Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only Comparative effects of standardized Centella asiatica extract (ECa 233) and its active compound mixture on proteomics and mitochondrial function(2025-12-01) Boondam Y.; Pakaprot N.; Yang M.C.; Sandech N.; Maiuthed A.; Samer J.; Prasittisa K.; Ruanpang J.; Care C.; Chuayboon S.; Boondam Y.; Mahidol UniversityECa 233 is a standardized extract of Centella asiatica that contains the major active compounds madecassoside (MDS) and asiaticoside (ASS), which can strengthen hippocampal synapses, resulting in a memory-enhancing effect. This study explored the possible mechanisms of ECa 233 related to synaptic enhancement via proteomic analysis. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and hippocampal slices obtained from healthy male Wistar rats were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide, ECa 233, or the MDS + ASS mixture. Mitochondrial function and protein expression were examined via proteomic, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses. Effects on synaptic plasticity were confirmed via electrophysiology using acute hippocampal slices. The treated groups exhibited a significant increase in mitochondrial activity and synaptic plasticity–related protein expression. Upstream Akt-mTOR signaling was significantly enhanced, with the most pronounced effects observed in the MDS + ASS group. However, the ECa 233 group still showed the highest hippocampal synaptic response. Based on our data, both ECa 233 and MDS + ASS were involved in mitochondrial metabolism, with the Akt-mTOR pathway as one of the targets promoting these activities. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of MDS + ASS was essential to achieve the same level of response obtained with ECa 233. Ultimately, the MDS + ASS mixture may enhance cellular plasticity, while the remaining components of ECa 233 may promote specific proteins that play a role in maintaining biological homeostasis.Item Metadata only Hypovirulence induced by mycovirus colletotrichum gloeosporioides RNA virus 1 strain Ssa-44.1 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides: Insights from a multi-omics analysis of host-virus interactions(2025-12-01) Hassan M.K.; Sun L.; Jirakkakul J.; Saithong T.; Kalapanulak S.; Krobthong S.; Maiuthed A.; Yodying Y.; Permana B.H.; Salaipeth L.; Hassan M.K.; Mahidol UniversityMycovirus infections significantly impact fungal virulence and physiology, inducing either hypovirulence or hypervirulence. This study investigated the hypovirulent effects of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides RNA virus 1 (CgRV1-Ssa-44.1) infection on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using multi-omics approaches. Transcriptomic analysis identified 261 differentially expressed genes (141 up-regulated, 120 down-regulated), while LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analyses revealed 2222 proteins, including 19 unique to virus-infected samples and 649 unique to virus-free samples. These results highlighted extensive gene and protein expression alterations, emphasizing profound impacts on the host cellular process. Changes in membrane-associated terms and cell wall-related processes suggested that the virus may exploit host structures to facilitate horizontal transfer. The disruption of carbohydrate metabolism and pathways, such as the non-sense mediated mRNA decay (NMD) system, reflected sophisticated viral strategies for suppressing host defenses and redirecting resources for its benefit. Notably, Upregulated genes, such as sorbose reductase and COMPASS complex component SWD2, pointed to adaptive response to stress and survival mechanisms during viral infection. Conversely, downregulated genes like elongation factor 3, survival factor 1, and zuotin, indicated viral manipulation of host cellular machinery to subvert normal processes. Real-time PCR validated these transcriptional changes, confirming the robustness of the findings. The study demonstrates a complex host-virus interplay, where fungal metabolic and adaptive pathways are intricately targeted and exploited. These findings underscore the dual nature of viral subversion strategies, balancing host suppression with survival adaptation. Future functional analyses of key pathways will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal-virus interactions and coevolution. This knowledge could guide the development of novel antifungal strategies applicable to similar host-pathogen systems.Item Metadata only Removal of 17alpha-methyltestosterone and its androgenic activity by biofilter reactors: An implication to prevent environmental contamination from Nile tilapia production industry(2025-10-01) Homklin S.; Satiraphan M.; Thayanukul P.; Charanaipayuk N.; Yagi T.; Limpiyakorn T.; Homklin S.; Mahidol UniversityThe synthetic androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) has been widely employed to produce all-male populations in Nile tilapia farming. Improper treatment of aquaculture effluent may lead to the release of unconsumed or unmetabolized MT into surrounding water bodies, posing potential risks to aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluated the efficacy of biofilter reactors in removing MT and its associated androgenic activity from discharge. To promote biofilm formation, laboratory-scale biofilter reactors were supplied with synthetic freshwater containing MT-free pulverized fish feed. Compared to control reactors without biofilm, the biofilm reactors exhibited significantly greater MT removal efficiency (47.0 ± 0.8 % vs. 8.8 ± 2.7 %), highlighting the crucial role of biofilms in MT removal. When synthetic freshwater containing an environmentally relevant concentration of MT (40 μg/L) was introduced, the biofilter reactors achieved a removal efficiency of 43.5 ± 1.6 %. Supplementation of the influent with fish feed, carbon-free minimal medium (CFMM), or CFMM plus glucose further enhanced MT removal to 98.9 ± 0.5 %, 84.5 ± 3.3 %, and 89.5 ± 4.6 %, respectively. Corresponding reductions in androgenic activity, as assessed via a yeast reporter gene assay, were also substantial: 83.7 ± 6.7 % and 84.1 ± 5.8 % for the influents supplemented with fish feed and CFMM plus glucose, respectively. These findings suggest that nutrient supplementation facilitates microbial degradation of MT. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed a diverse microbial community within the biofilm, including genera such as Achromobacter, Cupriavidus, Gordonia, Rhodococcus, Sphingomonas, and Stenotrophomonas-previously been implicated in the degradation of MT, androgens, estrogens, or sterols. Since no single genus was consistently detected across all reactors, MT degradation appears to result from the collective activity of a diverse microbial consortium rather than specific MT-degrading taxa alone. Notably, acclimation with MT to induce degradation activity was not required. The indigenous microorganisms present in the initial fish feed-fed biofilm were already capable of MT removal, and their activity was further enhanced by nutrient supplementation.Item Metadata only Andrographis paniculata or favipiravir in Mild COVID-19: A randomized control trial(2025-08-01) Sirijatuphat R.; Horthongkham N.; Chaimayo C.; Wongprompitak P.; Kongsankum W.; Charoenkij P.; Palo T.; Mahajaroensiri S.; Nathananwanit N.; Senawong S.; Kantakamalakul W.; Akarasereenont P.; Permpikul C.; Sirijatuphat R.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic led to an urgent search for effective treatments. Andrographis paniculata (AP), a traditional herbal medicine, has shown potential due to its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of AP capsules with favipiravir (FV) in treating mild COVID-19 patients. Methods: This randomized, double-blind trial was conducted at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. This study was in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry register, which number is TCTR20240802007. The study included patients aged 18–59 who were diagnosed with mild COVID-19. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either AP capsules (180 mg/day) or FV for five days, with a 10-day follow-up period. Primary outcomes included changes in viral load, pneumonia incidence, and symptom improvement. Secondary outcomes focused on viral clearance and adverse events. Results: A total of 190 participants (95 per group) were enrolled. By day 10, none had developed pneumonia. Both AP and FV effectively reduced viral load, with the Mann-Whitney U-test showing statistical significance (p < 0.05). The AP group showed greater improvement in specific symptoms, particularly in phlegm (1.15 ± 1.58 vs. 1.9 ± 2.04, p = 0.004) and headache (0.15 ± 0.51 vs. 0.47 ± 1.25, p = 0.033), compared to the FV group. Adverse events were minimal and similar between the two groups. Conclusion: Both AP and FV effectively reduced symptoms and viral load with minimal side effects. However, AP showed superior improvements in phlegm and headaches. Consequently, physicians may regard AP as an appropriate option for COVID-19 patients to alleviate symptoms.Item Metadata only Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium abscessus isolates from non-cystic fibrosis patients in Thailand: phylogeny, subspecies distribution, and antimicrobial resistance profiles(2025-01-01) Prommi A.; Sawaswong V.; Petsong S.; Wongjarit K.; Somsukpiroh U.; Payungporn S.; Rotcheewaphan S.; Prommi A.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Mycobacterium abscessus (MABS) is a clinically significant nontuberculous mycobacterium, and its drug resistance poses substantial therapeutic challenges. Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analyses are essential for elucidating the mechanisms underlying this resistance and enhancing understanding of its epidemiology. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina platform was conducted on 61 clinical MABS isolates obtained from patients in Thailand. MABS subspecies classification was performed using FastANI, TYGS, and NTM-Profiler. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) was determined using a broth microdilution method. Resistance mutations were identified through NTM-Profiler and Snippy pipelines. Results: The analysis classified MABS isolates into three subspecies: subsp. abscessus (40/61, 65.57 %), subsp. massiliense (15/61, 24.59 %), and subsp. bolletii (6/61, 9.83 %). Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic diversity among the majority of the MABS clinical isolates. These isolates clustered into distinct clades, separate from globally recognized clinical strains and dominant circulating clones. Inducible clarithromycin resistance was detected in 60.66 % of MABS isolates, associated with the T28 variant in erm(41). The Ile80Val mutation in erm(41) was significantly associated with inducible clarithromycin resistance (χ2 = 12.61, p < 0.001). Acquired clarithromycin resistance associated with rrl mutations (A2270C, A2270G, A2271C) and amikacin resistance linked to the rrs mutation A1375G were detected in 11.48 % and 4.92 % of isolates, respectively. The categorical agreement between WGS-based DST and pDST was 95.08 %, 88.33 %, and 96.43 % for inducible clarithromycin, clarithromycin, and amikacin, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of MABS isolates in Thailand, emphasizing regional variations in dominant clones and resistance mechanisms.Item Metadata only Investigation of chloride resistance in self-healing mortars using vegetative cell and spore-based MICP methods(2025-09-26) Limpaninlachat P.; Noppakun N.; Chindasiriphan P.; Intarasoontron J.; Kunawisarut A.; Jongvivatsakul P.; Pungrasmi W.; Likitlersuang S.; Limpaninlachat P.; Mahidol UniversityThis study focuses on chloride resistance of self-healing mortar specimens treated using two microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) methods: (1) the dropping method involving the application of vegetative bacterial cell solution into surface cracks, and (2) the embedding method involving the incorporation of microencapsulated bacterial spores into the mortar mix. Two ranges of crack width were considered: fine (<175 µm) and large (175–350 µm). In the dropping method, bacterial cell-to-nutrient ratios of 20:500 µL and 40:1000 µL were applied, while 1 % and 2 % dosages of microencapsulated spores with nutrients were used in the embedding method. Healing efficiency was evaluated through crack monitoring under 14 wet-dry cycles. Chloride resistance was assessed using rapid chloride migration testing and supported by microstructural analysis. Results show that the dropping method enabled rapid and effective crack repair, achieving 100 % closure of fine cracks with a bacterial cell-to-nutrient ratio of 40:1000 µL. This method also delivered the highest chloride resistance among all treatments, closely matching that of plain uncracked mortar by sealing surface cracks and forming a robust barrier against chloride ingress. In contrast, microencapsulated spores exhibited slower healing rate but promoted deeper mineral precipitation along the crack depth. The 2 % microencapsulated spore treatment achieved up to 72.9 % crack closure after 14 cycles. However, the increased matrix porosity due to nutrient additives led to reduced overall chloride resistance in spore-treated specimens. Overall, the high-dosage vegetative cell in dropping method proved more effective for surface crack sealing and enhancing durability, underscoring its potential for improving the long-term performance of cement-based materials in chloride-rich environments.Item Metadata only Progestogen therapy in threatened miscarriage and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: Recommendations by the Thai interest group(2025-08-01) Kongwattanakul K.; Jatavan P.; Musigavong O.; Pranpanus S.; Salang L.; Satirapod C.; Petyim S.; Uerpairojkit B.; Kongwattanakul K.; Mahidol UniversityAim: Threatened miscarriage and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) pose significant physical and psychological challenges for women and their families globally. The lack of local guidelines and variations in recommendations by existing guidelines result in inconsistent management of these conditions in Thailand. The Thai interest group aims to provide recommendations to healthcare providers for the use of progesterone supplementation in women experiencing threatened miscarriage and unexplained RPL. Methods: Existing guidelines and relevant studies were reviewed to explore the role of oral, vaginal, and injectable progestogens. In the present evidence-based recommendations, the Thai interest group delineated effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing patients with threatened miscarriages and unexplained RPL. Results: Treatment initiation for unexplained RPL is recommended after experiencing two or more pregnancy losses, regardless of consecutive occurrences. Oral progestogen (dydrogesterone) is recommended for the management of both threatened miscarriage and unexplained RPL. Exceeding 200 mg of micronized vaginal progesterone (MVP) per intake is not advisable for threatened miscarriage or preventing recurrent miscarriage because of luteal phase insufficiency. Treatment with intramuscular injection progestin should be continued at a dosage of 250 mg twice weekly for several weeks. Additionally, patient experiences and safety concerns related to MVP and injectable progestogens are discussed. Conclusion: These inaugural evidence-based Thai recommendations can be applied in regional healthcare settings for improved outcomes in threatened miscarriage and unexplained RPL. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology and etiology of these conditions in Thailand.Item Metadata only Enhancing high-strength geopolymer concrete with recycled granite aggregate using sugarcane bagasse ash and steel fibers(2025-09-26) Hamcumpai K.; Nuaklong P.; Chindasiriphan P.; Jongvivatsakul P.; Likitlersuang S.; Di Sarno L.; Pang S.D.; Hamcumpai K.; Mahidol UniversityThis study investigates the effects of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and steel fibers on enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of high-strength geopolymer concrete (HSGC) made with recycled granite aggregate. Recycled granite waste from stone quarries was used to completely replace natural fine aggregates, aiming to reduce reliance on natural sand. To further improve the concrete performance, SCBA from biomass power plants was incorporated at dosages of 0–5 % by weight of fly ash, while steel fibers were added at 0–1 % by concrete volume. The results showed that 1 % SCBA optimally improved the microstructure of HSGC, promoting a more homogeneous geopolymer matrix and significantly enhancing both mechanical and durability properties. The combination of 1 % SCBA and 1 % steel fibers resulted in a 28 % increase in compressive strength and a 25 % increase in elastic modulus compared to plain geopolymer concrete. Flexural toughness also improved by 90 %. In terms of durability, adding 1 % SCBA mitigated the micro-porosity commonly induced by steel fibers, resulting in a 10 % improvement in chloride resistance due to matrix densification. Notably, the mixture containing 1 % SCBA and 0.5 % steel fibers demonstrated the most balanced performance in terms of mechanical strength, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness, suggesting it as a suitable option for practical applications.Item Metadata only Assessment of anaesthesiologist and public hospital preparedness for the prevention and treatment of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST): a national survey(2025-12-31) Noikham A.; Tratornpisuttikul T.; Pangthipampai P.; Noikham A.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a significant risk associated with the use of local anaesthetics. Despite existing prevention and management guidelines, the increasing use of local anaesthetics raises concerns about LAST. This study aims to assess the preparedness of anaesthesiologists and hospitals to manage LAST, following the Third American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Practice Advisory. Methods: The research questionnaire is developed and validated. The questionnaire focuses on a three-dimensional framework for anaesthesiologist preparedness: prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, the questionnaire also assesses hospital preparedness based on the availability of resources to manage LAST. The study includes anaesthesiologists from public hospitals in Thailand. Data are collected by mailing letters to all public hospitals. Results: The survey collected responses from 284 anaesthesiologists in 108 hospitals, reflecting a response rate of 57.8%. Anaesthesiologists consistently applied LAST prevention methods at an average rate of 85.8%. They recognized 12 of 16 LAST symptoms. Regarding LAST treatment, 97.1% of them correctly identified the required drug. Based on prespecified criteria, 77.5% of anaesthesiologists were considered prepared in all dimensions. Lipid emulsion and cognitive aids were available in 69.4% and 42.0% of the hospitals, respectively. Hospitals that performed 6–20 regional blocks per day were significantly associated with higher preparedness for LAST. Conclusions: Anaesthesiologists in this study are generally well prepared for managing LAST, but there are areas that require improvement, particularly in hospital resources, such as the availability of lipid emulsion and cognitive aids, as well as the retrieval process for lipid emulsion.Item Metadata only Educational technology enhanced interprofessional E-learning for engaging cross-institutional and cross-border healthcare students: A mixed-methods study(2025-12-01) Chan S.L.; Fung J.T.C.; Wong M.S.; Cheng C.C.W.; Lee J.J.J.; Choi H.R.; Wan W.H.; Withrow H.; Sirirat S.i.; Tse W.H.; Poon R.P.W.; Lam C.F.; Lam H.C.Y.; Chan C.K.; Lin C.C.; Chan S.L.; Mahidol UniversityAim: In the post-COVID-19 era, educators in higher education are exploring innovative pedagogies to deliver effective interprofessional education in an online learning environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the technology-enhanced e-learning modules for undergraduate healthcare students from different cultural backgrounds. The focus was on student engagement with interprofessional learning and diversity using innovative educational technology. Methods: This is a mixed-methods study including pre- and post-test evaluations and focus group interviews. The educational intervention strategies focused on applying interprofessional learning among undergraduate healthcare students by integrating education technologies (i.e., virtual reality 360 and gamification) into two e-learning modules. Three time-points involving pre and post modules’ evaluation (before and after the 1st learning module, and after the 2nd learning module) were collected using validated scales including Interprofessional Attitudes Scale and Online Student Engagement Scale. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the association between interventions and changes in outcomes from pre-to post-intervention by adjusting the covariates. To further validate the quantitative findings, focus-group interviews were conducted with a verbatim transcript obtained from participating students for content analysis. Results: A total of 75 undergraduate healthcare students from Hong Kong, Mainland China, South Korea, and Thailand participated in the study. A statistically significant positive change was detected in interprofessional attitude (F = 5.90, p = 0.004), interprofessional diversity and ethics (F = 4.43, p = 0.014) and student engagement (F = 13.42, p < 0.001) after the e-learning modules. A statistically significant correlation was also detected between student engagement and interprofessional attitude. From the qualitative content analysis, three core categories were identified. They were ‘Cultural diversity recognition’, ‘Acquisition of interprofessional attitudes and skills’ and ‘Active learning engagement’. Conclusions: The technology-enhanced e-learning modules significantly enhanced undergraduate healthcare students’ interprofessional attitude and student learning engagement in terms of interprofessional education. Healthcare educators in higher education are encouraged to integrate educational technology as a pedagogical approach to stimulate interprofessional learning of undergraduate healthcare students.Item Metadata only Erratum: Correction: Ventilation practices in acute brain injured patients and association with outcomes: the VENTIBRAIN multicenter observational study (Intensive care medicine (2025) 51 2 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-025-07808-1.)(2025-08-01) Robba C.; Giardiello D.; Almondo C.; Asehnoune K.; Badenes R.; Cinotti R.; Elhadi M.; Graziano F.; Helbok R.; Jiang L.; Chen W.; Laffey J.G.; Messina A.; Putensen C.; Schultz M.J.; Wahlster S.; Rebora P.; Galimberti S.; Taccone F.S.; Citerio G.; Robba C.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Simple detection and differentiation of Aeromonas caviae infection and contamination with specific monoclonal antibodies by dot blotting(2025-08-01) Payattikul P.; Rotchanapreeda T.; Wangman P.; Rawiwet V.; Longyant S.; Payattikul P.; Mahidol UniversityAeromonas spp. are well-known pathogenic bacteria that cause severe infectious diseases in humans and animals through ingestion or contact with contaminated food and water; thus, detecting contamination in suspected samples is essential. This study developed a new detection tool by creating three strong monoclonal antibody (mAb) clones—AC-19, AC-4, and AC-16—by injecting mice with Aeromonas caviae antigens. The dot blot test using antigens from different gram-negative bacteria showed that AC-19 could detect all 88 samples of five Aeromonas species (A. caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas veronii, and Aeromonas jandaei), but it also reacted with Plesiomonas shigelloides. Importantly, AC-4 and AC-16 each demonstrated 100% specificity to A. caviae and exhibited 100% sensitivity (31/31 isolates) and 64.52% sensitivity (20/31 isolates), respectively. These results suggest that AC-4 is the most promising mAb for A. caviae detection. Testing the limit of detection by dot blotting against A. caviae antigen exhibited the following. AC-19 at 3 × 107 CFU/ml, AC-4 at 1 × 107 CFU/ml, and AC-16 at 5 × 106 CFU/ml. Furthermore, their application was demonstrated by spiking tests for A. caviae contamination in contact lens samples, which proved their advantages in practical utilization. Thus, with high sensitivity and specificity, these mAbs constitute convenient immunological tools that could be used for simple, rapid, and simultaneous direct detection and differentiation of A. caviae and Aeromonas spp. in complex subjects, such as food and clinical samples, as well as infected animals, without the need for sophisticated bacterial separation, isolation, and biochemical characterization procedures.Item Metadata only Advances in cGAS-STING Signaling in Fibrosis Diseases: Therapeutic Target in Pathological Scars(2025-01-01) Zhao W.; Angspatt A.; Kitkumthorn N.; Meevassana J.; Zhao W.; Mahidol UniversityFibrosis is characterised by an excessive response to tissue injury during wound healing, resulting in excessive scarring, which can affect any organ and lead to deformity or death. Fibrogenesis is a highly orchestrated process in which extracellular matrix deposition becomes unstructured, disrupting normal tissue architecture and subsequently impairing proper organ function through complex molecular signals and cellular responses. Inflammation is an important trigger for both regeneration and fibrosis after tissue damage—particularly due to inflammatory cytokines released by various recruited and activated immune cells—which can provoke an excessive inflammatory response in a short time. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation in the context of infection, cellular stress, tissue damage, and fibrosis. This reflects its capacity to sense and regulate cellular responses to ubiquitous danger-associated molecular patterns, mainly microbial or host-derived DNA. The cGAS–STING pathway plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of fibrotic diseases by linking cellular stress and DNA damage to chronic inflammation and fibroblast activation, thereby driving pathological tissue remodeling and extracellular matrix accumulation. However, a systematic summary of cGAS–STING in fibrotic diseases is lacking. Therefore, this review focuses on the effects and molecular mechanisms of cGAS–STING signalling in fibrotic diseases. We outline the principal elements of the cGAS–STING signalling cascade and discuss the mechanisms underlying the association of cGAS–STING activity with fibrosis in different organs. Finally, we elucidate the recently developed cGAS and STING antagonists and summarise their potential clinical applications in fibrotic diseases.Item Metadata only Non-invasive vaccination enhances immune response and protects Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) against Vibrio vulnificus infection(2025-12-01) Lan N.G.T.; Dong H.T.; Vinh N.T.; Senapin S.; Lan N.G.T.; Mahidol UniversityVibriosis, caused by Vibrio vulnificus, is a significant threat to the production of a commercially important species Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). This study assessed the efficacy of a non-invasive vaccination strategy employing an immersion prime followed by oral boosts with an inactivated V. vulnificus vaccine. Juvenile seabass was initially vaccinated via immersion, followed by oral booster doses at 14- and 28-days post-vaccination (dpv). The immune response was assessed through the expression of immune-related genes - cytokines (IL1β, TNFα), T-cell markers (CD4, CD8), and immunoglobulin (IgM), in the head kidney and spleen; as well as systemic and mucosal antibody production in serum, mucus, and gut fluid. Vaccinated fish exhibited a significant upregulation of IL1β and TNFα in the head kidney and spleen, followed by sustained elevations in CD4 and CD8 expression. The antibody response showed a correlation with gene expression. Systemic, mucosal, and gut-associated antibody responses achieved peaks on day 35 before gradually declining, yet remaining significantly higher than in unvaccinated controls until day 49. A laboratory challenge at 43 dpv demonstrated that vaccinated group achieve an 84.6 % relative percent survival (RPS). These findings highlight that the immersion prime-oral boost strategy was effective in enhancing both systemic and mucosal immunity, providing robust protection against V. vulnificus. This approach offers a feasible, non-invasive vaccination strategy for prevention of vibriosis in farmed Asian seabass.Item Metadata only Exploring DNA methylation age and the influence of physical performance, and hypertension on frailty in elderly women(2025-12-01) Chitta P.; Barrow T.M.; Pratumvinit B.; Dawangpa A.; Kaewboonruang W.; Khamrangsee S.; Korolchuk V.I.; Sae-Lee C.; Chitta P.; Mahidol UniversityEpigenetic age provides a reliable biomarker for biological aging, reflecting the cumulative impact on health over time. Frailty is common among elderly individuals and is further compounded by hypertension, which increases the risk associated with aging. Therefore, we examined the relationship between epigenetic aging and frailty in a non-Western population and explored synergistic effects of frailty and hypertension on epigenetic age. Thai women (60–80 years) were assessed for physical, blood, and biochemical parameters. Age acceleration (AA) residuals were derived to explore deviations between chronological and epigenetic age. We classified 126 participants into robust, pre-frail, and frail groups based on the Fried phenotype and Kihon Checklist. GrimAge1 and GrimAge2 outperformed other epigenetic age estimators in terms of correlation with frailty status. Furthermore, these age models were significantly correlated with physical performance tests. AA varied significantly among groups, with robust individuals having lower Grim1AA and Grim2AA levels than pre-frail individuals. Furthermore, hypertensive participants with pre-frail had significantly different levels of Grim1AA and Grim2AA compared to robust without hypertension. Our findings reveal a complex relationship among frailty, epigenetic age, physical performances, and hypertension. Grim2Age exhibits a strong correlation with chronological age and shows accelerated AA in frail individuals, particularly those with hypertension.Item Metadata only Changes in functional outcome after a first-time stroke: Data from a longitudinal study(2025-08-01) Butsing N.; Thongniran N.; Keandoungchun J.; Butsing N.; Mahidol UniversityBackground Strokes are the major cause of disability. Functional recovery following an acute stroke is time-dependent and varies depending on several factors. This study aimed to investigate changes in functional outcomes after stroke from discharge to six months post-discharge and to identify factors associated with changes in functional outcomes during this six-month period. Methods The study included 155 consecutive patients with a first stroke and were hospitalized in an acute stroke unit at an advanced tertiary hospital in Bangkok between April 2020 and August 2021. The patients’ functional outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the Barthel Index (BI) before hospital discharge and at one-, three-, and six-month post-discharge. Friedman tests were used to assess changes in mRS scores over six months. Linear mixed effect regression was applied to identify the change in BI scores during the six months post-discharge. Results Of the participants, 62.6% were men, and the mean age was 64.0 (SD = 12.5). The median mRS scores ranged from 3.0 at discharge to 0.0 at six months post-discharge. Significant changes in mRS scores were identified within three months post-discharge, and differences by stroke subtype and severity (P < 0.05). The crude BI means ranged from 70.6 (SD = 28.5) at discharge to 93.1 (SD = 20.4) at six months post-discharge. Female participants and those with hemorrhagic strokes had lower adjusted BI scores compared to male participants and those with ischemic strokes, with differences of 4.1 and 4.5 points, respectively. Additionally, stroke severity was inversely related to adjusted BI scores. One increased National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score decreased adjusted BI scores by 3.6. Conclusion The time after discharge, gender, stroke subtype, and stroke severity are significant factors affecting functional outcomes after a stroke. The most significant improvement in functional outcomes occurred within one month post-discharge.Item Metadata only Tissue-specific polyphenol enrichment following oral supplementation with spray-dried Lacticaseibacillus casei-Maoberry juice in rats(2025-09-01) Chaikham P.; Prangthip P.; Jirasatid S.; Chaikham P.; Mahidol UniversityMaoberry (Antidesma bunius) is a polyphenol-rich fruit with antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential. This study investigated whether co-administration with Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 could enhance in vivo polyphenol bioavailability and tissue-specific accumulation through microbial metabolism in the gut. Pasteurized Maoberry juice was supplemented with L. casei 01, spray-dried, and reconstituted daily for oral gavage in male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 1011–1012 CFU/kg body weight for 21 days. Rats were divided into control and probiotic-Maoberry juice powder (PM) groups (n = 7). No significant differences were observed in body weight gain or malondialdehyde levels in serum, liver, or intestine (p > 0.05), confirming the safety of the intervention and the absence of oxidative stress. Notably, liver polyphenol content significantly increased in the PM group (p ≤ 0.01), while serum and intestinal levels remained unchanged (p > 0.05). These results indicated selective hepatic accumulation of polyphenols, likely mediated by microbial biotransformation within the gut. The findings supported the potential of probiotic-Maoberry juice powder as a functional food ingredient for targeted antioxidant delivery.Item Metadata only Two-Decade Retrospective Analysis of Postoperative Endophthalmitis at a Tertiary Care Academic Center: Microbial Spectrum, Treatment Modalities, and Visual Outcomes(2025-01-01) Kritfuangfoo T.; Chokchaitanasin R.; Sujirakul T.; Thongborisuth T.; Tipsuriyaporn B.; Kritfuangfoo T.; Mahidol UniversityPurpose: To determine the causative microorganisms, treatment modalities, visual outcomes, and factors influencing the results of postoperative endophthalmitis at a major tertiary referral eye care facility in Thailand. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients diagnosed with postoperative endophthalmitis over a 20-year period. The collected data included demographic characteristics, endophthalmitis classification, causative organisms, treatment modalities, and final visual acuity. Factors associated with improved visual outcomes were explored. Results: This study included 163 eyes (163 patients). Eighty-seven cases (53.4%) were acute-onset, while the rest were delayed-onset. Cataract surgery was the most common prior intraocular procedure. Microorganisms were identified by culture in 29.4% of cases. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species were predominant among acute-onset cases (57.7%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (15.4%); coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species also were predominant among delayed-onset cases (18.9%). The most common treatment was immediate pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal injection. Significant improvements in visual acuity (VA) were observed in the immediate and delayed PPV groups, with mean improvements of 0.80 logMAR (p < 0.001) and 0.87 logMAR (p = 0.001), respectively. Globe salvage was achieved in 96.3% of cases, with a median final VA of 20/200. Visual improvement, stability, and deterioration were observed in 61.2%, 11.5%, and 27.4% of cases, respectively. Factors associated with poor visual outcomes were diabetes mellitus (p=0.019), visual acuity at initial presentation of 20/200 or worse (p<0.001), and delayed-onset postoperative endophthalmitis (p=0.001). Conclusion: Immediate PPV with intravitreal injection remains the most common and effective treatment for postoperative endophthalmitis, achieving significant visual acuity improvement and high rates of globe salvage. Visual outcomes were significantly influenced by diabetes mellitus, poor visual acuity at initial presentation, and delayed-onset endophthalmitis, underscoring the importance of timely and tailored management strategies.Item Metadata only Perspective: Framework for Developing Prediction Equations for Estimating the Absorption and Bioavailability of Nutrients from Foods(2025-09-01) Weaver C.; Armah S.; Bruno R.S.; Fletcher A.; Glahn R.; Herter-Aeberli I.; Karosas T.; Loechl C.U.; Lopez-Teros V.; McBurney M.I.; Melse-Boonstra A.; Novotny R.; Reddy M.B.; Rigutto-Farebrother J.; Tanumihardjo S.; Udomkesmalee E.; Van Den Heuvel E.; Wallace T.; Winichagoon P.; Weaver C.; Mahidol UniversityCurrent nutrient intake recommendations, nutritional assessments, and food labeling rely on estimated total nutrient content in foods and dietary supplements. However, the adequacy of nutrient intake depends not only on the total amount consumed but also on the fraction absorbed and utilized by the body. Accurate assessments of nutrient bioavailability require predictive equations or algorithms. This paper outlines a 4-step framework designed to guide researchers in developing such equations. The framework includes: 1) identifying key factors that influence nutrient or bioactive compound bioavailability; 2) conducting a comprehensive literature review of high-quality human studies to inform the development of predictive equations; 3) constructing predictive equations based on these insights; and 4) validate the equation, when feasible, to potentiate translation. This structured approach aims to enhance the accuracy and precision of nutrient bioavailability estimates, address data limitations, and highlight evidence gaps to inform future research and policy on nutrients and bioactive compounds.Item Metadata only Hospitalization risk and burden for cause-specific cardiovascular diseases following tropical cyclones: A multicountry study(2025-08-01) Huang W.; Yang Z.; Zhang Y.; Vogt T.; Park J.; Yu W.; Xu R.; Hales S.; Hundessa S.; Otto C.; Yu P.; Liu Y.; Ju K.; Lavigne E.; Ye T.; Wen B.; Wu Y.; Zhang Y.; Kliengchuay W.; Tantrakarnapa K.; Guo Y.L.; Kim H.; Phung D.; Ritchie E.A.; Li S.; Guo Y.; Huang W.; Mahidol UniversityThe indirect health risks of tropical cyclones (TCs), the costliest climate extremes, remain unclear, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) being a major contributor. We applied two-stage time-series analysis to 6.54 million CVD hospitalizations across six countries/territories (Canada, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam) between 2000 and 2019 to quantify the long-term risks and burden of CVD hospitalizations following TCs. Hospitalization risks for cause-specific CVDs consistently increased following TC exposure, generally peaking around 2 months postexposure and dissipating by 6 months. Overall, each additional TC day was associated with a 13% (95% confidence interval, 7 to 19%) increase in CVD hospitalizations in 6 months following TCs. Particularly high TC-attributable burden was found for ischemic heart diseases and stroke, especially among males, individuals aged 20 to 59 years, and those with higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation. The TC-attributable proportions of CVD hospitalizations showed decreasing trends in less deprived populations and increasing trends in more deprived populations from 2000 to 2019.