed a modified 3D U-Net model for segmenting thin tubular structures, with scalability that ensures high accuracy even with reduced input quality. The proposed model integrates residual blocks, squeeze-and-excitation (SE) blocks, and dilated convolutions to enlarge the receptive field and emphasise important channels, without significantly increasing the number of learnable parameters. Training was performed on few-view CT reconstructions generated from images with a dense projection. Experiments conducted in plant root and lung vessel datasets demonstrate that certain enhancements improved segmentation accuracy under severe sparsity.Item Metadata only Correction: High-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs identifies colchicine as a potential therapeutic agent for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs)(2025-01-01) Kanjanasirirat P.; Jearawuttanakul K.; Seemakhan S.; Borwornpinyo S.; Wongtrakoongate P.; Hongeng S.; Charoensutthivarakul S.; Kanjanasirirat P.; Mahidol UniversityCorrection: High-throughput screening of FDAapproved drugs identifies colchicine as a potential therapeutic agent for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) Phongthon Kanjanasirirat,abc Kedchin Jearawuttanakul,c Sawinee Seemakhan,c Suparerk Borwornpinyo,cd Patompon Wongtrakoongate,ef Suradej Hongengcg and Sitthivut Charoensutthivarakul*acf Correction for ‘High-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs identifies colchicine as a potential therapeutic agent for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs)’ by Phongthon Kanjanasirirat et al., RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 12331–12341, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01341K. The authors regret the omission of Tanawadee Khumpanied from the Acknowledgements. The correct Acknowledgements are as shown here. This research was partially supported by the Ramathibodi Foundation and Thailand Center of Excellence for Life Sciences (TCELS), and also by the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University via the Reinventing University Project. The authors would like to thank Dr Witchuda Saengsawang, Dr Jiraporn Panmanee and Dr Sujira Mukda for discussions and Ms Tanawadee Khumpanied for preliminary data collection. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.Item Metadata only Multifunctional DIPAI Surface Passivation: Enhancing Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Across Lighting Conditions(2025-08-11) Usulor C.E.; Passatorntaschakorn W.; Khampa W.; Musikpan W.; Tipparak P.; Singh S.; Ogbuagu I.C.; Seriwattanachai C.; Nakajima H.; Ngamjarurojana A.; Gardchareon A.; Kanjanaboos P.; Ruankham P.; Wongratanaphisan D.; Usulor C.E.; Mahidol UniversityDefect-mediated recombination remains a critical bottleneck for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), limiting both the efficiency and operational stability. Passivating these defects to suppress recombination is a crucial strategy for improving the performance of PSCs. Here, di-isopropylammonium iodide (DIPAI) was introduced as a multifunctional surface ligand that not only passivated defects and stabilized the perovskite phase but also fine-tuned energy-level alignment, facilitating efficient carrier transfer between the perovskite layer and the charge transport layers. The amino groups in DIPAI coordinate with uncoordinated Pb2+ ions and organic cations, promoting secondary grain growth and suppressing nonradiative. As a result, DIPAI-treated PSCs show a significant PCE enhancement of 8.3%, from 13.35 to 14.46% under one-sun illumination, and a notable improvement in indoor performance from 28.25 to 29.65% under 1000 lx LED lighting, placing them among the top-performance mixed halide perovskite devices reported. Furthermore, the devices demonstrate excellent stability, maintaining 94% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h under humid conditions (30–35%RH). This work introduces a robust and scalable surface engineering strategy for defect suppression and stability enhancement, advancing the practical deployment of PSCs in both indoor and outdoor lighting environments.Item Metadata only Components and Indicators of the Cyber Wellness Measurement Scale for Thai Citizens(2025-01-01) Srikaew D.; Supaluk S.; Nittayathammakul V.; Lertyosbordin C.; Srikaew D.; Mahidol UniversityThe rapid advancement of digital technologies has transformed daily life, creating both opportunities and challenges related to online safety, ethics, and mental well-being. This study aimed to develop and validate the Cyber Wellness Measurement Scale (CWMS) as a reliable and culturally relevant instrument for assessing the digital wellbeing of Thai citizens. The research employed a mixed-methods design consisting of three phases. In Phase 1, documentary analysis and expert focus group discussions involving 19 experts from six professional domains were conducted to define and refine the components and indicators of cyber wellness appropriate to the Thai context. In Phase 2, an initial 169-item scale was developed and evaluated by nine experts using the Index of Item-Objective Congruence, resulting in a refined 151-item version. In Phase 3, data were collected from 1,460 participants across six regions of Thailand, representing three major age groups - children and adolescents (10-15 years), working-age adults (16-59 years), and older adults (60 years and above). The findings revealed that cyber wellness comprises seven components and twenty-seven indicators, namely 1) digital use, 2) digital literacy, 3) digital communication and collaboration, 4) digital rights, 5) cybersecurity and safety, 6) cyberbullying, and 7) digital relationships. The final 103-item CWMS demonstrated strong validity and high internal reliability, confirming its effectiveness as a multidimensional measure of digital wellbeing. The CWMS can serve as a national benchmark tool for assessing digital wellness and as an evidence-based framework for policymakers and educators to promote responsible, ethical, and sustainable digital citizenship in Thailand.Item Metadata only Structural and Component Alterations in Intertrochanteric Crests of Femur in Induced Short- and Long- Term Diabetes(2025-12-01) Pianrumluk S.; Lanlua P.; Niyomchan A.; Plaengrit K.; Baimai S.; Sricharoenvej S.; Pianrumluk S.; Mahidol UniversityIndividuals with type I diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of proximal femoral fracture. Moreover, low bone mineral density (BMD), altered serum levels of biomarkers of bone turnover and altered bone morphometry parameters, which affect bone strength, are observed in individuals with diabetes. Thus, this study aimed to compare the components of the intertrochanteric crest of the femur in terms of morphology, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), BMD, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and separation (Tb.Sp) by using microcomputed tomography, histomorphology, the determination of cell numbers, and the quantification of empty lacunae and collagen fibres via light microscopy in rats with both short- and long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes. During both the early and late stages of diabetes, reductions in the femoral BV/TV, BMD, and Tb.Th values and an increase in the Tb.Sp value were observed; moreover, the numbers of osteoblasts and osteocytes decreased, but the numbers of empty lacunae and osteoclasts increased. Additionally, disorganized collagen fibres with lower density were observed in the two diabetes groups. The severity of these changes was more pronounced in the long-term diabetes model, along with thickening of blood vessels and an increased bone marrow adipocyte tissue. All of these changes lead to a decrease in bone quality and fragility, which might be related to an increased risk of femoral fractures in the diabetes groups. Thus, the current understanding of the bone damage that occurs during the development of diabetes might warrant careful consideration of bone strength during the early stages of the disease.Item Metadata only An LLM-Powered Virtual Assistant for Authoring Competency-Based Learning Objectives in Basic Education: A Proof-of-Concept Study(2025-01-01) Lertyosbordin C.; Aphisinrungrot P.; Boonyuen P.; Nittayathammakul V.; Lertyosbordin C.; Mahidol UniversityThailand's ongoing shift toward Competency-Based Education (CBE) has emphasized the need for practical tools that help teachers translate national policy into classroom practice. However, many educators still face difficulties in developing curriculum-aligned, competency-based learning objectives (CBLOs) due to limited time, training, and pedagogical support. This study addresses that gap by designing and evaluating a proof-of-concept virtual authoring assistant powered by a large language model (LLM). The system was developed using a Rapid Application Development (RAD) framework and fine-tuned using curriculum-derived custom knowledge to align with Thailand's Basic Education Core Curriculum B.E. 2551 (A.D. 2008) across cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. A Design and Development Research (DDR) Type I approach guided three phases: system prototyping, expert quality evaluation, and usability testing with in-service teachers. Results revealed a Very Good quality rating from experts (M = 4.85/5.00) and a Good usability score (SUS = 81.2), confirming both pedagogical soundness and practical feasibility. The study demonstrates that an LLM-powered virtual assistant can effectively support teachers in creating high-quality CBLOs while reducing cognitive and temporal workload. This work contributes a model with strong potential for scaling AI-supported competency-based curriculum design, bridging the gap between educational policy and classroom implementation.Item Metadata only Energy-Saving Perovskite Solar Cell Production via Microwave Annealing Process with Carbon-Based Additives(2025-12-08) Sukwiboon T.; Hormkajai W.; Seriwattanachai C.; Srathongsian L.; Phiriyasas V.; Phuphathanaphong N.; Choodam K.; Kanlayapattamapong T.; Ruankham P.; Nganglumpoon R.; Watmanee S.; Panpranot J.; Kanjanaboos P.; Sukwiboon T.; Mahidol UniversityAs perovskite solar cell (PSC) development edges closer to the manufacturing stage, energy required in the fabrication process is crucial both economically and environmentally. Traditionally, the perovskite absorber layer requires heat conduction (hot plate annealing) to facilitate solvent evaporation and promote the formation of compact crystalline structures. Via radiation heating, microwave annealing is a much faster and energy-frugal solution with a scalability potential. As carbon-based materials are known to be microwave receivers and trap passivators, in this work, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are utilized synergistically with the microwave annealing process to create high-quality and low-defect perovskite films while demanding 40% less energy input compared to the microwave process without GQDs. The developed low-cost carbon-based solar devices, with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 32.9% under 1000 lx, were demonstrated as an Internet of Things (IoTs) power source, which can simultaneously power humidity and temperature sensors even under dim light at 50 lx.Item Metadata only “Thaifying” Kodály: Developing an Applied Prototype Pedagogical Method for 7th-Grade Students in Thailand(2025-01-01) Jumneanpan W.; Pidokrajt N.; Jumneanpan W.; Mahidol UniversityThis study focused on creating an applied prototype of a Kodály-based pedagogical method for 7th-grade students in the Thai education system and on evaluating its implementation in a school in Central Thailand. The research objectives were: 1) to develop Kodály-based lessons to improve students’ musicianship skills; 2) to analyse the learning process of students taught with this approach; 3) to gather students’ views on the method; and 4) to obtain feedback from music educators, academics, and experts on its applicability. The sample comprised 18 students and 15 respondents from the music education community. The findings showed clear improvement in musicianship skills, and students reported increased confidence and engagement, suggesting that Kodály-based instruction can help make complex concepts more accessible. Feedback from the specialist group affirmed the method’s suitability for strengthening foundational skills and its adaptability within Thai educational settings. The applied prototype incorporates culturally grounded components, including a Thai song composed for this research, the use of Thai solfège, and the Thai quarter rest (yood). The study demonstrates how Kodály’s pedagogical principles may be reinterpreted through context-specific modifications and provides a model for culturally responsive music education.Item Metadata only Glucose Concentrations in Coconut Water via Microplate Spectrometry and Digital Image Colorimetry(2025-09-09) Yimkosol W.; Dangkulwanich M.; Yimkosol W.; Mahidol UniversityComparison of analytical methods is an essential skill for undergraduate students in chemistry and related sciences. This work describes a colorimetric assay for glucose quantification using the glucose oxidase/peroxidase assay with o-dianisidine. Students also studied the specificity of this assay against fructose and applied it to determine glucose concentrations in an actual coconut water sample. Results were obtained using both standard microplate spectrophotometry (MPS) and digital image colorimetry (DIC) approaches. Both methods are high-throughput, requiring small amounts of reagents and data collection time; therefore, three replicates of experiments were possible in one 4 h laboratory session. The green of the RGB channels yields the highest sensitivity, as expected from a maximum wavelength of absorption of the produced chromophore of 540 nm, corresponding to the green region of light. Analysis of students’ results shows that the linear quantifiable range obtained by most groups is 6–100 μg/mL of glucose for the MPS and 7–100 μg/mL for the DIC. Notably, fructose did not produce a detectable colored product under the same assay conditions, highlighting the selectivity of the assay. The paired samples t-test showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between glucose concentrations determined by the MPS and DIC methods across all samples, suggesting that the DIC method is a viable and accessible alternative for undergraduate teaching laboratories. This experiment provides an engaging quantitative learning experience of fundamental analytical chemistry concepts, including spectrophotometry, calibration curves, and statistical data analysis with an actual and relevant sample, while exploring practical applications in food and biochemistry.Item Metadata only The Efficacy of Calendula Officinalis Extract on the Mortality of Demodex Folliculorum(2025-10-01) Rokaya N.; Chaichalotornkul S.; Saiwichai T.; Rokaya N.; Mahidol UniversityBackground Calendula officinalis is believed to exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, it was evaluated for Demodex folliculorum mite which is associated with several dermatosis. Many available treatments have some demerits and there is growing demand for alternative therapies. Till now there is no in-vitro experiment of Calendula on mite. This investigational study aimed to highlights the effect of Calendula on Demodex. Objective To study the efficacy of Calendula officinalis flower extract on the mortality of Demodex folliculorum in-vitro. Method Demodex mites were collected from 44 healthy participants (alive mites reported in 40 participants) having oily complexion and demodicosis-affected skin using skin scraping, squeezing, and SSSB. Various concentration of Calendula extract, 1% ivermectin, coconut oil and immersion oil were then applied to Demodex. Each chemical was randomly introduced to ten mites. Under microscopic observation, complete immobility following needle stimulation indicated mortality. Groups were compared on survival time (ST) from chemical exposure to full immobility. The experiment was repeated three times to ensure accuracy and a reliable comparison of chemical’s effect on mite survival. Result In the in-vitro investigation, the flower extract of Calendula officinalis had no direct parasiticidal effect on the Demodex even at concentration 100% w/v. Thus, it was inferior to ivermectin in mite eradication. Coconut oil also demonstrated similar effect. The efficacy of acaricidal agents against Demodex is ranked as follows: ivermectin 1% > Calendula officinalis = coconut oil = immersion oil. Conclusion This experimental study demonstrated that Calendula officinalis flower extract lacks significant acaricidal effects on Demodex folliculorum. Hence, Calendula extract cannot be utilized as a direct anti-Demodex agent in demodicosis. Nevertheless, anti-inflammatory properties of Calendula from previous studies might control inflammation a primary factor disrupting skin homeostasis. Hence, Calendula may serve as a supportive therapy in maintaining parasitostasis on skin, without eliminating Demodex.Item Metadata only Natural Language Explanation in Code Clone Detection using LLM-based Post Hoc Explainer(2025-01-01) Racharak T.; Ragkhitwetsagul C.; Junplong C.; Supratak A.; Racharak T.; Mahidol UniversityRecent studies highlight various machine learning (ML)-based techniques for code clone detection, which can be integrated into developer tools such as static code analysis. With the advancements brought by ML in code understanding, MLbased code clone detectors could accurately identify and classify cloned pairs, especially semantic clones, but often operate as black boxes, providing little insight into the decision-making process. Post hoc explainers, on the other hand, aim to interpret and explain the predictions of these ML models after they are made, offering a way to understand the underlying mechanisms driving the model's decisions. However, current post hoc techniques require white-box access to the ML model or are computationally expensive, indicating a need for advanced post hoc explainers. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that leverages the in-context learning capabilities of large language models to elucidate the predictions made by the ML-based code clone detectors. We perform a study using ChatGPT-4 to explain the code clone results inferred by GraphCodeBERT. We found that our approach is promising as a post hoc explainer by giving the correct explanations up to 98% and offering good explanations 95% of the time. Yet, the explanations and the code line examples given by the LLM are useful in some cases. We also found that lowering the temperature to zero helps increase the accuracy of the explanation. Lastly, we list the insights that can lead to further improvements in future work. This study paves the way for future studies in utilizing LLMs as a post hoc explainer for various software engineering tasks.Item Metadata only Evaluating DeepSeek for Automated Screening of Chinese Educational Literature: A Reliability-Centered Study of a Domestic LLM in a High-Ambiguity Domain(2025-01-01) Yang W.Z.; Yang Y.H.; Precharattana M.; Yang W.Z.; Mahidol UniversityThe automation of literature screening using large language models (LLMs) has advanced within English biomedical contexts, yet the performance of domestically developed LLMs in non-English, non-medical domains remains underexplored. This study evaluates DeepSeek - a leading Chinese-developed LLM - for screening Chinese educational literature, a domain characterized by theoretical nuance and cultural-linguistic specificity. Using a corpus of 177 Chinese abstracts on K-12 programming education, we assessed DeepSeek under six configurations from three prompting strategies (zero-shot, few-shot, full-shot) and two operational modes (R1: high-throughput; V3: semantic-depth). Screening reliability was measured via repeated-measures consistency using weighted Kappa, observed agreement, serious error rate (SER), and Uncertain-class stability. Results showed substantial performance variability (weighted Kappa: 0.36-0.70). The few-shot prompting with R1 mode achieved the highest consistency (κ_w = 0.70) but a high SER (0.14), dominated by exclusion errors. In contrast, few-shot with V3 mode minimized SER (0.06) via conservative reclassification to "uncertain."Few-shot prompting reduced SER by 47% versus full-shot and improved consistency by 25% over zero-shot. While no significant differences emerged between R1 and V3 modes, descriptive trends favored R1 for throughput and V3 for error reduction. This study confirms DeepSeek's viability for Chinese educational literature screening, achieving reliability comparable to Western medical LLMs under optimized setups, though error profiles diverge markedly, underscoring the need for domain-specific evaluation frameworks. These findings offer practical guidance for configuring domestic LLMs and introduce a reliability-centered methodology suitable for low-resource, high-ambiguity domains.Item Metadata only AILinkPreviewer: Enhancing Code Reviews with LLM-Powered Link Previews(2025-01-01) Trakoolgerntong P.; Xiao T.; Kondo M.; Ragkhitwetsagul C.; Choetkiertikul M.; Sangaroonsilp P.; Kamei Y.; Trakoolgerntong P.; Mahidol UniversityCode review is a key practice in software engineering, where developers evaluate code changes to ensure quality and maintainability. Links to issues and external resources are often included in Pull Requests (PRs) to provide additional context, yet they are typically discarded in automated tasks such as PR summarization and code review comment generation. This limits the richness of information available to reviewers and increases cognitive load by forcing context-switching. To address this gap, we present AILINKPREVIEWER, a tool that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate previews of links in PRs using PR metadata, including titles, descriptions, comments, and link body content. We analyzed 50 engineered GitHub repositories and compared three approaches: Contextual LLM summaries, Non-Contextual LLM summaries, and Metadata-based previews. The results in metrics such as BLEU, BERTScore, and compression ratio show that contextual summaries consistently outperform other methods. However, in a user study with seven participants, most preferred non-contextual summaries, suggesting a trade-off between metric performance and perceived usability. These findings demonstrate the potential of LLM-powered link previews to enhance code review efficiency and to provide richer context for developers and automation in software engineering. The video demo is available at https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=h2qH4RtrB3E, and the tool and its source code can be found at https://github.com/c4rtune/AILinkPreviewer.