Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only Persistent Metopic Suture: Incidence and Clinical Correlates in a Large Southeast Asian Population(2025-12-04) Poungjantaradej N.; Matwatthanakit K.; Charernsook S.; Ngamsombat C.; Chaisrisawadisuk S.; Poungjantaradej N.; Mahidol UniversityThe metopic suture usually fuses by age 2, but persistence beyond this age (metopism) is uncommon and may mimic a fracture or signal disordered craniofacial development. The authors assessed the incidence of persistent metopic sutures and associated demographic and clinical factors. A retrospective study was organised of cranial CT scans of patients aged 24 months or older at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, classifying metopic patency with the Lottering system and defining persistence as any patency beyond 24 months. The authors collected data on age, sex, cephalic index, imaging indication, developmental delay, and anterior fontanel closure. Among 1315 patients (63.8% males; median age 12.3 y), 3.3% (44 patients) had a persistent metopic suture, including 2 (0.15%) with complete patency and 42 (3.2%) partial. Sex, age, cephalic index, and imaging indications did not differ significantly between groups. Delayed frontal sinus development was more prevalent in patients with persistence (11.4% versus 2.7%), as was delayed anterior fontanel closure (4.5% versus 0.4%). In multivariable logistic regression, delayed frontal sinus development (odds ratio: 4.7; P = 0.002) and delayed anterior fontanel closure (odds ratio: 12.0; P = 0.03) independently predicted persistence. In conclusion, the incidence of persistent metopic suture was around 3% in contemporary Thai population. Although no sex or age predilection emerged, persistence was strongly associated with delayed frontal sinus development and delayed anterior fontanel ossification.Item Metadata only Characterization of gut microbiome profile in children with confirmed wheat allergy(2025-12-01) Kanchongkittiphon W.; Nopnipa S.; Mathuranyanon R.; Nonthabenjawan N.; Sritournok S.; SritournokManuyakorn W.; Wanapaisan P.; Kanchongkittiphon W.; Mahidol UniversityBACKGROUND: Food allergies pose serious health risks, including life-threatening anaphylactic reactions, increased morbidity, and reduced quality of life. Wheat allergy is a common concern in Asia. There is growing interest in understanding the potential association between dysregulation of the gut microbiome and the development of food allergies. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the gut microbiome of Thai children with wheat allergy and its potential association with allergic responses. METHODS: Microbial abundance was assessed using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME2) microbiome analysis based on 16S rDNA data. The correlation between microbial richness and relevant parameters was evaluated using the Spearman correlation analysis. Additionally, the microbial community functions were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2). RESULTS: The gut microbiome analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups at the phylum and genus levels. Firmicutes (p = 0.012) and Verrucomicrobia (p < 0.001) were enriched in wheat-allergic children, whereas specific gut microbes such as Megamonas (p = 0.04), Romboutsia (p < 0.001), Fusobacterium (p < 0.001), Clostridium senso stricto1 (p < 0.001), and Turicibacter (p < 0.001) were more abundant in healthy children. Anaerostripes (p = 0.011), Erysipelatoclostridium (p < 0.001), Prevotella 2 (p < 0.001), Ruminiclostridium 5 (p < 0.001), and Clostridium innnocuum (p < 0.001) were enriched in children with a confirmed wheat allergy. Functional analysis indicated disparities in the pathways related to arginine and polyamine biosynthesis. CONCLUSION: These findings offer valuable insights into the gut microbiome of children with wheat allergy and its potential impact on symptom severity, laying the groundwork for further research and interventions aimed at addressing this health concern.Item Metadata only An updated review for management of atopic dermatitis(2025-12-01) Tuchinda P.; Nanthapisal S.; Nitiyarom R.; Vichyanond P.; Singalavanija S.; Rajatanavin N.; Wananukul S.; Limpongsanurak W.; Aunhachoke K.; Wisuthsarewong W.; Sangsupawanich P.; Chatchatee P.; Wattanakrai P.; Jirapongsananuruk O.; Chantaphakul H.; Thongngarm T.; Chularojanamontri L.; Kamchaisatian W.; Chatproedprai S.; Laisuan W.; Limphoka P.; Manuskiatti P.; Noppakun N.; Kulthanan K.; Tuchinda P.; Mahidol UniversityThis review focuses on the updated knowledge of atopic dermatitis (AD) through collaboration between the Dermatological Society of Thailand, the Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Association of Thailand, and the Pediatric Dermatological Society of Thailand. As AD is a chronic condition that significantly impacts quality of life and affects a large population worldwide, this review aims to provide an updated overview of the disease, including its prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and current treatment strategies. Continuous updates in that knowledge, especially the treatment guidelines, are necessary to provide proper management for both general practitioners and specialists who care for patients with AD. This also helps establish standards and improve the management of AD.Item Metadata only Tourist Migration from Former Soviet States to Thailand: Current Trends and Development Prospects(2025-01-01) Ryazantsev S.V.; Rakhmonov A.K.; Ryazantsev N.S.; Ryazantsev S.V.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction. The article treats tourism as a form of temporary cross-border migration and examines how visitors from former Soviet states have shaped Thailand’s tourism landscape across pre-pandemic growth, the COVID-19 collapse, and a robust, uneven recovery. It focuses on how visa regimes, flight connectivity, payment channels, and geopolitical shocks condition volumes, profiles, and destinations within Thailand. Goals. The paper aims to identify current trends and development prospects of tourist migration from former Soviet states to Thailand; profile socio-demographic and spatial patterns; and estimate the economic contribution of key markets (notably Russia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine). Materials and methods. A mixed-methods design combines quantitative analysis of official Thai tourism statistics (2014-2024, with early-2025 where available) by nationality, province and visitor profile; a targeted online survey of Russian, Kazakh and Ukrainian visitors to derive per-diem expenditure and length of stay; policy and visa document review; and macroeconomic benchmarking (GDP). A tourism-contribution formula aggregates per-capita spend over stay length and arrivals to approximate direct GDP shares. Results. Tourist inflows from former Soviet states collapsed in 2020-2021 and rebounded by 2023 to roughly pre-pandemic levels, with Russia remaining the bellwether, Kazakhstan emerging as the second growth pole, and Ukraine’s outbound travel constrained by conflict. The age profile centers on 25-44 with a slight female majority, and travel concentrates in coastal hubs — especially Phuket and Pattaya — though independent travel is widening the footprint to secondary provinces. Estimated direct GDP effects are material — on the order of one percent driven chiefly by Russian visitors — while policy levers (visa facilitation, frictionless payments, flight capacity) and risks (sanctions, exchange-rate volatility) shape near-term prospects. Strategic recommendations include maintaining facilitative entry, diversifying origin markets, encouraging dispersal beyond saturated hubs, and embedding sustainability and risk management into destination strategy.Item Metadata only DUS Exponential Distribution: Properties and Applications(2025-10-01) Qayoom D.; Rather A.A.; Volodin A.; Supapueng O.; Khan A.H.; Danish F.; Qayoom D.; Mahidol UniversityAbstract: This article presents a novel statistical distribution, known as the DUS exponential distribution, and conducts a comprehensive examination of its essential characteristics and applications. In this study, the fundamental properties of the distribution such as reliability, survival and hazard function, stress-strength reliability, moments, order statistics, entropy function, moment generating function, as well as Bonferroni and Lorenz curves are studied. The estimation of parameters by the maximum likelihood estimation method is discussed. The article also explores the reliability of the upgraded system using three different approaches: reduction, hot duplication, and cold duplication methods. To validate the efficacy of maximum likelihood estimators, a comprehensive simulation study is conducted. Finally, the authors of this article have analyzed real-life data sets from banking sector and medical science, and it has been found that the proposed DUS exponential distribution provides a better fit compared to other distributions.Item Metadata only Local Management for Conserving the Sustainability of Natural Resources: A Case Study of Thab Lan National Park, Thailand(2025-01-01) To-aj O.; Krajangkantamatr S.; Chanbanchong N.; Susiva S.; Putthasri W.; To-aj O.; Mahidol UniversityNational parks are designated natural areas set aside for the preservation of their resources. However, they suffer from several environmental problems resulting from human actions, exacerbated by a lack of effective management planning, including unsustainable biodiversity loss, deforestation, and wildfires. This qualitative research proposes practical sustainability conservation management based on the experience of Thab Lan National Park in Thailand, utilizing Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets. Through in-depth interviews, data were collected from three residents and two operations-level staff members of the Thab Lan National Park. The findings highlighted local resource protection, park residency legality, and agricultural expertise as supportive factors. In contrast, ecosystem protection from slosh equity enabled them, which was detrimental due to the skewed distribution of benefits. Furthermore, the management level was found to have an impact on the long-term ecological benefits. Most importantly, unequal resource allocation has hampered conservation efforts, highlighting the need for community participation in sustainable resource management. This management strategy is a working approach that local authorities and regional policymakers can adopt as guidelines for the sustainable conservation of natural resources in the Thab Lan National Park and other similar settings.Item Metadata only High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica in Thailand food markets: Insights from complete genome and phenotypic characterization of ESBL-producing strains(2025-12-02) Phaophu P.; Thadtapong N.; Wirth S.E.; Gray A.S.; Dangsuk S.; Ngamwongsatit N.; Aunpad R.; Chaturongakul S.; Phaophu P.; Mahidol UniversitySalmonella contamination in the food chain is a common root of foodborne outbreaks. The transmission of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella and food bacteria raises global public health concern. As a major food exporter and travel hub in Southeast Asia, Thailand is particularly susceptible. To better understand the circulating Salmonella, we characterized 74 non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates previously obtained from Thailand food markets. Whole genome sequencing, drug susceptibility testing, and host invasion efficiency assays were performed. The most prevalent serotype was Salmonella serotype Rissen (32.43%) followed by Derby (12.16%). Fifty-two isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with their primary resistance pattern being ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline resistance. The most resistant strain was S. Rissen exhibiting resistance to 13 tested drugs, including third-generation cephalosporin. Six cephalosporin-resistant isolates were identified, four of which were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains harboring the blaCTX-M-14 or blaCTX-M-55 ESBL gene. Complete genomes showed that three ESBL-producing isolates contained plasmid-mediated ESBL, and the other was chromosomal-mediated. In vitro invasion efficiencies of ESBL-producing strains into mucous-producing human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29-MTX-E12 cells were compared to the reference strain Salmonella Typhimurium LT2. Statistically significant higher invasion efficiency in the chromosomal-mediated ESBL strain was found. Interestingly, the ESBL plasmid detected during this study was highly similar to a plasmid previously isolated from a Thai patient. This study highlights that the majority of Salmonella isolated from Thai foods are MDR and potentially ESBL-producing strains, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and intervention strategies. IMPORTANCE In Thailand, fermented foods are typically consumed raw, and pork is considered a delicacy of Thai cuisine. The presence of multidrug resistant (MDR) foodborne pathogens in these food types raises concern and presents a risk to public health. Here, we report that Salmonella Rissen was the most prevalent serotype isolated from these food samples in Thailand. All isolates carried virulence gene clusters crucial for pathogenesis, and more than 70% of isolates were MDR strains. Four of the MDR strains were ESBL-producing. Whole genome sequence analysis and phenotypic characterizations revealed that chromosome-mediated ESBL strains possessed higher in vitro invasion efficiency than plasmid-mediated ESBL strains. This study highlights two key public health threats: the risk of acquiring difficult-to-treat MDR Salmonella infections from undercooked food and the circulation of AMR plasmids in fresh markets in Thailand.Item Metadata only Sustainable valorization of porcine placenta through microencapsulation: a circular economy approach to functional ingredient development(2025-11-24) Chulalaksananukul P.; Jafari S.; Shiekh K.A.; Kijpatanasilp I.; Pholmanee N.; Harnvoravongchai P.; Janvilisri T.; Assatarakul K.; Chulalaksananukul P.; Mahidol UniversityThe increasing volume of porcine placenta, a nutrient-rich slaughterhouse byproduct, poses waste management challenges in Thailand's expanding pork industry. This study aimed to valorize porcine placenta by extracting bioactive compounds and developing shelf-stable microcapsules for functional food and pharmaceutical applications. Hexane-based fat removal reduced protein content by 24% and antioxidant activity (DPPH: 2.61 ± 0.08 mM TE/g db; FRAP: 4.80 ± 0.27 mM FeSO4/g db) but preserved protein profiles (25–100 kDa). Spray drying with gum arabic (40% w/v, 165 °C inlet temperature) achieved the highest protein retention (3.93 mg/g) and encapsulation efficiency (97.99%), producing microcapsules with low water activity (0.08–0.11), moisture content (2.28–4.08%), and glass transition temperatures (44.1–61.5 °C). Vacuum-sealed aluminum foil packaging maintained quality over 90 days at room temperature. This novel approach upcycles animal-derived waste into a stable, bioactive ingredient, advancing circular economy principles by reducing waste and offering sustainable applications in food and nutraceutical sectors.Item Metadata only Textual Analysis of Conceptual Associations in CEFR B2 Level Texts: A Network-based Semantic Representation Approach(2025-09-01) Siripol P.; Rhee S.; Thirakunkovit S.; Liang-Itsara A.; Siripol P.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and Objectives: Lexical cohesion is vital for text comprehension, especially for learners progressing through CEFR levels. While research has focused on logical relations like synonymy and part-whole relationships, conceptual associations remain underexplored. These associations are crucial for cognitive processing and discourse comprehension but appear to be underrepresented in CEFR-B-leveled texts, which may potentially hinder learners’ preparation for C1-level demands. This study examines the patterns and prevalence of conceptual associations in B2 texts, their comparison with logical relations, and the impact of topic complexity on their distribution. Methodology: The study was conducted in two phases, with the initial phase involving the collection of verified B2 level texts. In the second phase, automated analysis via the UCREL Semantic Analysis System (SAS) was used to categorize words into broad conceptual groups, while a manual approach based on Town’s (2021) taxonomy was used to verify their actual association. A semantic network analysis based on Yang and González-Bailón’s (2017) framework was adapted to examine concept clustering. The semantic network was automatically generated and quantified by the numbers of nodes and clusters present in B2 level texts. Main Results: B2 texts showed an uneven use of lexical cohesion, relying more on simpler, explicit logical relationships. In all five texts examined, the use of logical relations (such as parent-child and part-whole relationships) outnumbered the use of other conceptual associations. In the five texts combined, logical relations occurred 92 times, whereas conceptual associations occurred 39 times. While this aids initial clarity, it creates a gap for learners moving to higher proficiency levels, where they need to connect ideas less explicitly via modeled B2 texts. Despite the similar totals of cohesive relationships (logical and conceptual associations) from the approximately 20 relationships in each text, B2 texts vary significantly in their use of conceptual association. Discussions: The dominance of logical relations in B2 texts may limit learners' development of abstract reasoning and inferencing skills, which are critical at higher proficiency levels. While logical relations provide structural clarity, they lack the deeper conceptual connections needed for C1 comprehension. Topic variations also affect conceptual richness, emphasizing the need for intentional text selection. A balanced integration of conceptual associations with logical relationsItem Metadata only 2020 census-based comparative estimations of infant and child mortality in Tajikistan(2025-01-01) Ryazantsev S.V.; Ryazantsev N.S.; Rakhmonov A.K.; Ryazantsev S.V.; Mahidol UniversityThe article aims at estimating and analyzing with an indirect method the infant mortality and under-five years child mortality in urban and rural areas of one of the poorest countries in the post-Soviet space of Central Asia — the Republic of Tajikistan. Demographic data collected by the 2020 Population and Housing Census was used to estimate the child mortality by focusing on the data on children ever born and children still alive, and the number of married women at that time. By today, the estimated infant and child mortality in 2005–2019 has significantly declined. At the same time, in recent years, both infant and child mortality in urban areas has become much higher than in rural districts. Despite the gradually declining general child mortality rate in Tajikistan, the state authorities at all levels have to continue implementing different target national and local measures in urban and rural areas in order to significantly improve and even develop medical health care and service systems, providing access to them for the wider population, adopt new housing and other social policies to ensure for women, children and families in general better social, economic and medical environment and support.Item Metadata only The Efficacy of Lavender Essential Oil for Anxiety and Pain Reduction during Single-Rod Contraceptive Implantation(2025-09-01) Dachray T.; Pongrojpaw D.; Boriboonhirunsarn D.; Jiraratsatit K.; Chanthasenanont A.; Suwannarurk K.; Dachray T.; Mahidol UniversityLavender essential oil aromatherapy has been explored for its potential to alleviate anxiety and pain during medical procedures. This randomized controlled trial investigated its efficacy in reducing anxiety and pain levels during single-rod contraceptive implantation. Conducted at the Gynecology Clinic, Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand, between June and December 2024, the study enrolled volunteers seeking contraceptive implant services. Participants were randomly assigned to inhale either lavender essential oil or normal saline 15 minutes before the procedure, using a cotton swab with four drops of the assigned scent held 10 cm from the nose. Anxiety levels were measured using the Visual Facial Anxiety Scale (VFAS) before, during, and 15 minutes after the procedure; while pain was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) during local anesthesia administration and implant insertion. A total of 200 participants were evenly divided into the lavender and control groups, with no significant differences in baseline characteristics. Lavender aromatherapy demonstrated a significant reduction in both anxiety and pain severity. Before the procedure, a greater number of participants in the lavender group reported mild anxiety compared to the control group (45 vs. 26, p < 0.001), and severe anxiety during implantation was markedly lower (1 vs. 27, p < 0.001). Similarly, during local anesthesia, a significantly higher proportion of participants in the lavender group reported mild pain (50 vs. 34, p = 0.004); while fewer experienced severe pain (5 vs. 19). Comparable trends were observed during implantation, with fewer participants reporting moderate (12 vs. 21, p = 0.027) and severe pain (1 vs. 6). These findings highlight the sedative and calming effects of lavender aromatherapy, demonstrating its potential as a simple and non-invasive intervention for managing anxiety and pain during contraceptive implantation.Item Metadata only A Systemic Approach to Chest Radiographic Assessment in Mycobacterium tuberculosisInfected Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)(2025-11-01) Kemthong T.; Kaewparuehaschai M.; Noradechanon K.; Kongrod K.; Meesawat S.; Warit S.; Srilohasin P.; Chaiprasert A.; Malaivijitnond S.; Kemthong T.; Mahidol UniversityThis study aimed to establish a comprehensive and accurate numerical chest X-ray radiograph (CXR) scoring system in cynomolgus macaques by using image intensity values from healthy, tuberculosis (TB)-free animals as references. The CXRs were obtained in both dorsoventral and lateral postures from 90 macaques and viewed by the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software version 2023.1. The mean and maximum intensity values were analyzed and showed significant differences between sex (male and female) and age class (juvenile and subadult/adult), varying based on body sizes. The cutoff values were, therefore, set separately and were tested for accuracy in detecting TB status in 18 naturally Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macaques, which were assessed for active tuberculosis infection (ATBI) using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra at least once during a 12-month follow-up. Only the cutoff values of maximum lateral image intensity (MLIs) correctly identified TB infection in 100% of cases. Thus, the MLIs were selected to follow up on the development of TB lesions in those 18 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macaques. The lateral digital radiograph was divided further into 9 areas, and the MLIs can predict the progression of TB lesions, which were most likely located in the dorsal part of the cranial lung lobe between thoracic vertebrae 1 (T1) to T4. Finally, the CXR results of another group of 8 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-exposed macaques, whose TB status was either uninfected, latent, or ATBI, were compared between a blind test by an expert radiologist and our established CXR scoring system. The blind test results showed 62.5% (5/8) agreement with our scoring system. This suggests that the CXR-MLI scoring system can be used as a supplementary tool for TB diagnosis in cynomolgus macaques.Item Metadata only Filling the Gaps: Advancing Neglected and Underutilised Species and Knowledge Systems in Thailand for Food Security and Environmental Sustainability(2025-12-31) Saiyasombat W.; Chathiran W.; Chimasangkanan J.; Bromage S.; Borelli T.; Hunter D.; Srichamnong W.; Saiyasombat W.; Mahidol UniversityNeglected and underutilised species (NUS) offer potential to enhance nutrition, food security, and environmental sustainability. Of the over 30,000 edible plant species that exist globally, fewer than 150 are commercially cultivated, accelerating the loss of agrobiodiversity and the homogenisation of food systems. Using Thailand as a case study, this review highlights five NUS—yellow burrhead (Limnocharis flava Buch.), Ceylon oak (Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr.), bastard oleaster (Elaeagnus latifolia L.), star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) and hogweed (Physalis angulata var. angulata)—for their high nutritional and medicinal potential. These species can diversify diets, promote sustainable agriculture, and revive indigenous food cultures, but their adoption is hindered by limited infrastructure, low consumer awareness, and insufficient inclusion in food composition databases. Integrating NUS into these databases supports accurate dietary assessment, informed public health policies and product innovation. By combining scientific research with traditional knowledge, NUS can contribute to resilient, culturally relevant, and sustainable food systems in Thailand and globally.Item Metadata only Attitude and Confidence in Managing Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During Pregnancy Among Thai Women(2025-01-01) Phonyiam R.; Teng C.H.; Sullivan C.S.; Palmquist A.E.L.; Hodges E.A.; Cortes Y.I.; Baernholdt M.; Phonyiam R.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: The trend of rising T2DM prevalence is more pronounced in females and is of particular concern for pregnancy. The rate has jumped from 0.7 % to 1.5 % of all pregnancies over the past 14 years. Additionally, pregnancies affected by T2DM have higher rates of abortion and perinatal mortality compared to those with type 1 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus. The objective of the study was to explore the attitudes and confidence in managing T2DM among Thai women during pregnancy. Methods: This qualitative study was a part of a parent study using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. A purposive sampling was used. Inclusion criteria included pregnant women aged 20—44 years, diagnosed with T2DM, and able to communicate in Thai. A total of 12 Thai pregnant women with T2DM, with an average age of about 34 years old, and whose pregnancies spanned from 7 to 38 weeks of gestation. Directed content analysis was used for qualitative data analysis. Results: Twelve interviews were completed. Four main themes were identified: 1) attitudes toward diabetes self-management, 2) confidence toward diabetes self-management in pregnancy, 3) varied paths to pregnancy: planned vs. unplanned conception, and 4) navigating adjustments of diabetes self-management in pregnancy. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of enhancing preconception care and tailoring diabetes management guidance to align with cultural contexts. Supporting pregnant women with diabetes requires a comprehensive approach that incorporates behavioral, sociocultural, and systemic healthcare considerations.Item Metadata only Performance Comparison of Nonlinear Pre–Calibrate Low–Cost PM2.5 Sensors Using an SPS30 Reference(2025-10-01) Chanapromma W.; Intakot P.; Inyasri T.; Chanapromma W.; Mahidol UniversityThis research presents a performance comparison of low–cost particulate matter (PM2.5) sensors, widely used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications for air quality monitoring. Since sensor calibration is often costly, this study proposes a cost–reduction strategy by applying pre–calibration before full calibration. The SPS30 was selected as the primary reference device due to its combination of low cost and near–regulatory–grade performance. Unlike other low–cost sensors, the SPS30 benefits from factory calibration against reference instruments (e.g., TSI DustTrak DRX 8533, OPS 3330), and it has demonstrated very low intra–model variability (<1.5% for PM2.5) and strong correlations across all concentrations with Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) instruments. It is also MCERTS–certified (UK Environment Agency), confirming its compliance with PM2.5 monitoring standards. To validate the methodology, the SPS30’s accuracy was additionally examined using an air purifier in the test setup. A nonlinear mathematical model was then applied to calibrate commonly used sensors, including the Plantower PMS series (PMS7003, PMS5003, PMS3003) and SDS011. Experiments were conducted in an indoor environment at 33 ± 1°C and 69 ± 4% relative humidity. The results showed coefficient of determination values of 0.98, 0.98, 0.96, and 0.88, with root mean square error values of 1.2, 1.47, 1.84, and 3.26 for the PMS7003, PMS5003, PMS3003, and SDS011, respectively. The findings indicate that low–cost sensors, particularly the PMS7003 and PMS5003, can achieve high measurement accuracy when combined with appropriate pre–calibration and a suitable reference device. The SDS011 also demonstrated consistent performance. In addition, applying a nonlinear model reduces costs and enhances sensor reliability. For initial deployment, pre–calibration lowers expenses by approximately one–third compared to full calibration, while pairwise pre–calibration for recalibration can substantially reduce or even eliminate recurring calibration costs during long–term operation and maintenance. These results highlight the practicality of deploying low–cost sensors in air quality monitoring applications.Item Metadata only Healthy Weight Intervention Effectiveness on Weight Control Intention Among Overweight School-aged Children(2025-01-01) Nawajongphun P.; Granger J.; Buadong D.; Patoomwan A.; Nawajongphun P.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: The incidence of overweight and obese children is rising all over the world. Various factors are involved, and those deficits affect these children's physical and mental health. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research study to examine the effectiveness of a Healthy Weight Intervention (HWI) on weight control intention among overweight school-aged children using the theory of planned behavior. Participants were 9–12 years old, and there were 31 participants in each group. The study duration was six weeks for both groups. The data were collected using questionnaires on demographics, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived self-efficacy, and intention toward weight control behaviors. Descriptive, paired, and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that the experimental group's attitudes, subjective norms, perceived self-efficacy, and intention toward weight control practices were significantly higher than those of the comparison group and higher than before receiving the program (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of using an HWI designed based on the theory of planned behavior to promote weight control intention among school-aged children. However, further research is necessary to evaluate the program's long-term effectiveness, including assessing weight control behavior.Item Metadata only PM2.5 and Respiratory Symptoms among Primary Schoolchildren in Bangkok, Thailand: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study(2025-01-01) Chokprajakchad M.; Buadong D.; Singhasai L.; Jaide C.; Chokprajakchad M.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to adverse respiratory health in children. However, limited studies in Bangkok have examined the combined influence of environmental exposure and health perceptions. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between PM2.5 concentrations and respiratory symptoms among primary schoolchildren aged 7–12 years in Bangkok, across districts categorized by differing levels of air pollution. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 388 primary schoolchildren in Bangkok, recruited through cluster sampling from districts classified into three PM2.5 pollution zones based on data from the Pollution Control Department. Respiratory symptoms were assessed using the Thai standard ATS-DLD-78C questionnaire, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a significant association between environmental exposure and respiratory symptoms among children. After adjusting for potential confounders, children residing in high air pollution zones (red areas) exhibited significantly increased odds of developing bronchial asthma compared with those living in low-pollution zones (yellow areas) (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03–4.09, p < 0.001). Persistent cough, persistent phlegm, and chronic bronchitis exhibited no statistically significant associations with PM2.5 exposure levels after adjustment. Conclusion: Elevated PM2.5 exposure remains a significant risk factor for respiratory morbidity among Bangkok schoolchildren. Health perception factors strongly influence preventive behaviors, underscoring the value of theory-guided health promotion. Interventions integrating environmental monitoring and behavioral support are urgently needed to mitigate the health impacts of air pollution on urban schoolchildren.Item Metadata only Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Environmental Factors Associated With Self-directed Ageism Among Older Thai Adults(2025-01-01) Wittayanukorn J.; Katewongsa P.; Sawangdee Y.; Gray R.; Jirapramukpitak T.; Wittayanukorn J.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Self-directed ageism occurs when older adults internalize negative age-related stereotypes, a process that undermines self-esteem, reduces social participation, and leads to poorer health outcomes. Understanding the intra-personal, interpersonal, and environmental factors that contribute to self-directed ageism is essential for developing more effective interventions to reduce it. Method: Data were drawn from the Survey on Conditions of Society, Culture, and Mental Health (Thai Happiness) 2014, a nationally representative survey. Managed by checking for completeness, duplicates, and missingness, 8998 people (aged 60 years and over) were included. Factors associated with self-directed ageism were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis, taking into account the statistical assumptions. Results: Our findings revealed that older adults who had higher religious practice (OR = 0.59, p < 0.001), higher perceived physical and mental health status (OR = 0.58, p < 0.001; OR = 0.73, p < 0.01), higher altruistic behavior (OR = 0.54, p < 0.001), higher family relationships (OR = 0.63, p < 0.001), and living in a rural area community environment (OR = 0.84, p < 0.01) were significantly less likely to report self-directed ageism. Conclusion: To establish policies aimed at reducing self-directed ageism, relevant agencies should prioritize initiatives that emphasize enhancing positive self-awareness and helping older adults improve perceptions of their own physical and mental health, as well as spiritual well-being, intergenerational bonds, and social value to promote equality and acceptance of age diversity.Item Metadata only Living Arrangements and Depression Among Elderly Persons in China: A National Cross-sectional Study(2025-01-01) Lyu Y.; Paek S.C.; Kitcharoen P.; Marohabutr T.; Lyu Y.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: While the positive effect of living alone on depression among elderly persons has been demonstrated by multiple studies in China, evidence regarding other types of living arrangements, specifically considering family size, is scarce. This study assessed the effect of living arrangements, as measured by family size, on depression among elderly persons. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 6678 adults aged 60+ from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study was conducted using descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the analyzed elderly persons, 35.43 % (n = 2366) exhibited depression. Elderly persons living alone exhibited higher levels of depression than those living with two or more family members. Depression levels were not significantly different between those living with one family member and those living with two or more family members. This result highlights the importance of co-residence with family regarding depression among Chinese elderly persons and suggests that simply living with family, regardless of the number of family members, can alleviate the risk of depression. Apart from living arrangements, the results reveal social inequalities in depression, particularly in socioeconomic status and health status. Conclusion: The government should consider establishing a social network similar to existing ‘buddy programs’ that can supplement the role of family to assist elderly persons living alone in overcoming life's daily challenges. Furthermore, targeted interventions should be implemented to aid the abovementioned high-risk groups for depression, thereby alleviating the social inequalities found in this study.Item Metadata only Assessing the operational effectiveness of village health volunteers in Thailand: A structural equation modeling analysis(2025-12-30) Ounprasertsuk J.; Wannapaschaiyong P.; Tipwong A.; Ounprasertsuk J.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Village health volunteers (VHVs) play an essential role in Thailand’s primary healthcare system by promoting health, preventing diseases, and ensuring community wellbeing. However, their operational effectiveness is influenced by several key factors, including transformational leadership, employee commitment, and job satisfaction. This study investigates these relationships and their implications for sustainable community health systems. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was utilized, combining quantitative data from 280 VHVs across Thailand’s lower central region with qualitative insights gained from focus group discussions (FGDs). Structural Equation Modeling was employed to evaluate the relationships among transformationalleadership, employeecommitment, jobsatisfaction, andoperational effectiveness. Results: The findings reveal that transformational leadership significantly predicted employee commitment (β= 0.80, P< 0.001) and job satisfaction (β = 0.65, P< 0.001). Operational effectiveness was significantly predicted by employee commitment (β= 0.49, P< 0.001), transformational leadership (β = 0.26, P < 0.001), and job satisfaction (β= 0.13, P = 0.04). Together, these variables explained 68.0% of the variance in operational effectiveness. A new model termed T-E-J Performance (where T =Transformational Leadership, E = Employee Commitment, and J = Job Satisfaction) has been developed to guide strategic improvements. Conclusion: To sustain effective community health programs, it is vital to enhance leadership capabilities, improve job satisfaction, and foster commitment among VHVs. These findings offer actionable insights for policymakers to create leadership training programs, enhance incentives, and implement strategies for workforce retention. Strengthening VHV systems can significantly contribute to sustainable healthcare delivery and health equity in Thailand.