Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only From Cadaveric Dissection to Artificial Intelligence: A Chronological Review of Advances in Anatomy Education(2025-12-02) Durongphan A.; Durongphan A.; Mahidol UniversityCadaveric dissection has traditionally been the cornerstone of anatomy education. However, in recent decades, its role has come under increasing scrutiny. Comprehensive historical analyses explaining this shift remain limited. This chronologically structured review traces the evolution of anatomy teaching from its origins with Herophilus in the 3rd century BC to the advent of contemporary digital and artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced approaches. Key milestones include the 1910 Flexner Report, which emphasized integrated biomedical sciences, widespread curricular reforms, increased reliance on prosection, the rise of minimally invasive surgery, and the incorporation of cadaveric simulation in postgraduate training. Advances in imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), alongside innovations in three-dimensional (3D) printing, digital dissection platforms, and virtual or augmented reality (VR/AR), have significantly reshaped anatomy instruction. Internet-based learning and mobile technologies have further transformed self-directed study through accessible, interactive resources. Most recently, AI has introduced capabilities such as personalized tutoring, performance prediction, automated assessment, and intraoperative anatomical guidance. This review highlights the value of a blended approach that integrates cadaveric experience with technological innovations. Future curricula should prioritize optimizing the sequence and combination of these modalities while ensuring equitable access and preparing students for real-world clinical challenges.Item Metadata only Quality assessment of ultra low dose-low dose orthopantomograms reconstructed from CBCT for orthodontic purposes(2025-01-01) van Bunningen R.H.; Dijkstra P.U.; Dieters A.J.A.; van der Stelt P.; van der Meer W.J.; Kuijpers-Jagtman A.M.; van Bunningen R.H.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: This study aimed to analyze the image quality of standard dose orthopantomograms (sd-PAN), extracted PAN from standard dose cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT [extr-PAN]), and from reduced-dose ultra low dose-low dose CBCT (rd-PAN). Methods: Image pairs, sd-CBCT and sd-PAN, of patients were selected if taken within 6 months of each other. From the sd-CBCT, an extr-PAN was extracted, and a simulated rd-PAN (sim rd-PAN) was constructed using a filtering technique. Three experienced orthodontists assessed image quality by means of 9 yes-and-no statements. For subjective statements (1-5), observers’ opinions of technical acceptability and visibility of anatomic structures, observers indicated their disagreement or agreement. For objective statements (6-9), regarding comparability to a gold standard, observers indicated the presence of dental structures. Positive response rates were calculated for the subjective statements. Agreement rates with the gold standard were calculated for the objective statements. Thresholds for acceptable image quality were if ≥2 observers agreeing with the subjective statements or agreeing with the gold standard (objective statements) for 90% for sd-PANs and 85% for both extr-PANs and sim rd-PANs. Results: In total, images of 43 patients were included. For the subjective statements, only the sd-PAN met the threshold for technical adequacy (95.3%) and suitability for orthodontic treatment planning (95.3%). For objective statements 6, 7, and 9, extr-PAN and sim rd-PAN images met the threshold for acceptable quality, whereas the sd-PAN met the threshold for statements 6 and 9. Differences in agreement with the gold standard among images were small (85.7%-87.8%). Conclusions: Sd-PAN images demonstrated superior image quality. Although extr-PAN and sim rd-PAN showed reduced diagnostic image quality for orthodontic diagnosis, differences among the 3 types of PAN regarding the gold standard were small.Item Metadata only Factors Influencing Cultural Tourism Decisions in Ubon Ratchathani(2025-11-25) Chanwanaku S.; Chanwanaku S.; Mahidol UniversityThis research aims to examine the factors influencing Thai tourists' cultural tourism decisions in Ubon Ratchathani and to propose guidelines for developing these factors. The study employs a quantitative research method, focusing on Thai tourists visiting Ubon Ratchathani for cultural tourism. The sample consisted of 400 respondents, and data were collected via questionnaires using convenience sampling, a nonprobability sampling technique. The data analysis employed descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations, as well as stepwise multiple regression. The findings reveal that four main factors significantly influence cultural tourism decisions at the 0.05 level of significance: accommodation, accessibility, political stability, and cultural activities. Together, these variables can predict cultural tourism decisions with an accuracy of 76.40%. Among them, accommodation, accessibility, and political stability emerge as the most influential. The results indicate that both the government and private sectors, in collaboration with local communities, should prioritize the development of cultural tourism in Ubon Ratchathani. In particular, accessibility can be improved through reliable, safe transportation systems, such as shuttle bus services linking major cultural sites. Political stability must be maintained to enhance tourists’ confidence regarding safety and security. Additionally, cultural activities should be diversified and designed to appeal to tourists of all ages and backgrounds, fostering participation, interaction, and memorable experiences. Overall, the study highlights the importance of infrastructure readiness, political stability, and community engagement in promoting cultural tourism in secondary provinces. These elements are essential for building tourist confidence and ensuring economic, social, and cultural sustainability. Furthermore, the findings help bridge knowledge gaps in understanding tourist decision-making in secondary destinations and provide practical guidelines for promoting sustainable cultural tourism in Thailand.Item Metadata only XAI-ACSM: An Ensemble-Based Explainable Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Accurate Prediction of Anticancer Small Molecules(2025-12-02) Schaduangrat N.; Mookdarsanit P.; Mahmud S.M.H.; Kusonmano K.; Mookdarsanit L.; Shoombuatong W.; Schaduangrat N.; Mahidol UniversityCancer continues to be a leading cause of mortality worldwide. While conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy remain mainstays in clinical oncology, these approaches often result in systemic toxicity, adverse side effects, and the emergence of drug resistance. Small-molecule drugs have gained prominence as potent anticancer agents due to their favorable drug-like profiles, enabling oral bioavailability and systemic efficacy. The incorporation of computational methodologies has further revolutionized anticancer drug discovery. In particular, machine learning (ML) techniques have shown considerable success in accelerating the identification and optimization of small-molecule candidates. Therefore, we propose a novel ensemble-based explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework, termed XAI-ACSM, for the identification and characterization of anticancer small molecules (ACSMs) using only SMILES notation. XAI-ACSM was initially developed through a comprehensive evaluation of five popular ML algorithms in conjunction with 14 molecular descriptors derived from five different feature encoding schemes. Then, these molecular descriptors and ML algorithms were employed to develop 70 baseline models. Finally, the most effective baseline models were selected and integrated to provide high-precision prediction outcomes using a probability averaging strategy. Both cross-validation and independent tests showed that XAI-ACSM outperformed its baseline models and the existing method. Remarkably, XAI-ACSM achieved an accuracy of 0.826, specificity of 0.926, and MCC of 0.666 over the independent test data set, which were 3.65, 9.60, and 8.63% higher than the existing method. Furthermore, XAI-ACSM was applied to identify potential ACSMs among FDA-approved drugs, with predictions validated through molecular docking against the most prevalent cancer targets. XAI-ACSM offers a practical approach for screening large chemical libraries to identify potential ACSMs, particularly among compounds with limited existing characterization, while helping to reduce time and resource requirements.Item Metadata only The Efficacy of Deep Learning Model on Sex Estimation in Patellae for A Thai Population(2025-12-02) Honghimaphan S.; Rattanachet P.; Chatthai N.; Jitrabeab P.; Ruengdit S.; Mann R.W.; Sangchay N.; Honghimaphan S.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: This study investigates the sexual dimorphism in the patellae to develop sex estimation equations and determine the accuracy using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) classification models. Materials and Methods: The sample of 250 pairs of patellae from the Siriraj Anatomical and Anthropological Bone Research Center (Si-AABRC) were measured for eight parameters. The data were statistically analysed using logistic regression model alongside, ML and DL were used to predict the best classifiers in sex classification. Rather than traditional radiographic images, this paper tries a novel integration of photographic images. Results: The average values for each parameter were significantly larger in males than females (p < 0.05), suggesting the presence of sexual dimorphism within the patellae between each sex. The most dimorphic parameter was Transverse Diameter of Articular Facet (TDAF). The parameters in females showed no significant difference between left and right except for Breadth of the Medial Articular Facet (BMAF). However, in males a significant difference was observed for Maximum Height (MAXH), Transverse Diameter of Articular Facet (TDAF) and Breadth of the Lateral Articular Facet (BLAF). The logistic regression equation generated included the following parameters: MAXH (R), BLAF (L), and TDAF (L). The overall accuracy obtained for different sex estimation models ranged from 80%, 80% to 86% and 49.7% to 79.2% using logistic regression, ML and DL, respectively. Conclusion: The patellae can be utilized by forensic anthropologists in determining the sex of an unknown individual.Item Metadata only Sexual Dimorphism in Cranial and Post-Cranial Skeletal Elements: Forensic Implications for Sex Estimation in a Contemporary Thai Population(2025-12-02) Sangchay N.; Tangmanpakdeepong K.; Boonyarud S.; Wansopha S.; Chatthai N.; Rattanachet P.; Chetsawang J.; Sangchay N.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: The analysis of human skeletal remains is instrumental in forensic and anthropological contexts, particularly for establishing biological profiles of unidentified individuals. Determining sex via skeletal examination is a fundamental component of this process and traditionally involves morphological assessment and metric analysis of pelvic and cranial bones. Nevertheless, the precision and reliability of these methodologies—whether through morphological evaluation or morphometric analysis—remain subjects of ongoing debate and scrutiny. This research set forth to investigate the efficacy of morphological and morphometric analysis in sex estimation by focusing on cranial and post-cranial long bones within contemporary Thai population. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 204 skulls (105 from males, and 99 from females) and 200 sets of long bones of upper (humerus, radius, and ulna) and lower extremities (femur and tibia). Multiple measurements were systematically obtained from various anatomical regions of each bone, and measurements of extremity long bones were compared between the left and right sides. Results: The analysis revealed statistically significant differences in these metrics between sexes, indicating the potential utility of this approach for sex classification. However, despite achieving high levels of accuracy, the studied methodology yielded some classification errors, which suggests some potential limitations. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both inherent skeletal variability in cranial and post-cranial morphology within contemporary Thai population and the specific analytical techniques employed can markedly influence the accuracy of sex determination. These factors harbor and confer important implications for forensic and anthropological applications.Item Metadata only Diagnosis of Data Saturation and Holistic Interpretation: A Multi-Layered Approach to Planning Qualitative Sample Size(2025-11-25) Kruasom T.; Kantatasiri P.; Harasarn A.; Kruasom T.; Mahidol UniversitySample-size guidance in qualitative research has long centered on the idea of data saturation—the point at which further collection yields no substantively new insights (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Yet, as the notion has migrated from its grounded-theory roots into routine practice, it is often applied as a blunt numerical target that overlooks data richness, participant diversity and theoretical coherence. This article traces the evolution of saturation, critically reviewing empirical studies and simulation models that try to forecast when it occurs. We identify the main forces shaping saturation—study scope, population heterogeneity and interview depth—and show why treating it as the sole indicator of adequacy can be misleading. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce a multi-layered framework that fuses saturation diagnosis with checks on data richness, diversity of perspectives and theoretical fit. Practical tools such as iterative coding cycles, memo writing and saturation grids illustrate how the framework enhances analytic transparency and rigor. Reframing the question from “How many participants are enough?” to “How much understanding is sufficient?” offers researchers a structured yet flexible path to defensible sample planning.Item Metadata only A Clustering-Based Optimization of Restaurant Locations in Malaysian Cities(2025-01-01) Zulkifli F.; Zainal Abidin R.; Muhamad Sayuti M.A.; Zulaikha Zulkifli N.; Ependi U.; Laesanklang W.; Zulkifli F.; Mahidol UniversityRestaurant location planning in Malaysia's urban centres is becoming increasingly complex due to ethnic diversity, economic disparity, and shifting consumer behaviour. Traditional methods, based on intuition or static foot traffic data, often fall short in addressing this multi-layered reality. This study applies a clustering-based approach to optimize restaurant placements using geospatial, demographic, service, and pricing data across urban districts in Malaysia. Using K-means clustering, the analysis segments over 12,000 restaurant entries extracted from Google Maps and merged with 2024 population projections from the Department of Statistics Malaysia into three meaningful market types. Cluster 1 captures premium urban zones with higher price points and strong customer reviews, typical of affluent districts like Kuala Lumpur and Petaling. Cluster 2 represents stable, budget-sensitive markets with consistent service patterns and affordability-focused offerings. Cluster 3, a hybrid category found in suburban districts such as Kuantan and Seberang Perai, balances moderate pricing with high consumer satisfaction, reflecting evolving middle-class expectations. The model's robustness was validated through Silhouette score evaluation, yielding an average Silhouette score of approximately 0.38, indicating moderate cluster cohesion. PCA clearly visualized cluster separation, while spatial distribution mapping confirmed distinct geographic patterns corresponding to each cluster. Results reveal distinct demand structures and pricing trends across clusters, offering strategic insights for restaurateurs and urban planners. This study not only enhances data-driven decision-making but also demonstrates the value of integrating unsupervised learning methods into commercial geography within Southeast Asian contexts.Item Metadata only Calcaneal Articular Talar Facets, Stieda’s Process, and Calcaneus Secundarius: Variations Found in Thai Population(2025-12-02) Wongla A.M.B.; Rattanachet P.; Honghimaphan S.; Chatthai N.; Jitrabeab P.; Sangchay N.; Wongla A.M.B.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: The calcaneus and talus have been studied in anatomy and pathology, but research is limited compared to its forensic use. This study examines the prevalence of three types of variants (calcaneal talar facet types, Stieda’s process, and calcaneus secundarius) to find correlations with sex and siding of the calcaneus and talus in a Thai population. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 specimens from the bone collection of Siriraj Anatomical and Anthropological Bone Research Centre (Si-AABRC), Thailand, were used. The calcaneus was classified into three types based on its articular talar facets, and the talus was categorized based on the presence of Stieda’s process and four types of posterolateral tubercles. Presence of a calcaneus secundarius was checked for a crescent-shaped notch and an accessory ossicle. Results: Pattern I, the most common facet type, accounted for 60.23% of calcanei, with a 45.2% average of “full-shaped” facets. Pattern III was the least common, averaging 4.4%. The flat posterior processes of the talus were the most frequent trait (41.4%), while the hook type was the least common (2.4%). Calcaneus secundarius (CS) and Stieda’s process (SP) were the rarest traits. Conclusion: The aforementioned calcaneal and talar traits can aid in investigating sides, as left or right, but not as a specific sex characteristic. The calcaneus secundarius has no correlation to either sex or siding due to limited samples. The outcomes of prevalence align with prior studies.Item Metadata only Generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cell line MUi040-A derived from CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells of a patient with constitutional pericentric inversion of chromosome 9(2025-12-01) Linn A.K.; Phanthong P.; Pewkliang Y.; Laosee W.; Tong-Ngam P.; Tubsuwan A.; Trachoo O.; Asavapanumas N.; Borwornpinyo S.; Hongeng S.; Yingchoncharoen T.; Linn A.K.; Mahidol UniversityThe MUi040-A human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line was established from CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells of a male patient with senile amyloidosis. Patient carries a unique chromosome inversion at bands 9p12 and 9q13, which is one of the most common variants of the normal karyotype of chromosome 9 (inv[9]). This hiPSC line maintains an identical karyotype to that of the parental cells. MUi040-A expressed pluripotency markers and demonstrated the capacity to differentiate into all three germ layers. This cell line offers a valuable in vitro for studying the pathophysiology of senile systemic amyloidosis and for evaluating potential therapeutic approaches.Item Metadata only Trust, resistance, and transformation: A Q-methodological study of teachers' perspectives on AI-generated feedback in second language writing(2025-01-01) Jinowat N.; Wiboolyasarin K.; Chomchuen F.; Wiboolyasarin W.; Jinowat N.; Mahidol UniversityThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into second language (L2) writing instruction has generated an ongoing debate concerning its pedagogical value, ethical implications, and classroom implementation. While existing research highlights AI's potential to enhance writing development, teachers' subjective views remain underexplored. This study uses Q-methodology to examine educators' perspectives on the pedagogical role of AI, particularly AI-generated feedback, in L2 writing instruction. Forty teachers sorted 42 statements that captured pedagogical, emotional, and ethical concerns related to AI-supported writing practices. By-person factor analysis revealed four distinct viewpoints: (1) Instructor-Led Guided Trust, (2) Institution-Dependent Conditional Trust, (3) Strategic Resistance, and (4) Transformative Embrace. These perspectives reflect varying degrees of trust in AI, informed by beliefs about instructional quality and teacher roles. The findings emphasize the need for teacher agency, contextual responsiveness, and targeted professional development in AI adoption. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how educators reconcile emerging technologies with pedagogical integrity, offering practical implications for policy, training, and future research in technology-enhanced education.Item Metadata only It’s Not What We Say but How We Say It: The Use of their Linguistic Repertoire by Two Non-Native English-Speaking Teachers in the EFL Classroom in Thailand(2025-01-01) Schefers S.E.; Celaya M.L.; Schefers S.E.; Mahidol UniversityThe primary goal of this study was to analyze the use of the linguistic repertoire of non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs) in the EFL classroom. This was done through a study of two EFL teachers in Thailand. Results show that while teachers were partially aware of the factors that impacted what language they chose for specific classroom tasks, it was often their perceptions of their own proficiency that played the largest role. Students, in turn, often responded in the same language that teachers used. This led to the conclusion that NNESTs’ sense of identity as L2 users as well as their sense of agency as professional language instructors should be promoted to enhance greater use of the target language (TL) in the classroom.Item Metadata only Prevalence of fungal infections in the oral and maxillofacial region: a 50-year experience from a dental school in Thailand(2025-12-04) Kosanwat T.; Choakdeewanitthumrong S.; Poomsawat S.; Kosanwat T.; Mahidol UniversityOBJECTIVES: Although superficial fungal infections of the oral and maxillofacial region are common, deep fungal infections remain unfamiliar. We investigated the prevalence of fungal infections in this location in Thailand from specimens examined in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology over a 50-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases diagnosed as fungal infections in our archive were selected. Demographic data, risk factors, clinical and radiographic features, clinical differential diagnoses and treatments were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 22,070 biopsied specimens, 41 cases (0.19%) were fungal infections in this location. The prevalence increased in the last decade. Approximately 71% were candidiasis, while 29% constituted deep infections including mucormycosis, aspergillosis and histoplasmosis. Fungal infections predominantly affected elderly individuals (mean age: 62.1 years). Both superficial and deep types exhibited a female predominance with a ratio of 1:3.8 and 1:3, respectively. About 60% of patients were associated with risk factors, namely, betel quid chewing, diabetes mellitus and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinically misdiagnosed chronic hyperplastic candidiasis as erythroleukoplakia/lichen planus, and deep fungal infections as osteomyelitis/oral squamous cell carcinoma were frequently observed. All candidiasis were treated with topical antifungal drugs, while mucormycosis and histoplasmosis required systemic antifungal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Fungal infections constituted less than 1% among biopsied specimens. The majority of fungal infections were clinically misdiagnosed. Currently, histopathologic examinations using proper special stains play a vital role to achieve a definite diagnosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Unfamiliarity with deep fungal infections in the oral and maxillofacial region among oral healthcare personnel may lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Awareness of fungal infections in this area must be encouraged.Item Metadata only Spatial Mapping of Stereoisomeric and Isobaric Alkaloids in Mitragyna speciosa Tissues by High-Resolution DESI-cIM-MS(2025-12-02) Wisanpitayakorn P.; Konsue A.; Sartyoungkul T.; In-on A.; Sirivatanauksorn Y.; Gang D.R.; Kittakoop P.; Khoomrung S.; Wisanpitayakorn P.; Mahidol UniversityConventional mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), even when combined with low-resolution ion mobility, lacks the resolving power to distinguish stereoisomers. To address this limitation, we developed a high-resolution desorption electrospray ionization cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometry (DESI-cIM-MS) method for in situ separation and spatial mapping of stereoisomeric compounds, using Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) as a model system. We characterized and validated the separation of four mitragynine-type stereoisomers─mitragynine (MG), speciogynine (SG), mitraciliatine (MC), and speciociliatine (SC)─using chemical standards. Notably, SC exhibited two gas-phase conformers, fast (SC-F) and slow (SC-S), supported by quantum chemical calculations. Using multipass separation and targeted ion slicing, we resolved and mapped SG, MC, and SC-S in surface-spotted standards. To address coelution between MG and SC-F, we developed a pixel-wise subtraction strategy based on the SC-F/SC-S intensity ratio to mitigate SC-F interference in the MG ion image. Direct analysis of kratom twig tissue revealed distinct spatial distributions for each stereoisomer. MG was found broadly throughout the twig except in the xylem. MC was concentrated in the pith, with some presence in the bark. SC and SG were predominantly localized in the bark, especially the epidermis. Furthermore, we resolved two additional important alkaloids, paynantheine and 7-OH-mitragynine, from their isobaric compounds; both were distributed throughout the twig except the xylem. These findings demonstrate the importance of high-resolution ion mobility in MSI for accurately resolving structurally similar compounds and improving spatial analysis in metabolomics and natural product research.Item Metadata only Role of Prucalopride in the Treatment of Chronic Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial(2025-09-26) Preechakawin N.; Maneerattanaporn M.; Geeratragool T.; Srivanitchapoom P.; Pitakpatapee Y.; Leelakusolvong S.; Preechakawin N.; Mahidol UniversityBACKGROUND: – Constipation, a prevalent nonmotor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), adversely impacts patients’ quality of life. Prucalopride, a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist, has shown efficacy as a treatment for functional constipation, but its role in PD-related constipation remains underexplored.OBJECTIVE: – To assess the efficacy, safety, and quality-of-life impact of prucalopride in PD patients with chronic constipation.METHODS: – In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, PD patients with chronic constipation received prucalopride (2 mg) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the number of spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) per week from baseline to week 8. Secondary outcomes included stool consistency, straining, and changes in Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms and Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life scores. Parkinsonian motor severity was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).RESULTS: – Fifty-seven patients were included (prucalopride = 30, placebo = 27). At week 8, the change in the number of weekly SBMs was significantly larger in the prucalopride group (3.2 ± 2.8) than in the placebo group (1.6 ± 1.9; P = 0.02). Longitudinal analysis confirmed a significantly higher SBM frequency in the prucalopride group throughout the 8-week period (P = 0.015). Secondary outcomes showed trends toward improvement, but no statistically significant differences. No serious adverse events were reported, and UPDRS scores remained unchanged.CONCLUSION: – Prucalopride was safe, well-tolerated, and more effective than placebo in increasing bowel movement frequency in PD patients with chronic constipation, supporting its potential as a therapeutic option in this population.Item Metadata only Advances in Bioactive Dental Adhesives for Caries Prevention: A State-of-the-Art Review(2025-11-01) Nizami M.Z.I.; Jindarojanakul A.; Ma Q.; Lee S.J.; Sun J.; Nizami M.Z.I.; Mahidol UniversityThe long-term success of composite restorations largely depends on the performance of dental adhesives at the adhesive–tooth interface. Despite ongoing improvements, secondary caries remains the leading cause of restoration failure, primarily due to the adhesive layer’s susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation, bacterial invasion, and limited biological functionality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in bioactive dental adhesives for preventing recurrent caries, focusing on their mechanisms of action, material performance, therapeutic functions, and clinical potential. Bioactive adhesives combine durable bonding with biofunctional benefits, including remineralization, antimicrobial activity, enzymatic inhibition, and support for tissue regeneration. By integrating these properties, they enhance both the durability of the adhesive interface and oral health. Recent strategies include the incorporation of ion-releasing fillers such as calcium phosphate and bioactive glass, antimicrobial monomers such as MDPB and quaternary ammonium methacrylates, enzymatic inhibitors, and hydrolytically stable resin matrices. Together, these components strengthen the adhesive interface and provide biologically active effects to prevent recurrent caries. Although in vitro findings are promising, challenges remain, including limited long-term clinical data, the absence of standardized evaluation protocols, and barriers to clinical translation. Addressing these gaps is essential to ensure predictable clinical outcomes. Bioactive dental adhesives represent a paradigm shift in restorative dentistry, evolving from passive bonding agents to multifunctional therapeutic materials. By combining structural durability with biological protection, they hold significant potential to prevent recurrent caries and improve the long-term success of composite restorations.Item Metadata only Association between clinical outcomes and postoperative first metatarsal rotational alignment assessed by weight-bearing CT scan in hallux valgus(2025-01-01) Prusmetikul S.; Orapin J.; Vasaruchapong S.; Tawonsawatruk T.; Jaovisidha S.; Manatrakul R.; Tangkittithaworn P.; Laohajaroensombat S.; Prusmetikul S.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: The significance of rotational deformity in the operative treatment of hallux valgus is growing. However, its impact on clinical outcomes remains inadequately explored. This study aims to investigate associations between residual rotational deformity and clinical outcomes following hallux valgus corrections. Methods: This retrospective study analysed 47 postoperative feet, using WBCT to measure first metatarsal rotation via the α angle. The AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP, VAS-FA, and FAOS scores were assessed using this parameter. Results: Patients with residual first metatarsal pronation demonstrated significantly poorer functions (84.14 ± 18.50; P-value = 0.04), other complaint subscales (78.78 ± 19.17; P-value = 0.03), and overall scores of the VAS-FA (82.93 ± 17.99; P-value = 0.04). A lower alignment subscale was observed in the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP score (12.26 ± 3.49; P-value = 0.04), while other scales showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusion: Residual first metatarsal pronation is associated with poorer clinical outcomes as shown by the overall score, function, and other complaint subscales of the VAS-FA, as well as the alignment subscale of the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP. These findings underscore the importance of correcting rotational deformity for optimal results. Nonetheless, given the retrospective design of this study with only postoperative assessments, causal inferences regarding the role of residual pronation cannot be established and should be interpreted cautiously.Item Metadata only Influence of non-interpretive and interpretive front-of-pack food labels on population consumption of food high in fat, sugar or sodium (HFSS) in Thailand(2025-01-01) Thongcharoenchupong N.; Chamratrithirong A.; Soottipong Gray R.; Pattaravanich U.; Jindarattanaporn N.; Loyfah N.; Thapsuwan S.; Phulkerd S.; Thongcharoenchupong N.; Mahidol UniversityThis study examined how non-interpretive and interpretive front-of-pack labels affect consumption of foods which are high in fat, sugar or sodium (HFSS) in Thai population. This study used secondary data from the 2021 Health Behaviour of Population Survey. Information about frequency of HFSS consumption (instant foods, snack and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)), reasons for food purchase, seeing the Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA) and the Healthier Choice Logo (HCL), and socio-demographic characteristics were used for data analysis. People who reported having ever seen the HCL, both the GDA and the HCL, and the GDA, the HCL or both had the highest possibility of consuming instant foods, snack and SSB, respectively, as compared with seeing neither. The study suggests a need for improvement in the current food labels by making them easier to read and understand for consumers. They should be implemented in conjunction with other proven approaches for reducing the effect of food cravings and affordability of HFSS.Item Metadata only Real time drowsiness detection by image processing from eye blinks(2025-01-01) Nakbuppa P.; Asavaskulkiet K.; Boonton N.; Norasarn N.; Tausiesakul B.; Tiptipakorn S.; Nakbuppa P.; Mahidol UniversityTransportation plays a crucial role in modern society, and many individuals rely on cars for commuting, which introduces potential risks to their safety. In Thailand, drowsy driving accidents rank as the third leading cause of traffic incidents. Our objective is to enhance road safety through a project that involves developing a Python-based camera system capable of detecting drowsiness, designed to be compatible with compact devices such as the Raspberry Pi. This camera will monitor eye blinks to identify signs of fatigue. This research's objective is to develop a system that can detect drowsy drivers and provide timely alerts to prevent accidents. We utilize MediaPipe and OpenCV to detect faces and incorporate data from research, such as PERCLOS to identify drowsiness. Our camera can accurately count eye blinks with 98% accuracy for participants wearing glasses and 95% accuracy for those without glasses on windows. On the Raspberry Pi 4 model B, the results are 97.33% accuracy at 300 lx for participants without glasses, 95.27% accuracy at 50 lx for participants without glasses, and 96.93% accuracy at 0 lx for participants without glasses. Then, this research aims to develop a camera system capable of counting eye blinks, indicative of drowsiness, and triggering an alarm with a buzzer when a drowsy driver is detected.Item Metadata only Chain-length-dependent reactivity of alkenyl phosphates in ruthenium-catalyzed cross-metathesis(2025-01-01) Pontavatchai A.; Schwedtmann K.; Royla P.; Schwedtmann K.; Khamnaen T.; Schwarzenbolz U.; Henle T.; Somsook E.; Weigand J.J.; Pontavatchai A.; Mahidol UniversityWe report a chain-length-dependent reactivity pattern in the cross-metathesis of alkenyl phosphates catalyzed by the second-generation Grubbs catalyst (GII). While vinyl phosphates undergo unproductive decomposition to generate a ruthenium-carbide complex, extending the alkyl spacer restores productive cross-metathesis. DFT studies rationalize this transformation to occur via a proton-coupled phosphate elimination mechanism.