Scopus 2025
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Item Metadata only Conformational ligand-directed targeting of calcium-dependent receptors in acute trauma(2025-01-01) Pasqualini R.; Markosian C.; Staquicini D.I.; Dobroff A.S.; Dodero-Rojas E.; Whitford P.C.; Barbu E.M.; Bronk J.K.; Cardó-Vila M.; Christianson D.R.; Dias-Neto E.; Driessen W.H.P.; Guzman-Rojas L.; Marchiò S.; Nunes D.N.; de Oliveira F.S.; Ozawa M.G.; Proneth B.; Rangel R.; Smith T.L.; Souza G.R.; Staquicini F.I.; Tang F.H.F.; Baze W.B.; Setubal J.C.; Burns J.W.; Dubick M.A.; Gelovani J.G.; Batchinsky A.I.; Mogford J.E.; Wade C.E.; Holcomb J.B.; Burley S.K.; Onuchic J.N.; Arap W.; Pasqualini R.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Trauma is a leading cause of mortality, but injury-specific molecular targets remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that distinctive yet unrecognized tissue targets accessible to circulating ligands might emerge during trauma, thereby underscoring a trauma-related proteome. Methods: We screened a peptide library to discover targets in a porcine model of major trauma: compound femur fracture with hemorrhagic shock. Bioinformatics yielded conserved motifs, and candidate receptors were affinity purified. In silico and in vitro approaches served to investigate possible associations between candidate receptors and calcium, a major component of skeletal muscle and bone. In vivo homing and molecular imaging (PET/MRI and SPECT/CT) studies of the most promising ligand peptide candidate were performed in the porcine model and were also confirmed in a corresponding rat model of major trauma. Optical methodologies and molecular dynamics simulations served to explore the molecular attributes of the ligand-receptor binding. Findings: Nearly all molecular targets of the selected ligand peptides were calcium-dependent proteins, which become accessible upon trauma. We validated specific binding of homing peptides to these receptors in injured tissues, including CLRGFPALVC:CASQ1, CSEIGVRAC:HSP27, and CRQRPASGC:CALR. Notably, we determined that ligand peptide CRQRPASGC targets an injury-specific calcium-facilitated conformation of calreticulin, enabling specific molecular imaging of trauma. Conclusions: We conceptually propose the term “traumome” for the functional receptor repertoire that becomes readily amenable for ligand-directed targeting upon major trauma. These preclinical findings pave the way toward clinic-ready targeted theragnostic approaches in the setting of trauma. Funding: Major funding was provided by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).Item Metadata only Clinical and Multimodal Imaging of Acute Outer Retinopathy: Expanding the Spectrum of Acute Annular Outer Retinopathy(2025-01-01) Ramtohul P.; Cicinelli M.V.; Chen F.K.; Oh D.J.; Freilich B.D.; Singer M.A.; Hartley M.J.; Biswas J.; Boulanger E.; Bae K.; Lim H.Y.; Sujirakul T.; Gascon P.; Blinder K.J.; Fardeau C.; Pockar S.; Androudi S.; Nakashizuka H.; Kitagawa Y.; Shinojima A.; Miserocchi E.; Freund K.B.; Ramtohul P.; Mahidol UniversityPurpose: To describe the clinical features, multimodal imaging findings, natural history, and treatment outcomes of acute outer retinopathy (AOR), which represents an expanded spectrum of acute annular outer retinopathy. Design: Retrospective, observational, longitudinal, multicenter case series. Participants: Twenty-three patients (15 female; 8 male) with a mean age of 41.8 ± 18.6 years (range: 14–86 years) and a mean follow-up duration of 3.7 ± 1.5 years (range: 1–12 years). Methods: Clinical characteristics, multimodal imaging findings, laboratory evaluations, genetic testing, natural history, therapeutic management, and outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. Main Outcomes Measures: Specific multimodal imaging signatures of AOR were identified, including findings from ophthalmoscopy, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and OCT. Humphrey visual field testing, full-field electroretinography (ERG), and multifocal ERG were analyzed. Baseline features and the natural course of the disease were delineated. Results: Thirty-eight eyes from 23 patients were analyzed. Presenting symptoms included photopsia (87%), blurred vision (57%), and scotoma (57%). On ophthalmoscopy, AOR was acutely characterized by yellow-grayish outer retinal lesions corresponding to hyperautofluorescent changes on FAF and the angular sign of Henle fiber layer hyperreflectivity (ASHH) on OCT. Fundus autofluorescence imaging revealed ring-like hyperautofluorescent lesions surrounding the optic disc in 18% of eyes. Additional lesion patterns on FAF included perivenular (53%), sectoral (16%), and spot-like distributions (13%). Fluorescein angiography and ICGA findings were mostly unremarkable. Lesion progression primarily occurred within the initial weeks after presentation and stabilized in size beyond this period in the majority of eyes. Over time, affected areas progressed to outer retinal atrophy with pigmentary changes. Foveal sparing was observed in 68% of the eyes. None of the therapeutic interventions appeared effective in halting the progression to complete outer retinal atrophy or preventing lesion enlargement. Conclusions: Acute outer retinopathy is characterized by early photoreceptor disruption, evidenced by ASHH on OCT, leading to rapid outer retinal atrophy and subsequent degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium within the damaged zones. Although distinct patterns of lesion distribution were observed, their consistent features on multimodal imaging support their inclusion within a unified disease spectrum termed AOR. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.Item Metadata only Comparison of homologous and heterologous vaccination strategies for combating disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei(2025-01-01) Biryukov S.S.; Cote C.K.; Klimko C.P.; Dankmeyer J.L.; Rill N.O.; Hunter M.; Davies M.L.; Hedrick Z.M.; Shoe J.L.; Schmidt L.K.; Orne C.E.; Qiu J.; Welkos S.L.; Burtnick M.N.; Brett P.J.; DeShazer D.; Biryukov S.S.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: Melioidosis is a major cause of disease and mortality in endemic tropical regions, and the etiologic agent, Burkholderia pseudomallei, is being isolated increasingly from an expanded range of environmental and clinical sources in locations including the United States. The disease can have multi-faceted clinical presentations and requires a complex and protracted treatment regimen which is confounded by resistance of this microbe to numerous antibiotics. Thus, prophylactic countermeasures are needed; however, a vaccine has yet to be licensed for human use. Since B. pseudomallei is classified as a Tier 1 select agent, the development of a safe and effective vaccine is both a military and public health need. Our laboratories have focused on the development of vaccines composed of live attenuated strains and defined subunit antigens. Methods: In the current study, we evaluated homologous and heterologous combinations of candidate subunits and live vaccines in a murine aerosol model of melioidosis to determine the effects of vaccine composition and delivery scheme on protection in conjunction with immune responses and bacterial clearance. Results: Both strategies provided significant protection against lethal aerosol challenges, and the accumulated data support that a heterologous vaccination strategy employing capsular polysaccharide conjugate and Hcp1 subunits and a live but highly safe capsular polysaccharide-producing surrogate strain of B. thailandensis is an effective and potentially agile prophylactic strategy.Item Metadata only Elucidation of phenolic profile and bioactive potential of Aeginetia indica L.: A comparative study between newly discovered yellow and native purple flowers(2025-08-01) Temviriyanukul P.; Thangsiri S.; Inthachat W.; On–Nom N.; Sahasakul Y.; Aursalung A.; Chupeerach C.; Suttisansanee U.; Temviriyanukul P.; Mahidol UniversityAeginetia indica L. is a wild plant, with scant information on its food and medicinal applications. This research investigated the phenolics, antioxidant properties, in vitro medicinal activities, and genotoxicity of the newly discovered yellow and native purple flowers of A. indica collected from diverse locations in Thailand. Purple A. indica harvested from Ubon Ratchathani Province (PU) exhibited 1.3–1.4-fold higher total phenolic content (TPC) and 1.1–1.4-fold higher total flavonoid content (TFC) than purple A. indica collected from Sakon Nakhon Province (PS) and yellow A. indica collected from Sakon Nakhon Province (YS), with apigenin and naringenin predominantly detected in PU by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The purple color of PU and PS led to 2.5–2.9-fold higher total anthocyanin content (TAC) than YS. Higher phenolic content in PU led to stronger antioxidant activities by 1.2–1.3- and 1.2–1.8-fold as determined by ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, respectively, while the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was not significantly different from PS. PU and PS exhibited 1.1-fold lower scavenging capacities (50 % of total radicals or SC50) than YS, suggesting their higher antioxidant strength. Higher inhibitory activities of most key enzymes relevant to obesity (lipase, 1.6–3.3-fold higher), type II diabetes (α-amylase, 1.3–1.6-fold higher), and Alzheimer's disease (acetylcholinesterase (AChE, 1.6–3.0-fold higher) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, 1.1-fold higher)) were also observed in PU. Further investigation of the PU extract with orlistat (a commercially available anti-obesity drug) and donepezil (a commercially available anti-Alzheimer's disease drug) suggested synergistic effects of PU with both drugs. PU did not induce gene mutations as assayed by the bacterial reverse mutation test. The results suggested that PU could be further developed as a future functional food or health ingredient.Item Metadata only Rattus spp. as Reservoirs of Multidrug Resistance- and Biofilm-Forming Escherichia coli in Urban Community from Southern Thailand(2025-07-01) Mitsuwan W.; Saengsawang P.; Thaikoed S.; Tanthanathipchai N.; Saedan P.; Chaisiri K.; Boonmar S.; Morita Y.; Mitsuwan W.; Mahidol UniversityRats are rodents commonly found in Thailand that carry various zoonotic pathogens. Bacterial zoonosis can occur in a shared environment between humans and rats, especially in human communities and agricultural areas. Escherichia coli, particularly pathogenic and multidrug-resistant strains, is a significant public health concern that is transmitted by rats. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance (ABR) and biofilm formation of E. coli in caught rodents from Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. Captured rats were dissected to collect intestinal content for E. coli isolation. Two hundred and two confirmed E. coli were subjected for pathotype identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, biofilm-forming ability (BFA), and the presence of related genes. Two E. coli isolates from intestinal content samples were atypical enteropathogenic (aEPEC). Predominantly, 52.97% of E. coli had azithromycin resistance, which was harbored by 35.64% of captured rats. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 12.38% of E. coli isolates with 17 different MDR patterns. Remarkably, 96% of MDR isolates were resistant to azithromycin. Most E. coli harbored ereA (52%), followed by the blaTEM and aacC2 genes (6.44% each). Approximately 87% of isolated E. coli revealed moderate-to-high BFA. Predominantly, moderate-to-strong biofilm-forming E. coli harbored pgaA and pgaC genes. aEPEC, azithromycin resistance, MDR, and moderate-to-strong formation were the aspects of concern. Furthermore, the study of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in rats should be performed, particularly in terms of the transmission pathway, and the application of rats as bioindicators for ABR surveillance in Thailand should be established.Item Metadata only Trends in Anemia Prevalence Among Indian Women Using Revised WHO Hemoglobin Cutoffs: Insights From Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys (1998–2019)(2025-01-01) Pandey A.K.; Gautam D.; Benson Thomas M.; Neogi S.B.; Pandey A.K.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: This study reanalyzes the data from India based on revised cutoffs on hemoglobin (Hb) as updated by World Health Organization (WHO) to inform policy decisions. Methods: The study analyzes change in prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in different trimesters and nonpregnant women in India using data from nationally representative survey (1998-1999 to 2019–2021). Changes in mean Hb concentration and in anemia prevalence using revised Hb cutoffs were analyzed. Mann–Kendall (MK) test was utilized to estimate trend coefficient (τ) with significance to quantify change in anemia prevalence. State-wise anemia prevalence was calculated, categorizing states as controlled, emerging hotspots, hotspots, and arresting momentum, considering 40% prevalence cutoff as severe public health concerns. Results: For 2019–2021, anemia prevalence during pregnancy decreased from 52.2% as per the previous cutoff to 47.1% as per the revised cutoff. As per revised cutoffs, MK test revealed reduction in anemia trends (τ = 0.333, p = 0.734). This decline was most pronounced in the third trimester, where severe anemia dropped by 51.3% from 1998–1999 to 2019–2021. While mild and moderate anemia showed little change over two decades, moderate anemia in the third trimester declined by 3.67%. Reductions in severe anemia were noted across trimesters. States identified as emerging hotspots require urgent, targeted interventions due to persistently high or rising anemia rates. Conclusion: This study highlights a decline in anemia prevalence, particularly in severe cases during pregnancy. Anemia reduction efforts must rely on country-specific data, especially on the Hb distribution against the background of ferritin level, hemoglobinopathies, prevalence of infections, and inflammations in the population.Item Metadata only Exploring the nutraceutical and functional food potential of microalgae: Implications for health and sustainability(2025-08-01) Sivaramakrishnan R.; Kanwal S.; Incharoensakdi A.; Nirmal N.; Srimongkol P.; Sivaramakrishnan R.; Mahidol UniversityMicroalgae-based nutraceuticals and food products represent an innovative intersection of science and nutrition, offering promising health benefits and sustainable solutions. Approved as “Generally Recognized as Safe” by the FDA, microalgal strains (especially Spirulina and Chlorella) are rich in proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins, polysaccharides, and pigments such as β-carotene and astaxanthin. These bioactive compounds have applications in food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Microalgal proteins exhibit functional properties suitable for use in baked goods, emulsified products, and vegan alternatives. Their polysaccharides serve as prebiotics and thickeners, while pigments offer natural coloring and antioxidant benefits. The bioactive compounds derived from microalgae offer an alternative vegetarian source with potential benefits for skin health, eye health, and exercise performance. Algae-based foods not only provide essential nutrients but also contribute to sustainability efforts, as microalgae cultivation requires minimal land and water resources compared to traditional agriculture. Advances in cultivation and recent genetic engineering efforts have significantly improved metabolite yields for commercial viability. Moreover, microalgal biomass contributes to carbon sequestration and offers year-round productivity without competing for arable land. Despite some sensory drawbacks limiting broader consumer acceptance, ongoing research focuses on product development to enhance palatability and functionality. The integration of microalgae into food systems aligns with global sustainability goals, offering high-value, nutrient-rich alternatives to traditional protein and micronutrient sources. The present review discusses the utilization of microalgae that stand out as a critical solution to future food security, with possible wide-ranging applications in human health, space nutrition, and green biotechnology.Item Metadata only Effects of alkanolamines on photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to liquid fuels using a copper-doped dititanate/graphene photocatalyst(2025-01-01) Neamsung W.; Kitjanukit N.; Karawek A.; Chongkol N.; Lertthanaphol N.; Chotngamkhum P.; Khumsupa K.; Phadungbut P.; Jonglertjunya W.; Kim-Lohsoontorn P.; Srinives S.; Neamsung W.; Mahidol UniversityCarbon dioxide (CO2) photoreduction is a promising alternative to carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. It relies on photocatalysts to convert CO2 to high-value products. The copper-doped dititanate nanosheets/graphene oxide composite (CTGN) is a heterostructure of two 2-dimensional nanomaterials: nanosheets and graphene oxide (GO), exhibiting outstanding photoactivity. It was demonstrated to assist in CO2 photoreduction, yielding fuel products such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. In this study, we used CTGN as a photocatalyst model to investigate the effects of alkanolamines, including monoethanolamine (MEOA), diethanolamine (DEOA), and triethanolamine (TEOA), in facilitating CO2 photoreduction. TEOA performed the best, producing methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, and n-butanol with an impressive total carbon consumption (TCC) of 7890 μmol gcat−1. Alkanolamines exhibited a dual function as a sacrificial agent (SCR) and a CO2-capturing substance for photoreduction. TEOA was an excellent SCR and captured CO2 loosely via base-catalyzed hydration, promoting the subsequent release of CO2 for photoreduction. A study on medium pH revealed a decreased photoreduction rate at increased pH due to a strong bond between CO2 and the alkali solution, which reduces the reaction rate.Item Metadata only Protective antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis following revaccination in children and young adults having undergone haematopoietic stem cell transplantation(2025-12-01) Ayudhya R.S.N.; Pongpatipat C.; Anurathapan U.; Pakakasama S.; Hongeng S.; Klinmalai C.; Apiwattanakul N.; Ayudhya R.S.N.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) eliminates pre-existing immunity, necessitating revaccination. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of protective antibody titres against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus in pediatric and young adult HSCT recipients at least four years post-revaccination. Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 94 post-HSCT patients (aged 5–25 years) who completed a three-dose DTP series at least four years prior. Protective anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibody titres were detected in 93.6% and 81.9% of participants, respectively, at least four years post-revaccination. However, only 9.4% had protective anti-pertussis titres, which remained low within five years of revaccination. Factors associated with protective anti-tetanus included higher absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) 1-year post-revaccination, while corticosteroid use during revaccination was negatively associated. ALC at the 3rd dose of vaccination was associated with a protective anti-diphtheria titre. A booster dose of Tdap resulted in seroconversion in 80.0% for diphtheria, 47.4% for pertussis, and 100% for tetanus. These findings support an earlier booster dose of DTP vaccination in post-HSCT patients.Item Metadata only Building connections: promoting meaningful learning of the human circulatory system through leading questions(2025-09-01) Ittikitpaisarn V.; Jittivadhna K.; Ittikitpaisarn V.; Mahidol UniversityTeaching cardiovascular physiology to undergraduate students through lectures that lack real-life connections or relevance to professional practice can be problematic, as many students struggle to apply the material. To address this, we recently implemented a leading-question teaching strategy in our undergraduate health science courses. This approach aimed to enhance students' understanding by building on foundational knowledge from previous biology, anatomy, and physiology courses and connecting it to commonly used terms, real-life experiences, and practical concerns. During class, discussions were guided by leading questions, with the instructor facilitating the conversation and providing justifications. The results showed that students found the combination of leading questions, whole class discussion, and instructor guidance helpful in fostering meaningful learning. They expressed satisfaction with this teaching method. Additionally, the key concepts and explanations developed jointly by the students and instructor were beneficial for all students, including those who are typically more reserved.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article presents the essential concepts of the human parallel circulation system, shedding light on how this knowledge can help clarify the common jargon and practices students encounter in everyday life. The explanation is based on a leading-question teaching strategy, with answers and insights gathered from undergraduate health science students through whole class discussions.Item Metadata only Genotype-specific neoplastic risk profiles in patients with VHL disease(2025-05-01) Ganner A.; Ferrara A.M.; Sekula P.; Schiavi F.; Joo J.H.; Sanso G.; Almeida M.Q.; Knoblauch A.L.; Gizaw C.J.; Krzystolik K.; Astheimer S.C.; Achatz M.I.; Vieites A.; Donegan D.; Hundsberger T.; Lubinski J.; Simsir I.Y.; Bandgar T.; Hasse-Lazar K.; Pawlaczek A.; Zandee W.; Yu K.; Kater C.E.; Rostomyan L.; Qi X.P.; Deutschbein T.; Remde H.; Dallagnol T.N.; Yukina M.; Baudrand R.; Andreescu C.E.; Kunavisarut T.; Ishak N.D.; Guillou Horn X.L.; Shutler G.; Jovanovic M.; Peczkowska M.; Calissendorff J.; Circosta F.; Bugalho M.J.; Corssmit E.P.M.; Gimm O.; Quinkler M.; Goldmann A.; Fernando S.W.; Zovato S.; Santana L.S.; Freitas-Castro F.; Rothermundt C.; Zimmermann J.; Durmaz A.; Aykut A.; Vroonen L.; Krauss T.; Taschner C.; Ruf J.; Klingler J.H.; Gläsker S.; Lang S.; Bucher F.; Agostini H.; Jilg C.; Schultze-Seemann W.; Bausch B.; Bergfeld A.; Rhein K.; Uslar T.; Concistrè A.; Juhlin C.C.; Casali-Da-Rocha J.C.; Petramala L.; Tsoy U.; Grineva E.; Fang X.D.; Kotsis F.; Schaefer T.; Links T.P.; Makay Ö.; Fagundes G.F.C.; Ngeow J.; Shah N.; Opocher G.; Barontini M.; Larsson C.; Januszewicz A.; Lima J.V.; Wohllk N.; Letizia C.; Donatini G.; Maher E.R.; Beltsevich D.; Bancos I.; Cybulski C.; Walz M.K.; Köttgen A.; Eng C.; Neumann H.P.H.; Neumann-Haefelin E.; Ganner A.; Mahidol UniversityHereditary tumor predisposition syndromes pose a challenge for early detection and timely treatment of tumors. In von Hippel–Lindau disease, desirable personalized surveillance programs are lacking due to insufficient data on genotype-specific risk profiles of individual mutations. To describe neoplastic risk profiles for carriers of pathogenic and likely pathogenic VHL germline mutations, our observational study recruited 1,350 participants from 40 centers worldwide. 432 different VHL germline mutations were observed, with p.Asn78Ser, p.Arg161Ter, p.Arg161Gln, p.Arg167Gln, p.Arg167Trp and p.Tyr98His being the six most frequent, occurring in a total of 493 carriers (36.5%) and in ≥30 patients each. Age-related penetrance risks for retinal hemangioblastoma, central nervous system hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma in carriers of the most frequent VHL mutations were assessed. In addition, the number of organs affected, the frequency of surgery and the outcome are reported. Pairwise comparisons of the age-dependent tumor penetrance of these six mutations showed that 47 out of 90 pairs were significantly different. The most significant associations were found in p.Tyr98His (n = 19), followed by p.Arg161Ter (n = 10). All pairwise comparisons of mutations affecting different codons showed at least one significant (P < 0.05) difference, except for p.Asn78Ser vs p.Arg161Ter. Thus, tumor risk varied by VHL mutation type and location, but did not differ between the truncating mutation p.Arg161Ter and the missense mutation p.Asn78Ser. Our study demonstrates the importance of mutation-specific phenotype prediction. With appropriate validation, the data have important implications for risk assessment and decision making in tumor prevention for carriers of the respective VHL mutations.Item Metadata only Distribution of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae and cyprinoid fish abundance in Nong Han Wetland, Thailand(2025-08-01) Kaensa W.; Charoensuk L.; Nakmai C.; Pinlaor S.; Suwannatrai A.T.; Laothong U.; Prakobwong S.; Kaensa W.; Mahidol UniversityOpisthorchiasis, caused by Opisthorchis viverrini, remains a public health concern in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand. This study investigates the prevalence and intensity of O. viverrini metacercariae in cyprinoid fish from the Nong Han Wetland in Northeast Thailand, and assesses fish abundance and environmental factors influencing parasite distribution. Fish were sampled monthly at eight sites during the rainy (June – October 2024) and dry (November 2024 – March 2025) seasons. Fish species were identified, and their relative abundance and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index (H′)) were assessed. Cyprinoid fish were digested with 0.25 % pepsin-HCl to detect, identified and quantify O. viverrini metacercariae under a microscope. Concurrent water quality paramteters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and fecal coliform levels) were analyzed to assess their correlation with parasite distribution. A total of 1429 fish from 36 species were collected, with Trichogaster vittatus (Family Belontiidae) being the most abundant. Among 392 cyprinoid fish (Family Cyprinidae) from 11 species (H′ = 1.8), 15.1 % were infected with O. viverrini metacercariae found in 6 species. Cyclocheilichthys apogon showed the significant highest prevalence (20.3 %). Infection intensity was highest in Barbonymus gonionotus and Hampala dispar (6.0 metacercariae/infected fish). Higher fecal coliform levels and proximity to human settlements correlated with infection. Dry season prevalence (17.8 %) and intensity (5.1 ± 2.6) were significantly greater than the rainy season (11.0 % and 2.6 ± 1.1, P ≤ 0.001). A strong correlation existed between fecal coliforms and O. viverrini prevalence (r = 0.981, P ≤ 0.001), with hotspots near human settlements. The findings highlight the influence of fecal contamination, seasonality, and human factors on O. viverrini transmission, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.Item Metadata only Dietary Nutrition, Gut Microbiota, and Health Status Across Geographically Diverse Populations in Mongolia: A Cross-Sectional Study(2025-07-01) Zhao Z.; Zhao F.; Chimeddorj B.; Sun Z.; Tserenkhuu E.; Ochirdanzan M.; Ganpurev D.; Fun W.; Wusigale; Li W.; Liu W.; Yang S.; Zhang M.; Davaasambuu E.; Talkhaa Y.; Narankhuu Y.; Bromage S.; Warinner C.; Menghe B.; Ganmaa D.; Zhao Z.; Mahidol UniversityUntil recently, nomadic nomadism has been the dominant culture in Mongolia. Dietary patterns have evolved to fit this culture and ensure the health of people. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the key role of dietary nutrition in maintaining the health of the Mongolian population and its impact on gut microbiota. Meanwhile, the correlations between the gut microbiota, dietary nutrition, and health status of the Mongolian population were explored. This study revealed distinct patterns in the dietary structures of urban and nomadic populations. During winter, urban populations consume more fruits, vegetables, and egg products, whereas nomads consume more dairy products. The intake of nutrients such as energy, protein, and carbohydrates, and blood indices such as blood glucose and total cholesterol (TC) of nomadic populations were found to be significantly higher than those of urban residents (p < 0.05), and these nutrients exhibited significant correlations with the blood indices. Furthermore, the influence of both region and season on the gut microbiota of the Mongolian population with regional disparities was greater than that of seasonal variations. In winter, the gut microbiota composition of nomadic populations differed significantly from that of urban populations, as evidenced by a decrease in Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, Phocaeicola vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis, and Lachnospira eligens and an increase in Firmicutes, Alistipes, Dorea, Ruminococcus torques, and Dorea formicigenerans (p < 0.05). Additionally, lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium sp. were abundant in the gut of the Mongolian population, which present promising opportunities for developing and utilizing unique probiotic resources in Mongolia. The study also found correlations between microbial species and blood indices, as well as nutrients, providing novel evidence to support the complex relationships between gut microbiota, nutrition, and health status in the Mongolian population. Overall, this study revealed significant differences in dietary nutrition, gut microbiota, and health status among geographically diverse populations in Mongolia and contributed to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between gut microbiota, nutrition, and health among Mongolians.Item Metadata only Corrigendum to “In silico prediction and experimental evaluation of LIP3228 of pathogenic Leptospira as a potential subunit vaccine target against leptospirosis” (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2025 Jan, 745, 151229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.151229) (Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (2025) 745, (S0006291X24017650), (10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.151229))(2025-01-01) Nakornpakdee Y.; Techawiwattanaboon T.; Prasai S.; Komanee P.; Sangkanjanavanich N.; Boonkea S.; Patarakul K.; Nakornpakdee Y.; Mahidol UniversityThe authors regret that the name of the animal facility listed in the manuscript was incorrect. The hamsters used in the study were obtained from “the Animal Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand”, not “the North-East Animal Laboratory Center, Khon Kaen University, Thailand”, as originally stated. To ensure the accuracy of the publication, we propose the following correction: In the Materials and methods section, under the subsection “2.2.4. Hamsters and ethics statement” the phrase “Female 5- to 6-week-old golden Syrian hamsters were purchased from the Northeast Laboratory Animal Center, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.” should be corrected to “Female 5- to 6-week-old golden Syrian hamsters were obtained from the Animal Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, which served as the animal resource provider for this study.” This correction pertains only to the administrative name of the facility. It does not affect any experimental procedures, ethical approvals, or scientific conclusions. All animals were housed and handled in full compliance with the institutional and ethical guidelines as described in the original manuscript. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.Item Metadata only Diagnostic Performance of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Biopsy with Histological Analysis Versus Combined Cytohistological Analysis in Solid Pancreatic Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(2025-01-01) Termsinsuk P.; Chuncharunee A.; Charatcharoenwitthaya P.; Pausawasdi N.; Termsinsuk P.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Recent advancements in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) needles enable reliable histological evaluation, raising questions about the necessity of routinely adding cytological analysis. Aim: To compare the diagnostic performance of EUS-FNB using histology alone versus combined cytohistological analysis for detecting solid pancreatic malignancies. Methods: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases identified studies reporting diagnostic performance, tissue adequacy, processing methods, and reference standards of surgical specimens, clinical, and imaging assessment. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, tissue adequacy, and heterogeneity were analyzed using meta-analytic techniques. Results: Twenty-nine studies were included. Histological and combined analyses were performed in 1657 and 1271 patients, respectively. For histological analysis, pooled sensitivity was 90.5% (95% CI: 85.8–94.2, I2 = 85.2%) and specificity was 98.2% (95% CI: 95.7–99.5, I2 = 0%), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.97). Combined analysis achieved slightly higher sensitivity of 91.4% (95% CI: 87.7–94.5, I2 = 75.0%) and similar specificity of 98.0% (95% CI: 93.9–99.6, I2 = 0%), with AUROC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.98). Tissue adequacy was comparable in both groups (90.4% vs. 91.7%). Subgroup analyses showed that the stylet slow-pull technique yielded the highest sensitivities in both analyses. Among needle types, Franseen needles provided the best sensitivity in histological analysis, whereas side-fenestrated needles yielded the highest sensitivities in combined analysis. Conclusions: EUS-FNB with histological analysis shows diagnostic performance and tissue adequacy comparable to combined analysis. While histological assessment may serve as a feasible standalone approach, these findings require validation through future randomized controlled trials.Item Metadata only Prenatal carrier screening for spinal muscular atrophy among pregnant Thai women(2025-01-01) Tangshewinsirikul C.; Panburana P.; Prakobpanich M.; Chareonsirisuthigul T.; Dejsuphong D.; Tim-Aroon T.; Khongkhatithum C.; Sura T.; Tunteeratum A.; Wattanasirichaigoon D.; Tangshewinsirikul C.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: To investigate the acceptance rate for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) carrier screening among Thai pregnant women, their attitudes toward the prenatal screening, carrier rate, and the frequencies of SMN2 copy numbers. Methods: Singleton pregnant women who aged ≥ 18 years, with a gestational age of ≤ 14 weeks at their first visit, were invited to participate the study. All participants completed the questionnaire: Section I—demographic data. Then, they received a pre-test group counseling, followed by an offer of SMA carrier testing at no cost and completion of the questionnaire: Section II—awareness and attitudes toward the screening and Section III—reasons for their choosing “to have” or “not to have” the screening done. Only those having the test done and undergoing post-test counseling were asked to complete the questionnaire: Section IV—attitudes toward the screening process. Results: The preexisting knowledge about SMA was low (30.8%). After pre-test counseling, the majority of participants (94.4%) realized the severity of SMA and its burden to the families, leading to a high acceptance rate for carrier screening at 91.4% (181/198). Most participants (92.4%) agreed to have a fetal diagnosis if they were found to be a couple at risk. The genetic screening revealed a SMA carrier rate of 2.2% (1 in 45), and a high frequency of ≤ 2 copies of SMN2 (98.3%). Four participants were found to be carriers, but none of their partners were carriers, yielding no couples at risk in this study. After disclosure of the screening test result, all the participants expressed a feeling of gladness that they had had the test done. The majority (98%) suggested that SMA carrier screening should be offered to all pregnant women and that the cost of testing should be covered by the government and/or by their health coverage schemes (95.5%). Conclusion: The high acceptance rate and positive attitude toward prenatal SMA carrier was demonstrated among Thai pregnant women. Data from the present study highlight urgent needs for endorsement from professional society and public health policy in advancing the SMA carrier screening program in Thailand.Item Metadata only Analysis of the Mechanical and Biofilm-Inhibitory Antimicrobial Properties of a Dental Tissue Conditioner Incorporating Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil: An In Vitro Study(2025-01-01) Doan T.M.; Vu C.T.B.; Truong P.T.L.; Pham V.K.; Chotprasert N.; Doan T.M.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: This study aimed to investigate the tensile bond strength (TBS) and biofilm-inhibitory antimicrobial properties of tissue conditioners combined with Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (EO) at varying concentrations. Materials and Methods: The original tissue conditioner was used as the control, while the experimental groups consisted of tissue conditioners incorporating O. gratissimum EO at concentrations of 1% and 2% (v/v) in the liquid component. The TBS between the tissue conditioner and denture base acrylic resin was measured using a universal testing machine. To evaluate biofilm-inhibitory antimicrobial properties, cylindrical specimens infused with EO were prepared and incubated with Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The crystal violet assay was utilized to quantify microbial biofilm formation. Results: The incorporation of O. gratissimum EO into tissue conditioners significantly increased the TBS on day 1 (p < 0.05) but showed no effect by day 7 post-polymerization (p > 0.05). Additionally, tissue conditioners containing 1% EO exhibited biofilm-inhibitory antimicrobial properties on day 1 (p < 0.05), whereas those with 2% EO demonstrated biofilm-inhibitory antimicrobial activity on both days 1 and 3 postinoculation (p < 0.05). By day 5 and 7, EO-infused tissue conditioners no longer exhibited biofilm-inhibitory antimicrobial properties (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Tissue conditioners infused with O. gratissimum EO effectively reduced the formation of biofilms by C. albicans and S. mutans in a dose–dependent manner on days 1 and 3. As tissue conditioners are typically replaced every 3–7 days, O. gratissimum EO can be incorporated as an additive to lower the formation of biofilms by C. albicans and S. mutans without compromising the TBS of the tissue conditioner to denture base acrylic resin.Item Metadata only Diagnostic distribution of antidepressant users: Findings from the REAP-AD3 study(2025-09-01) Lin H.L.; Lin Y.P.; Si T.M.; Kalliyalil R.A.; Tanra A.J.; Nadoushan A.H.J.; Inada T.; Park S.C.; Chee K.Y.; Javed A.; Sim K.; Huang K.L.; Pariwatcharakul P.; Sartorius N.; Chong M.Y.; Shinfuku N.; Kato T.A.; Lin S.K.; Lin H.L.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Low Prevalence of Adequate eHealth Literacy and Willingness to Use Telemedicine Among Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study From a Middle-Income Country(2025-01-01) Sainimnuan S.; Preedachitkul R.; Petchthai P.; Paokantarakorn Y.; Siriussawakul A.; Srinonprasert V.; Sainimnuan S.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Currently, the rapid aging of global population, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is placing changing demands on health care systems. The preparation of the population for adequate eHealth literacy and good digital health is one of the challenges of social policy. The willingness to understand eHealth literacy and telemedicine use across different age groups of the population will help identify loopholes and bottlenecks in the implementation and help to develop appropriate solutions. Currently, studies on the status of eHealth literacy across different age ranges remain limited and scarce. Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with adequate eHealth literacy, including attitudes toward eHealth literacy and willingness to use telemedicine as an example of digital technology. We focused on the comparison between older people (aged ≥60 years) and younger adult groups in Thailand, a middle-income country. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study from January 2021 to July 2021. A total of 400 participants who visited the outpatient department of Siriraj Hospital were recruited and completed questionnaires collecting demographic information, frequency of internet use, and devices used for accessing the internet. eHealth literacy was assessed using the eHAELS (eHealth Literacy Scale) questionnaire. We also explored the participants’ attitude and willingness to use telemedicine. We applied univariable logistic regression analysis to elucidate the factors associated with eHealth literacy and willingness to use telemedicine. Results: Our study revealed that the older participants had lower level of eHealth literacy compared to younger participants. Using an eHAELS score ≥26 points to define ‘adequate eHealth literacy,’ 74.0% (n=97) of older adults compared to 22.7% (n=61) of younger adults had inadequate eHealth literacy. Only 19.8% (n=26) of older adults, compared to 65.1% (n=175) of younger adults showed high levels of eHealth literacy defined by exploring each item using the eHEALS tool. The items with the lowest level of eHealth literacy among older adults pertained to confidence in finding and applying health information for self-care and in using information from the internet for making health decisions. In terms of attitude and interest toward telemedicine use, confidence in security, perceived convenience of telemedicine, and adequate eHealth literacy were the three strongest factors associated with willingness to use telemedicine, with odds ratios (ORs) of 5.90 (95% CI 3.43‐10.15), 5.43(95% CI 3.12‐9.43), and 4.45 (95% CI 2.60‐7.62), respectively. Additionally, the younger adults were more likely to be interested in using telemedicine with an OR of 2.02 (95% CI 1.21‐33.37). Conclusions: Our study addressed the low level of eHealth literacy, with more concerning figures among older adults compared to younger adults in a middle-income country. The willingness to adopt digital technologies related strongly to level of eHealth literacy. This information may be beneficial for guiding further improvements and promoting digital health in low- and middle-income settings facing the challenges of an aging population.Item Metadata only Determinants of Anemia Among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence(2025-01-01) Prapaiwong P.; Ruksakulpiwat S.; Jariyasakulwong P.; Kasetkala P.; Puwarawuttipanit W.; Pongsuwun K.; Prapaiwong P.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize empirical evidence regarding determinants of anemia among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to inform clinical management and guide future research. Methods: A comprehensive search of six electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar) was conducted for studies published from 2019 to 2024, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists tailored to each study design, and data synthesis was performed using convergent thematic analysis. Results: Of 2269 records initially identified, 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Most studies originated from China (33.3%), employed cross-sectional designs (66.6%), and were hospital-based. Overall methodological quality was moderate to high, with JBI scores ranging from 69.23% to 100% (mean = 86.48%); notably, 47.6% of studies achieved a perfect quality score. Seven key themes emerged: 1) demographic and personal characteristics, 2) comorbidities, 3) duration of dialysis treatment, 4) kidney function, 5) biomarkers and metabolic ions, 6) geographic disparities, and 7) stimulation interventions (including stimulating agents, supplements, and exercise). Our review highlights that comorbidity (eg, diabetes mellitus, low BMI), declining kidney function, prolonged dialysis duration, and biomarkers such as calcium, phosphorus, ferritin, and inflammatory markers were significantly associated with anemia. Geographic disparities highlighted greater anemia prevalence in rural populations. Conclusion: This review underscores multifaceted determinants of anemia in CKD, emphasizing comprehensive assessment and targeted interventions. Future research should explore individualized strategies addressing these diverse factors.