Ivermectin metabolites reduce Anopheles survival
Issued Date
2023-12-01
Resource Type
eISSN
20452322
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85160047489
Journal Title
Scientific Reports
Volume
13
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Scientific Reports Vol.13 No.1 (2023)
Suggested Citation
Kobylinski K.C., Tipthara P., Wamaket N., Chainarin S., Kullasakboonsri R., Sriwichai P., Phasomkusolsil S., Hanboonkunupakarn B., Jittamala P., Gemmell R., Boyle J., Wrigley S., Steele J., White N.J., Tarning J. Ivermectin metabolites reduce Anopheles survival. Scientific Reports Vol.13 No.1 (2023). doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34719-2 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/82921
Title
Ivermectin metabolites reduce Anopheles survival
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Ivermectin mass drug administration to humans or livestock is a potential vector control tool for malaria elimination. The mosquito-lethal effect of ivermectin in clinical trials exceeds that predicted from in vitro laboratory experiments, suggesting that ivermectin metabolites have mosquito-lethal effect. The three primary ivermectin metabolites in humans (i.e., M1 (3″-O-demethyl ivermectin), M3 (4-hydroxymethyl ivermectin), and M6 (3″-O-demethyl, 4-hydroxymethyl ivermectin) were obtained by chemical synthesis or bacterial modification/metabolism. Ivermectin and its metabolites were mixed in human blood at various concentrations, blood-fed to Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus mosquitoes, and mortality was observed daily for fourteen days. Ivermectin and metabolite concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry to confirm the concentrations in the blood matrix. Results revealed that neither the LC50 nor LC90 values differed between ivermectin and its major metabolites for An. dirus or An. minimus., Additionally, there was no substantial differences in the time to median mosquito mortality when comparing ivermectin and its metabolites, demonstrating an equal rate of mosquito killing between the compounds evaluated. These results demonstrate that ivermectin metabolites have a mosquito-lethal effect equal to the parent compound, contributing to Anopheles mortality after treatment of humans.