Innovative Applications of Biopolymeric Nanoparticles in Environmental Remediation

Abstract

This chapter discusses the role of biopolymeric nanoparticles in advancing environmental remediation techniques across soil, water, and air systems. It highlights the growing urgency to address pollution and ecological degradation driven by industrialization and urban development. Biopolymeric nanoparticles—nanoscale materials derived from natural polymers like chitosan, alginate, and cellulose are presented as promising, eco-friendly solutions due to their high surface area, biocompatibility, and customizable properties. The chapter discusses methods for their synthesis and functionalization, along with their various mechanisms of action, including adsorption, catalytic degradation, and interactions with microorganisms. Applications include removing heavy metals and organic pollutants from water, improving soil quality, and controlling air pollution by capturing particulate matter and VOCs. Case studies illustrate their real-world impact, and the chapter concludes by addressing future prospects and challenges related to scalability and implementation. Overall, this chapter highlights the potential of biopolymeric nanoparticles to offer sustainable, nanotechnology-driven solutions to pressing environmental problems.