Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only Outcomes of Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer Treatment in Patients with Lymphedema(2025-06-01) Kotistienkul B.; Yongsuvimol M.; Poungjantaradej N.; Taweepraditpol S.; Kotistienkul B.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of patients with lymphedema treated with vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 28 patients who underwent VLNT procedures at Siriraj Hospital between 2010 and 2020. Data collected included patient demographics, underlying diseases, previous cancer treatments, duration of lymphedema, etiology of lymphedema, donor and recipient sites, operative time, and limb circumference measurements were taken pre-operatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Additionally, postoperative complications were documented and analyzed. Results: The review identified various underlying diseases associated with lymphedema, mostly linked to cancer. Noteworthy cancer treatments included node dissection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The etiology of lymphedema varied, with multiple donor and recipient sites used for VLNT procedures. Postoperative limb circumference measurements showed significant percentage reduction in limb circumference, particularly in patients with upper limb lymphedema (p<0.05), while the lower limb showed no statistical significance. Postoperative complications included flap necrosis, flap congestion, flap hematoma, and cellulitis. Conclusion: Our retrospective analysis underscores the effectiveness of VLNT procedures in managing lymphedema at Siriraj Hospital. Despite the diverse etiologies and prior treatments, VLNT demonstrated favorable outcomes in terms of limb circumference reduction, particularly in upper extremities. Further prospective analytic studies are warranted to validate these findings and optimize treatment protocols.Item Metadata only Effects of frugivore species pool and seed size on the diversity and functional composition of frugivores visiting fruiting trees(2025-10-08) Naniwadekar R.; Gopal A.; Mandal R.; Jayanth A.; Sriprasertsil V.; Ghuman S.; Page N.; Chaplod S.; Lad H.; Gadkari A.; Chandran V.; Desai N.A.; Kadam R.; Strange B.C.; Chimchome V.; Gale G.A.; Joshi J.; Naniwadekar R.; Mahidol UniversityThe relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in seed dispersal remains understudied despite its critical role in maintaining plant diversity in the tropics. Field studies on this relationship are often confounded by environmental and phylogenetic variations across species richness gradients. We examined how overall avian frugivore species richness at a site influenced the frugivore richness, visitation rates and functional composition of two key effect traits (beak width and hand-wing index) on fruiting trees. Across six sites in tropical Asia, spanning a sevenfold gradient in frugivore species richness but with similar forest types and phylogenetically nested frugivore communities, we recorded 34 014 interactions between 138 avian frugivores and 131 woody plant species. Our results provide some support for the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship, as higher overall frugivore species richness increased the number of frugivore species visiting individual fruiting trees but not the functional composition of frugivores. Seed size had a stronger influence on the frugivore species richness, visitation rates and the beak size of visiting frugivores, highlighting the dominant role of morphological trait matching in influencing plant-frugivore interactions. Our findings suggest functional redundancy in certain aspects of seed dispersal effectiveness due to density compensation and the presence of key seed disperser lineages in species-poor sites.Item Metadata only Erratum: Immunogenicity and safety of the live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK-003) co-administered with recombinant 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine (Vaccine (2025) 62, (S0264410X25008552), (10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127558))(2025-01-01) El Hindi T.; Anugulruengkitt S.; Lapphra K.; Limkittikul K.; Tangsathapornpong A.; Galindo C.M.; Hellwig M.; Roubinis N.; Schuring R.; Biswal S.; Folschweiller N.; El Hindi T.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: The tetravalent dengue vaccine TAK-003 and the 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine regimens are potentially compatible, with overlapping target age groups, facilitating inclusion of TAK-003 into established immunization programs. Methods: This phase 3, open-label, randomized, multicenter trial was conducted in Thailand to investigate the immunogenicity and safety of co-administration of TAK-003 with 9vHPV in healthy participants aged ≥9 to <15 years. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either Group 1 (9vHPV + TAK-003 Month [M]0, TAK-003 M3, 9vHPV M6) or Group 2 (9vHPV M0 and M6) and followed up for 6 months after last vaccination. The primary objective was non-inferiority (NI) (upper bound of the 95 % confidence intervals for the HPV total immunoglobulin G (IgG) level ratio < 1.5) of the immune response to 9vHPV co-administered with TAK-003 versus 9vHPV alone at M7 (1 month after the last 9vHPV dose). Safety was assessed for all participants who received at least one vaccine dose. Results: The trial was completed by 606/614 (98.7 %) participants and 477/614 (77.7 %) participants were included in the per-protocol set (PPS) (Group 1 = 242; Group 2 = 235). Total HPV IgG levels for HPV types ranged from 504 to 7778 mMU/mL in Group 1 and 561 to 7823 mMU/mL in Group 2 at M7 and NI was demonstrated for all HPV types. Seropositivity rates at M4 were ≥99.6 % for all dengue serotypes. No new safety risks were identified from this trial. Conclusions: These findings support the co-administration of the TAK-003 and 9vHPV vaccines. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT04313244.Item Metadata only Efficacy and safety of curcumin in patients with hand osteoarthritis: a pilot double-blinded randomised controlled trial(2025-10-06) Tuntiyatorn P.; Lerspongpaibool C.; Kanchanathepsak T.; Watcharananan I.; Tawonsawatruk T.; Tuntiyatorn P.; Mahidol UniversityBACKGROUND: Curcumin, a substance in Turmeric spices, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties in several preclinical studies. However, there is limited research on the efficacy and side effects of oral curcumin in treating hand osteoarthritis. Thus, the primary aim of this pilot study was to assess the therapeutic effects and potential adverse effects of curcumin in patients with hand osteoarthritis, specifically in terms of pain reduction, improvement in functional outcomes, and relevant blood test parameters. METHOD: This pilot prospective double-blind, randomized controlled trial included patients over 50 years old diagnosed with hand osteoarthritis. Participants received a three-month oral administration of either a turmeric capsule containing curcumin (170 mg/day) or a placebo. The outcomes measures included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, hand grip and pinch strength, as well as side effects and blood tests at one, two, three, and six months. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled in this study-13 in the curcumin group and 14 in the placebo group. Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups. Although patients in the curcumin group showed reductions in VAS pain scores and improvements in DASH scores after one month, the differences were not statistically significant. However, by the third month, patients in the curcumin group demonstrated significant reductions in VAS pain scores at rest and during activity compared to the baseline scores, with mean differences of 1.37 ± 0.64 (p-value = 0.032) and 1.74 ± 0.73 (p-value = 0.017), respectively. Additionally, their DASH scores improved significantly with a mean difference of 11.84 ± 5.88 (p = 0.044). One patient in the curcumin group experienced gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, leading to withdrawal from the study, but no other adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this pilot study, the authors conclude that a three-month regimen of low-dose oral curcumin may improve pain and functional scores in patients with hand osteoarthritis compared to placebo. However, GI discomfort remains a potential side effect to monitor. Overall, curcumin appears to be a safe and feasible alternative treatment option for hand osteoarthritis, and a larger, definitive randomised controlled trial is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial has been registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry(TCTR) database. The identification number is TCTR20210929003.Item Metadata only Mechanical power in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the surgical intensive care unit and its association with increased mortality: a retrospective cohort study(2025-10-05) Piriyapatsom A.; Trisukhonth A.; Chintabanyat O.; Thanakiattiwibun C.; Piriyapatsom A.; Mahidol UniversityINTRODUCTION: A potential correlation between mechanical power (MP) and clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients has been reported. Limited data exist regarding MP among patients admitted to surgical intensive care units (SICUs) who require mechanical ventilation (MV) support. The primary objective of this study was to determine MP in mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the SICU, and the secondary objective was to explore whether MP was associated with clinical outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study conducted at the SICU of the tertiary university-based hospital included 283 postoperative patients admitted to the SICU who required MV support for ≥12 hours. Ventilator parameters were recorded at MV initiation and 24 hours, and MP was subsequently computed. Cox regression analysis was employed to assess the association between MP and 90-day mortality. RESULTS: MP at MV initiation and 24 hours were median 11.9 (IQR 8.6-17.1) J/min and 11.9 (8.9-16.8) J/min, respectively. MP was significantly higher in non-survivors both at MV initiation and 24 hours (15.4 (12.5-21.2) J/min vs 11 (8.3-15.6) J/min, p<0.001 and 15.9 (10.6-20.2) J/min vs 10.9 (8.5-15.4) J/min, p=0.001, respectively). MP ≥12 J/min at MV initiation was associated with increased 90-day mortality (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.48), particularly among patients with high acuity, those at a high risk of acute lung injury and those who did not receive lung protective ventilation. In patients with MP ≥12 J/min at MV initiation, a subsequent rise in MP of ≥5 J/min at 24 hours was correlated with accentuated 90-day mortality. CONCLUSION: Among mechanically ventilated patients in the SICU, MP at the initiation and at 24 hours of MV support was approximately 12 J/min. An elevated MP was an independent predictor of elevated 90-day mortality, especially in cases with high illness acuity. Alterations in MP during MV support could impact the 90-day mortality in these individuals.Item Metadata only Sustainable one-pot synthesized sulfonated carbon from Para rubber tree bark: An efficient adsorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction of tetracyclines and chloramphenicol in environmental and food samples(2025-11-01) Prapatpong P.; Ponhong K.; Nilnit T.; Lee C.Y.; Jumpanon S.; Supharoek S.a.; Prapatpong P.; Mahidol UniversityAntibiotic residues in food and the environment pose a serious public health hazard. This study investigated the novel application of sulfonated carbon, synthesized via a facile one-pot sulfuric acid procedure from para rubber tree bark agricultural waste, as a highly efficient natural adsorbent. The material was comprehensively characterized by FTIR, XPS, XRD, TEM, SEM, BET, and zeta potential and exhibited favorable properties for the dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) of five antibiotics (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol). Under the synergistic combination of DSPE with HPLC-UV detection, our proposed method achieved excellent linearity (7.0–300 μg L−1, R2 more than 0.9893), significant enrichment factors (5.6–64.6), and low limits of detection (LODs: 5.0–7.0 μg L−1) and quantitation (LOQs: 7.0–13.0 μg L−1), with recoveries ranging from 70.0 % to 120.3 %. Our developed method successfully quantified target antibiotic residues in diverse matrices including water, soil, and milk. This research highlighted the potential of waste-derived sulfonated carbon as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative for robust monitoring of antibiotic pollutants in complex samples to promote environmental protection and food safety.Item Metadata only Musical interventions for comfort Care in Critically ill Children: A systematic review(2025-01-01) Chaiyakulsil C.; Kusolmanomai B.; Chantra M.; Chaiyakulsil C.; Mahidol UniversityBACKGROUND: Evidence supporting the use of musical intervention in the PICU is still limited. This systematic review aims to examine the current literature on musical interventions for sedation, analgesia, and delirium in critically ill children. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, PUBMED, Google Scholar, and EMBASE from inception until December 31, 2024, using relevant medical subject headings and specific search terms. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Strategy was followed for article selection. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility. Risk of bias was assessed, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE methodology. RESULTS: Seven studies were included in the final analysis (1 randomized crossover trial, 3 randomized controlled trials, and 3 pretest-posttest studies). Due to the risk of bias, heterogeneity, and small sample sizes, the overall quality of evidence was rated as low. The review found that musical intervention led to a decline in heart rate in 5 studies, reduced procedural pain in 2 studies, and increased comfort in 4 studies. No improvement in delirium scores was observed in one single-center pilot study. CONCLUSIONS: Although evidence is limited, musical intervention shows promise as a non-pharmacologic option for sedation and analgesia in critically ill children in the PICU. Further research is needed to explore its effects on pediatric delirium.Item Metadata only Establishment of the integration-free Class I and Class II 11 loci homozygous HLA iPSC line (MUSIi023-A) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a Thai donor(2025-10-01) Jiamvoraphong N.; Nimsamer P.; Wongsurawat T.; Lorthongpanich C.; Laowtammathron C.; Issaragrisil S.; Jiamvoraphong N.; Mahidol UniversityPluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based technologies offer a promising new approach to generating functional cells or grafts for transplantation. To minimize the risk of immune rejection, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that are homozygous for HLA Class I and Class II genes are a potential solution to reduce the risk of immune rejection in regenerative medicine applications. In this study, MUSIi023-A iPSC line was generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a Thai donor with 11 loci homozygous HLA. This cell line is free of viral integration, exhibited pluripotent stem cell characteristics and able to differentiate to all embryonic lineages.Item Metadata only Synthesis of carbon quantum dots based on hemp leaves and cysteamine for latent fingerprint detection and their potential therapeutic anticancer application(2025-10-07) Kampangta R.; Saenchoopa A.; Obrom W.; Thet Tun W.S.; Muanprasat C.; Maeda K.; Suwannapaporn P.; Suppaso C.; Seemakram W.; Boonlue S.; Kulchat S.; Kampangta R.; Mahidol UniversityIn this study, an eco-friendly one-pot hydrothermal method was used to synthesize carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using hemp leaves and cysteamine hydrochloride as the carbon and nitrogen-sulfur sources, respectively. Synthesized carbon quantum dots (HC-CQDs) were developed to achieve the clear detection of latent fingerprints (LFPs) on non-porous materials under UV-light, and their nontoxicity to humans was verified by testing on cancer cells. HC-CQDs characterized by various techniques exhibited a high quantum yield of 36.1%, and their excitation and emission peaks appeared at 354 and 434 nm, respectively. For the detection of LFPs, we prepared a fluorescence fingerprint powder utilizing HC-CQDs, cellulose nanofiber (CNF), chitosan, and cassava starch. Results showed a complete fingerprint, and it was possible to clearly identify the location and type of defects on the fingerprint (minutiae). Additionally, we performed MTT assays to understand the effect of HC-CQDs on cell viability in cancer cell lines. HC-CQDs exhibited pronounced anti-cancer activity against A549 lung carcinoma cells while demonstrating negligible cytotoxic effects on normal Vero cells. Therefore, this study successfully developed plant-based fluorescent carbon quantum dots, which can be used to prepare a fluorescent powder for detecting LFPs that is safe for forensic scientists. These HC-CQDs also possess potential in inhibiting A549 lung cancer cells, which could be further developed in the medical field.Item Metadata only Evaluating the impact of visual training on athletic performance: a systematic review of key interventions (2012–2022)(2025-01-01) Ramyarangsi P.; Nanbancha A.; Pokaisasawan A.; Khobkhun F.; Ajjimaporn A.; Ramyarangsi P.; Mahidol UniversityPurpose. Visual skills are fundamental for athletic performance, yet studies present mixed evidence regarding the efficacy of visual training, with variations in methodologies and sport-specific applicability contributing to the ongoing debate. This systematic review evaluated various visual training interventions on athletes’ performance from 2012 to 2022. Methods. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane (2012–2022) using terms such as ‘visual training’, ‘sports vision’, and ‘cognitive-motor training’ identified 24 eligible randomised controlled trials based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Fourteen distinct visual training programs were analysed, with Quiet Eye Training, Stroboscopic Training, and 3D-MOT Training being the most frequently investigated. Quiet Eye Training improved accuracy, gaze control, and stress regulation. Stroboscopic Training enhanced visuomotor coordination, although its effects on visual perception varied. 3D-MOT Training improved the ability to track multiple moving objects, particularly benefiting dynamic sports such as soccer. However, not all programs yielded significant performance gains, emphasising the importance of sport-specific training approaches. Conclusions. A key limitation was the variation in study designs and outcomes, which hindered direct comparisons. This review highlights the potential of visual training to improve athletic performance and underscores the need for future research with standardised protocols, larger sample sizes, and stronger emphasis on sport-specific applications and individual differences among athletes.Item Metadata only Co-metabolic breakdown of LDPE microplastics in PGPR-Assisted phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil(2025-01-01) Mo Yang K.; Poolpak T.; Saengwilai P.; Pokethitiyook P.; Kruatrachue M.; Mo Yang K.; Mahidol UniversityA 90-day pot study investigated the effect of low-density polyethylene microplastics (LDPE MPs) on bioaugmented phytoremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil using lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and Micrococcus luteus WN01 (PGPR). Plant growth, root morphology, root exudates, microbial population, dehydrogenase activity, residual TPH concentration, and LDPE MP degradation were evaluated. M. luteus significantly increased plant biomass and improved TPH degradation by 79.16% and 64.43%, which were 25.04% and 15.85% higher than uninoculated treatments. M. luteus inoculation still led to higher TPH removal compared to uninoculated treatments despite MP-induced alterations in plant biochemical and morphological traits. GC/MS analysis of lemongrass root exudates showed that M. luteus enriched plants with GABA-associated allelochemicals. FTIR analysis indicated accelerated oxidation of LDPE MPs in planted treatments compared to unplanted ones, evidenced by increased absorbance at characteristic peaks (3620.71 cm−1 O-H stretching, 1651 cm−1 C=O stretching, and 1031.10 cm−1 C-O stretching). This strongly suggests a co-metabolic breakdown of LDPE MPs within the plant rhizosphere (a degradation hotspot). Lemongrass essential oil was not significantly affected by the contaminant or M. luteus. This study highlights the lemongrass-M. luteus association as a promising candidate for the remediation of both petroleum- and MP-contaminated soil, with the added benefit of essential oil production.Item Metadata only Effects of flossing technique and core stabilization exercise on the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain - A randomized controlled trial(2025-12-01) Wongcharoen C.; Sakulsriprasert P.; Bunprajun T.; Jensen M.P.; Sornkaew K.; Wongcharoen C.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Flossing technique (FT) is used as an adjunct to traditional exercise interventions aiming to enhance neuromuscular activation, improve circulation, and increase the range of motion. This study aimed to determine core stabilization exercise (CSE) combined with the FT in improving muscle thickness, functional capacity, pain levels, and disability in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Methods: A total of 42 individuals with CNSLBP aged between 18 and 45 years were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: CSE-FT, CSE alone, or control (CON). Each intervention group performed exercises for six weeks, three times per week. Pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 2-Minute Step Test (2MST), 5-Time Sit-to-Stand Test (5TSST), and muscle thickness of transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles were measured at baseline and 6 weeks. Results: Pain during aggravation significantly decreased in the CSE-FT and CSE groups compared to the control group (p < .001). The ODI scores, the CSE-FT group exhibiting the most notable reductions (p < .001). Significant improvements in the 2MST were noted in both intervention groups, with CSE-FT demonstrating superior results (p < .001), while the 5TSST did not exhibit significant improvements. The CSE-FT group showed significantly greater increases in TrA and LM thickness compared to the CSE and CON groups (p < .001). Conclusions: Adding FT to CSE enhances the effectiveness of core stabilization exercises by reducing pain and disability, improving functional capacity, and increasing muscle thickness in individuals with CNSLBP.Item Metadata only Discovery of diverse anellovirus sequences in Thai human sequencing data(2025-10-07) Phumiphanjarphak W.; Parkbhorn J.; Ngamphiw C.; Tongsima S.; Aiewsakun P.; Phumiphanjarphak W.; Mahidol UniversityAnelloviruses are part of the normal human viral flora. Although their diversity in humans has been investigated in many countries, and despite their initial detection in Thailand in 1999, knowledge of Thai anelloviruses remains very limited. This study analyzed 1,175 whole-genome sequencing data sets from Thai individuals to mine for potential anellovirus sequences. Our analyses detected anellovirus sequences in 149 data sets (12.68%), uncovering 434 partial anellovirus sequences and 77 complete genome sequences, characterized by the presence of terminal redundancy, complete orf1, and the conserved untranslated region upstream of the orf1 gene. Sequence analyses indicated that these viruses belong to seven genera, including Alphatorquevirus, Betatorquevirus, Gammatorquevirus, Hetorquevirus, Lamedtorquevirus, Samektorquevirus, and Yodtorquevirus. Notably, Hetorquevirus, Lamedtorquevirus, Samektorquevirus, and Yodtorquevirus had not previously been reported in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF1 protein sequences showed that Thai anelloviruses form multiple phylogenetic clusters with non-Thai anelloviruses, indicating frequent cross-country transmission and multiple origins of the virus in Thailand. Furthermore, sequence similarity network analysis identified 33 potentially novel anellovirus species in our data set. Our findings greatly expand the knowledge of anellovirus diversity in Thailand and demonstrate the potential of human whole-genome sequencing data as a valuable resource for viral discovery. Lastly, we highlight and discuss some challenges with the use of the current pairwise sequence similarity-based classification scheme, in particular, how gaps can influence similarity calculation and potentially lead to inconsistencies with a phylogenetic-based classification scheme. IMPORTANCE: Anelloviruses are widespread in humans, yet their diversity remains poorly characterized in many regions, including Thailand. Here, we demonstrate that human sequencing data sets, originally generated without the intention for virome research, can be effectively mined for anellovirus sequences, including complete genomes. Our findings reveal a substantial number of previously unreported anelloviruses in Thailand, significantly expanding the known diversity of the virus. We also highlight potential limitations of the current anellovirus species classification scheme, which is based on pairwise orf1 sequence similarity analysis with a hard threshold cutoff at 69%. Our results reveal that the current scheme can sometimes yield taxonomic groupings that are inconsistent with phylogenetic relationships, particularly when significant alignment gaps are present. Overall, our results show that existing human sequencing data can be effectively repurposed for virus discovery research and suggest the need for more robust and phylogenetically informed classification frameworks as viral sequence databases continue to expand.Item Metadata only ON THE ISSUE OF REMITTANCES BY EXPATRIATES FROM CENTRAL ASIA TO RUSSIA DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC UNDER THE PRISM OF MIGRATION NEOCLASSICAL THEORY(2025-12-15) Ryazantsev S.V.; Ryazantsev N.S.; Khramova M.N.; Ryazantsev S.V.; Mahidol UniversityThe coronavirus crucially impacted working and living conditions of labor migrant workers within migration corridor between Central Asian states and the Russia Federation. It remains prior destination for labor migration in this entire macro-region. According to concepts of classic migration theories, migration flows are to be primarily determined by quite clear monetary factor - differences in working opportunities and wages - between labor markets of developing countries as donor and developed countries as receiver. The formed imbalance manifesting exactly in possibility for labor migrants to send repeated remittances to relatives back home, between very diverse post-Soviet states is one of these cases. However, despite crucially increased vulnerability in sphere of finances and employment, as well as complete uncertainty concerning nearest future, among labor migrants during peak in April of the first one, but the most damaging wave of propagation of new COVID-19 epidemic in Russia and highly likely following lack of attractiveness in immigration as such, migrants did continue to opt for further work and life there. Therefore, all this calls into question concept that most important argument in favor of labor migration is very potential possibility to earn more money abroad because other aspects and/or their combination also play no less role.Item Metadata only The impact of systemic inflammatory markers on EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer(2025-10-04) Wangsubtawee S.; Thamrongjirapat T.; Trachu N.; Incharoen P.; Jinawath N.; Cheyasawan P.; Monnamo N.; Munthum D.; Reungwetwattana N.; Amponnavarat S.; Sanvarinda P.; Chairoungdua A.; Ngodngamtaweesuk M.; Khiewngam K.; Sirachainan E.; Chansriwong P.; Dejthevaporn T.; Reungwetwattana T.; Lumjiaktase P.; Wangsubtawee S.; Mahidol UniversityBACKGROUND: High prevalence of EGFRm lung cancer was found in the Asian population. Preclinical data suggest that inflammatory cytokines activated by PM2.5 affected EGFRm clone expansion. Here, we explored the correlation between inflammatory markers and EGFRm NSCLC. METHODS: Resected NSCLC patients (2016-2023) were enrolled. Tumor tissues and blood serum were retrieved from Ramathibodi tumor biobank. EGFR 19del and L858R mutations were performed by rt-PCR in cancerous tissue and dPCR in normal tissue in the same patient. NF-Kb and STAT3 protein signaling were measured by ELISA in both cancerous and normal tissue. Cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-α) were explored in serum by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Among 140 patients, EGFRm prevalence was 58% in cancerous tissue but only 5% in normal tissue. NF-kB and STAT3 were statistically higher in cancerous tissue than normal tissue [NF-kB median O.D.=0.82 (IQR; 0.07-2.82) vs. 0.32 (IQR; 0.05-2.48), P < 0.001; STAT3 median O.D.=0.32 (IQR; 0.10-1.58) vs. 0.17 (IQR; 0.06-1.29, P < 0.001]. STAT3 was significantly increased in EGFRm compared to EGFRwt [median O.D.=0.36 (IQR; 0.234-0.592) vs. 0.23 (IQR; 0.158-0.409), OR = 11.09 (95% CI; 2.17-56.58), P = 0.004]. TNF-α, IL-10, and STAT3 in cancer cells were higher in EGFRm than EGFRwt (P = 0.003, 0.008, and < 0.001, respectively). None of cytokines was statistically different between EGFRm and EGFRwt patients. However, only STAT3 in cancer cells and non-smoker were associated with EGFRm NSCLC in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: Inflammation could be one of the pathogenesis of both NSCLC and EGFRm lung cancer as we demonstrated in our pilot study. STAT3 is a potentially inflammatory-predictive biomarkers. Larger cohort is needed.Item Metadata only Identifying Priorities for Enhancing Village Health Volunteer's Mental Health Recovery Practices in Thai Rural Communities: A Nominal Group Technique Study(2025-10-01) Khanthavudh C.; Grealish A.; Tzouvara V.; Leamy M.; Khanthavudh C.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: World Health Organization (WHO) and Thailand's national policy both advocate for recovery-oriented, community-based mental healthcare. Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) in Thailand have limited involvement in mental health services despite their pivotal role in Thai primary healthcare, especially in rural settings. This study aims to engage stakeholders to identify and prioritise key areas for VHVs' role expansion, stigma reduction, training needs, and common mental health conditions, thereby enhancing VHVs' contributions to recovery-oriented mental healthcare in rural Thai communities. Methods: The study utilised the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). Eight VHVs, six individuals with mental health challenges and caregivers, and four healthcare professionals (HCPs), from three rural sub-districts in Northern Thailand, were purposively and conveniently recruited. Three NGT groups were formed: in-person for service providers (VHVs and HCPs) and service users/caregivers, and online for HCPs. Through structured stages of idea generation, sharing, discussion and ranking, participants identified their top five priorities. Ranked priorities were synthesised, and transcripts were analysed using content analysis. Results: Eighteen participants attended one of three NGT groups. Collectively, these groups generated 94 ideas in response to four questions. Four themes were identified: (1) Expansion of VHV's mental health role, including vocational support, family support, emotional support and community reintegration; (2) Stigma reduction, focusing on changing attitudes, implementing a buddy system and enhancing mental health literacy; (3) Training needs including training related to stigma reduction, improving communication skills and providing mental health awareness education; and (4) Common mental health conditions, including psychosis and depression. Conclusion: The prioritisation among the three groups varies. High priorities include vocational support, family support, community reintegration and counselling skills. Addressing stigma is a starting point and can be achieved through increased awareness and literacy. Future research should focus on tailored stigma interventions and trainings to support VHVs in providing effective, recovery-oriented care in these communities. Patient or Public Contribution: Six patient and public involvement (PPI) advisors participated in the study, comprising two VHVs, one mental health nurse, one caregiver and one peer support worker, to ensure research relevance and applicability. The PPI reviewed the Thai NGT questions to assess the appropriateness of language, particularly in relation to mental health and stigma, leading to minor modifications in wording. Additionally, two VHVs and one caregiver assisted in piloting the questions to evaluate their validity and appropriateness and offered feedback on the procedure, content and timing. They recommended using probing questions to elicit more detailed responses and ensuring concise content to maintain participant engagement.Item Metadata only Decomposing Food Images for Better Nutrition Analysis: a Nutritionist-Inspired Two-Step Multimodal Llm Approach(2025-01-01) Khlaisamniang P.; Kerdthaisong K.; Vorathammathorn S.; Yongsatianchot N.; Phimsiri H.; Chinkamol A.; Thitseesaeng T.; Veerakanjana K.; Kachai K.; Ittichaiwong P.; Saengja T.; Khlaisamniang P.; Mahidol UniversityAccurate estimation of nutritional information from food images remains a challenging problem. Most existing approaches rely on deep image models fine-tuned with extensive food annotations or require detailed user inputs (e.g., portion size, cooking method), both of which are prone to error. Motivated by the workflow of nutrition experts, we propose a two-step prompting framework leveraging off-the-shelf Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). The first step deconstructs the dish into its components listing major ingredients, portion sizes, and cooking details while the second step computes total calories and macronutrients. This approach alleviates the need for heavy fine-tuning or large ingredient databases, by instead harnessing the compositional reasoning capabilities of general MLLMs. We evaluate the method on both a subset of the Nutrition5k dataset (Nutrition320) and real-world samples from the Gindee application (Gindee121), achieving more accurate estimates than one-step direct queries. Additional experiments with visual prompts (bounding boxes, segmentation masks) further demonstrate the robustness and adaptability of our approach. Notably, our findings reveal that guiding MLLMs through a structured two-step reasoning process-separating 'what is on the plate' from 'how it translates nutritionally'-substantially improves the reliability of image-based macronutrient estimation.Item Metadata only Purification of peroxide-prevulcanised natural rubber latex: Unveiling the mechanistic role of proteins and enhancing mechanical and dynamic performances(2025-11-02) Nimpaiboon A.; Sriring M.; Watcharakan T.; Havanapan P.o.; Phungthanom N.; Tumwised P.; Sirisinha C.; Suchiva K.; Nimpaiboon A.; Mahidol UniversityPeroxide-based vulcanisation of natural rubber (NR) latex has attracted significant interest as a safer and cleaner alternative to the conventional sulphur-based system. In this study, NR latices both before and after enzymatic deproteinisation were vulcanised using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and fructose to systematically investigate changes in allergenic protein, vulcanisation efficiency, and the mechanical and dynamic properties of the resulting vulcanisates. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed that the vulcanisation process modified certain allergenic proteins. Vulcanised NR film exhibited effective crosslinking, achieving relatively high mechanical strength (15.90 MPa) and favourable dynamic mechanical performance. In contrast, deproteinised NR (DPNR) film showed markedly reduced vulcanisation efficiency, resulting in relatively low tensile strength (1.67 MPa). These findings suggest that proteins facilitate redox-mediated vulcanisation, likely acting as reducing agents that promote radical initiation and potentially participate in the formation of additional radicals and crosslinks of rubber chains through protein-derived radicals. To enhance latex purity while maintaining essential material properties, NR latex vulcanised at 60°C for 3 h was purified by repeated surfactant washing and compared with enzymatic proteolysis. The results demonstrated that allergenic and extractable proteins, as well as other extractable contaminants, in the vulcanised NR latex were effectively eliminated through multiple washing cycles, with even greater efficiency achieved through enzymatic treatment. Importantly, the purified films retained good mechanical and dynamic properties, highlighting the successful preparation of high-purity prevulcanised NR latex suitable for medical applications.Item Metadata only DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND ENERGY RECOVERY IN URBAN SETTINGS: PERFORMANCE OF A MODIFIED SEPTIC TANK-MICROBIAL FUEL CELL SYSTEM(2025-10-01) Larasati D.; Setiyawan A.S.; Surinkul N.; Va V.; Larasati D.; Mahidol UniversityMicrobial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology has attracted interest for its dual role in wastewater treatment and energy generation. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a Modified Septic Tank-Microbial Fuel Cell (MST-MFC) for office domestic wastewater treatment, focusing on organic matter, ammonia removal, and electricity generation. Methodology and results: In this study, synthetic wastewater was prepared to simulate the typical composition of domestic effluent from office buildings. The main variables measured in this study included pH, temperature, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and ammonia levels. A 196 L reactor (36 h HRT) with anoxic, anaerobic, aerobic, and sedimentation zones was equipped with three pairs of zinc–copper electrodes (2 cm spacing) placed in anaerobic (anode) and aerobic (cathode) chambers. Synthetic wastewater with controlled COD:N:P ratios was applied at two organic loading rates (OLRs): 7 and 11.94 mg COD/L.h. At the lower OLR, COD removal reached 100% versus 93.85% at the higher OLR. Ammonia removal was also higher (27.61% vs. 17.59%), while electricity generation peaked with 461.88 mV, 355.67 mW/m2, and 0.0970% Coulombic efficiency. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The MST-MFC showed strong potential for decentralized wastewater treatment with energy recovery, though limited ammonia removal indicates further optimization is needed, with OLR as a key factor.Item Metadata only Ergonomic Risks and Musculoskeletal Pain among Office Workers in a Healthcare Setting: A CrossSectional Study(2025-06-01) Phoonjaroen P.; Utaiwattana N.; Thawisuk C.; Phoonjaroen P.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: The primary aim of this study is to assess ergonomic risks among office workers at the Golden Jubilee Medical Center using the Rapid Office Strain Assessment Thai version (Thai ROSA). Additionally, the study explores the relationship between ergonomic risks and pain, considering the multifaceted nature of work-related discomfort. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 147 office workers who regularly use desktop computers. The Thai ROSA tool was employed for ergonomic risk assessment. Self-report questionnaires, including a pain questionnaire and health behavior assessment, were utilized. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses, were applied to interpret the data. Results: While the majority of participants reported low ergonomic risk, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, particularly in the neck and lower back, was noteworthy. Surprisingly, discrepancies were observed between Thai ROSA-assessed ergonomic risks and reported pain levels. Conclusion: The study highlights the pervasive issue of musculoskeletal pain among office workers, urging comprehensive strategies beyond conventional ergonomic assessments. Despite low Thai ROSA-assessed risks, a substantial portion reported discomfort, emphasizing the need for refined ergonomic tools and workplace interventions. Encouraging healthy behaviors is crucial for overall well-being, and future research should explore the intricate interplay between physical and mental factors contributing to work-related pain.