Scopus 2023
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/81307
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Metadata only A Report on Attempts to Acquire Exercise Habits Through Japanese Health Education for Adult Workers from Cebu, Philippines(2023-01-01) Peter A.S.; Pastor N.I.S.; Sarza S.T.; Apid R.A.; Suchinda M.J.; Sasamori F.; Ashida K.; Okuhara M.; Watanabe N.; Nishino T.; Tabuchi H.; Terasawa K.; Peter A.S.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Good health is a pivotal aspect of daily life that contributes to social development. Physical activity is a vital component of a healthy lifestyle. Health promotion enables individuals to increase their control and improve their health, and health programs promote physical activity to improve health. Objectives: This study aims to introduce the Japanese health education guidelines according to the requirements of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001-certified health education system in the Cebu region of the Philippines and aims to improve the health of the participants. Methods: A 12-month health program was implemented in Cebu City, and 43 participants were recruited, aged 35.0 ± 9.9 years (mean ± SD), including 22 men aged 35.6 ± 7.9 years and 21 women aged 34.3 ± 7.9 years. The effects of the health program and physical activity were assessed using brain function tests and blood chemistry profiles before and after the program. Results: The average number of total daily steps taken by the 43 participants was 6,052. The weight and eyes-open single-leg stance for balance significantly improved. However, no significant differences were observed in the other physical fitness parameters, blood pressure, and brain function values. Conclusions: This health education is characterized by a mechanism that enables the setting of the next goal based on these evaluations and how to improve health. The participants have to be motivated to aim for a 7,000 daily step goal. Therefore, the participants and the staff involved in health education should build a relationship of trust and a deep bond, and the exercise continuation rate may increase, leading to a higher quality of life.Item Metadata only Using the Self-regulated Based Personalized Online Learning System for Learning Factorization in Mathematics(2023-01-01) Ingkavara T.; Panjaburee P.; Wongkia W.; Ingkavara T.; Mahidol UniversityDeveloping a self-regulated based personalized online learning system (SPOLS) for learning factorization aimed to provide appropriate learning materials that allow students to learn factorization and control themselves to accomplish their target. The study aimed to investigate the impact of using SPOLS on students' learning achievement and their perception of online self-regulated ability. The participants consisted of a single group comprising seventy-two eighth-grade students. They were administered pre-and post-tests before and after completing a lesson on factorization. Additionally, they were required to rate their scores on an online self-regulated questionnaire before and after utilizing SPOLS. The results showed that incorporating SPOLS led to a statistically significant increase in the average students' achievement on the post-test for the numerical factorization compared to their performance on the pre-test. However, using SPOLS for learning polynomial factorization did not elicit a statistically significant change in achievement scores. Moreover, in part of the self¬regulated ability, after using SPOLS participants' scoring on pre-and post-self¬regulated questionnaires, Chi-square implies discovering the relationship between two categorical variables. The result showed that seventeen questionnaire items were statistically significant after using SPOLS.Item Metadata only Comparison of Effectiveness, Patient Satisfaction, and Durability between 3D-Printed Customized Insoles and Conventional Custom-Made Insoles for Flat Feet: A Randomized Controlled Trial(2023-01-01) Prakotmongkol V.; Chaemkhuntod C.; Nutchamlong Y.; Charoenvitvorakul T.; Tongsai S.; Janvikul W.; Thavornyutikarn B.; Kosorn W.; Praewpipat B.; Prakotmongkol V.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: To compare foot and ankle function, patient satisfaction, and insole durability between 3D-printed customized insoles and conventional custom-made insoles for the treatment of flat feet. Study design: A randomized controlled trial. Setting: Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Subjects: Sixty Thais with bilateral flat feet. Methods: Participants were randomized into either the 3D-printed insole group (study) or the conventional insole group (control). The effectiveness of both types of insoles was compared using the visual analog scale foot and ankle (VAS-FA) score to evaluate foot and ankle function, navicular height, and participant insole use to evaluate insole durability. Patient feedback was used to evaluate patient satisfaction. Results: Patient characteristics and baseline VAS-FA score were comparable between groups. The median change (range) in VAS-FA score from baseline to the third month score was 1.5 (-6.3, 68.0; p = 0.002) in the study group and 4.0 (-6.5, 35.0; p < 0.001) in the control group. Mean and standard deviation change in the deformation of insoles in the third month were as follows: right side in the study group: 0.2 (0.3) cm (p = 0.010) and in the controls: 0.2(0.3) cm (p < 0.001); left side among study group 0.1 (0.2) cm (p = 0.005) and in the controls: 0.3 (0.4) cm (p = 0.001). In addition, the study group overall satisfaction score was significantly higher than the control group: 3.8 (0.4) vs. 3.3 (0.6), respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The VAS-FA scores significantly improved at three months in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Deformation of insoles was found in both groups with no significant difference between the groups. Measured durability and patient-reported satisfaction were both statistically significantly higher in the study group than in the control group.Item Metadata only Construct Validity and Internal Consistency Reliability of the Thai Version of the Telephone-Based Cognitive Screening Tool(2023-09-01) Ammawat W.; Thavornpaiboonbud N.; Attanak A.; Oanmun K.; Wangkawan T.; Ammawat W.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: To affirm the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the Thai version of the Telephone-Based Cognitive Screening Tool (Thai-TeBCOG). Study design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Health-promoting hospitals, elderly schools in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, Chon Buri, and Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Subjects: Participants of the study were 225 healthy adult volunteers between the ages of 23 and 80 and were from Thailand’s city of Bangkok and provinces of Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, Chon Buri, and Nakhon Si Thammarat. The volunteers were evaluated and assessed to be free of dementia, cognitive impairment, and depression. Methods: Participants’ demographics and information were gathered using a number of instruments and two main procedures. Firstly, items on the screening instruments were addressed through face-to-face interviews lasting on average approximately 15 minutes. Secondly, the Thai-TeBCOG was administered remotely over the phone for about 20 minutes. Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied in assessing the questionnaire’s construct validity. Results: There were 13 items on the Thai version of the Telephone-Based Cognitive Screening Tool. The internal consistency and the construct validity of the screening tool were examined by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. The results showed that the Thai-TeBCOG’s internal consistency was acceptable with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.75. The construct validity of the tool was evaluated using EFA, and four extracted factors accounted for 54.48% of the total variance. Conclusions: Four domains of individual differences were investigated. This study contributes to a growing body of knowledge aimed at increasing the effectiveness of cognitive screening tools for adults in different contexts.Item Metadata only Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Short-Form Barthel Index for Older Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery(2023-09-01) Pongratanakul R.; Thitisakulchai P.; Srinonprasert V.; Siriussawakul A.; Suraarunsumrit P.; Dajpratham P.; Pongratanakul R.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: To develop and evaluate psychometric properties of a short-form of the Barthel Index. Study design: Retrospective study. Setting: A university hospital in Thailand. Subjects: Patients aged 60 or over who had abdominal surgery and were enrolled in the Siriraj Integrated Perioperative Geriatric Excellent Research Center studies between January 2017 and August 2021. Methods: Electronic medical records of patients were retrospectively reviewed and 96 patients were recruited. Items from the Barthel index were chosen for the short-form based on importance as determined from the index of overall superiority which was obtained from each item’s total correlation score and the effect size of the item. The psychometric properties of the short-form were analyzed. Results: The mean Barthel index score dropped from 92.8 at the time of surgery to 87.6 four weeks post-surgery. The five items with the highest ranking in the index of overall superiority were toilet use, stair climbing, bathing, mobility, and dressing. The psychometric properties of the 3-item and the 5-item versions included internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients 0.72 and 0.84), intraclass correlation coefficient (0.72 (95%CI 0.60-0.80) and 0.74 (95%CI 0.61-0.83), and responsiveness to change (effect size 0.69 and 0.52), respectively. The 5-item version showed higher internal consistency, while the 3-item version had superior responsiveness to change. Conclusions: We recommend the use of the 3-item version as a screening tool for detecting functional changes in older adults undergoing abdominal surgery because of its superior responsiveness to change. Additionally, it requires less assessment time and is more practical for use in clinical practice.Item Metadata only The Effect of Pediatric Telerehabilitation on Parental Stress, Caregiver Burden, and Satisfaction of Children with Disabilities during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Thailand(2023-01-01) Chavasiri S.; Kongkasuwan R.; Ploypetch T.; Tassatarn S.; Chavasiri S.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: To assess the effect of pediatric telerehabilitation on parental stress, caregiver burden, and satisfaction of children with disabilities during the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Thailand. Study design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. Subjects: A total of 40 caregivers of patients with disabilities who were followed up at the outpatient unit of the Pediatric Rehabilitation Service between February 1, 2021 and November 30, 2021 were divided into a participating telerehabilitation group (n = 20) and a non-participating telerehabilitation or non-intervention group (n = 20). Only caregivers who answered the questionnaires completely were included in the study. Methods: The researchers collected information from caregivers using both pre-intervention questionnaires (before commencing telerehabilitation) and post-intervention questionnaires (after two months of telerehabilitation) including general data, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). The primary outcome of interest was pre-intervention to post-intervention change in DASS-21. The secondary outcomes were pre-intervention to post-intervention changes in ZBI in the telerehabilitation and non-intervention groups and telerehabilitation satisfaction (CSQ-8) in the telerehabilitation group Results: Changes reduction in ZBI scores was statistically significantly greater in the telerehabilitation group than in the non-intervention group. Caregivers in the telerehabilitation group indicated high satisfaction and reported good compliance with the online intervention. However, there was no statistically significant difference in DASS-21 change between the telerehabilitation and non-intervention groups. No clinical complaints were reported in either group. Conclusions: Pediatric telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 outbreak helped relieve caregiver burden with a high level of satisfaction and without clinical complaints.Item Metadata only Short-Term Efficacy of Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation in Reducing Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial(2023-05-01) Keesukphan A.; Phakdepiboon T.; Iamchaimongkol A.; Keesukphan A.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: To investigate the short-term efficacy of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on pain reduction in knee osteoarthritis. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Subjects: Knee osteoarthritis patients with Kellgren-Lawrence classification (KL) 2-4 and Visual analog scale (VAS) > 4. Methods: Participants were allocated into two groups. The rPMS group received 6,000 pulses of magnetic stimulation of the knee joint at a frequency of 20 Hertz for one session, and the sham group received a sham stimulation for one session. All the participants received conventional treatment. The result was measured by VAS and the Thai version of the modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score. Results: The KL 2, 3, and 4 grades of the 30 participants, average age 62.83 years (SD 6.38), were 16, 11, and 3, respectively. The median (Q1, Q3) decrement of VAS between baseline and immediately after treatment and between baseline and one week after treatment of the rPMS group were 47 (38, 59) and 21 (9, 46). The median (Q1, Q3) decrement of VAS between baseline and immediately after treatment and between baseline and one week after treatment of the sham group were 41 (29, 50) and 17 (3, 30). The median (Q1, Q3) decrement of modified WOMAC between baseline and one week after treatment of rPMS and sham group were 25 (7, 53) and 2 (1, 15). The study found improvement of VAS and modified WOMAC in both groups, but the change in VAS was not statistically significant while modified WOMAC in the rPMS group showed statistically significant. Conclusions: rPMS provides no significant additional therapeutic effect in a short-term improvement of pain in primary knee osteoarthritis patients compared with sham treatment.Item Metadata only The Efficacy of Ortho-Prosthesis and Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis on Functional Gait Activities in Pediatric Congenital Limb Deficiency: A Case Report(2023-09-01) Thammakornsuksiri T.; Algabri Y.A.; Nouman M.; Thammakornsuksiri T.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of ortho-prosthesis and knee-ankle foot orthosis (KAFO) in improving functional gait activities in children with congenital limb deficiencies. Study design: A case report. Setting: Sirindhorn School of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. Subjects: The study presents the case of a 10-year-old child with a left congenital femoral deficiency with fibular hemimelia and right tibial hemimelia. Methods: A pediatric orthopedist provided surgical treatment, and a prosthetist and orthotist prescribed the design, choosing the appropriate KAFO for the right side and ortho-prosthesis for the left side. Outcome measurements were recorded using the Four Square Step Test (FSST), Time Up and Go (TUG) Test, and the 10-Meter Walk Test after using the devices for two and five months. Results: The results of FSST and TUG showed improvement after five months of training, with 19.69% and 34.25% less time required, respectively. The parameters of the 10-Meter Walk Test also improved after five months of training. Conclusions: Appropriate fitting of different devices and training using those devices can help improve balance and functional gait activities in children with congenital limb deficiencies.Item Metadata only Efficacy of High-Intensity Laser Therapy in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial(2023-05-01) Eurcherdkul P.; Veerapong T.; Sukpanpradid P.; Chira-Adisai W.; Eurcherdkul P.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives: To conduct a double-blinded randomized controlled trial study of the efficacy of high-intensity laser in patellofemoral pain syndrome patients in Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand. Study design: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Subjects: A total of 18 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome for at least three months were studied. Methods: Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. The treatment group received high-intensity laser therapy (frequency 20 Hz, energy 1,530 mJ/cm2, total energy 3,000 joules per session (6 sessions, 2-3 sessions per week) at an average power of 10.5 W). The control group received sham laser therapy (6 sessions, 2-3 sessions per week). In both groups, the patients were advised to exercise and to make lifestyle modifications. Pain (assessed by the VAS pain scale), functional ability of the lower extremity (assessed by the Thai version of the Kujala scoring questionnaire), and quality of life (assessed by Short Form-36 health survey version 2.0, SF-36V2) were collected before and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment. Results: At baseline, demographic data as well as pain, function, and quality of life were similar between the groups. The differences in VAS decrement from baseline in the treatment and control groups after 3 weeks were 44.0 (28.0) and 34.0 (24.8), after 6 weeks were 44.0 (28.0) and 38.0 (37.3), and after 12 weeks were 47.0 (35.0) and 35.0 (41.3), respectively. There was statistically significant improvement in pain (VAS score), functional ability (Kujala score), and quality of life (SF-36V2) within both groups compared to before treatment (p <0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in those values between the treatment and control groups at 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Conclusions: The efficacy of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) combined with effective exercise was not significantly different from exercise alone in improving pain, function, or QOL.Item Metadata only MICROBIOME’S INFLUENCE ON EFFICACY OF COVID-19 VACCINES(2023-01-01) Soothiosoth D.; Pradubyat N.; Soothiosoth D.; Mahidol UniversityWith the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare workers as well as scientists are pressured by external expectations to find effective approaches that would prevent the spread of the virus within a short period of time including, possible cures, different types of prevention and vaccines. Indeed, the vaccines may have been produced within an appropriate amount of time during the pandemic. However, throughout the processes taken in preventing the spread of the virus, many steps were overlooked. Thus, the efficacy of these vaccines is not at their fullest potential. Here, we discuss a hypothesis emerging from the studies below, regarding the human microbiome influence on the overall efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. The microbiota’s crucial role in modulating vaccine immune responses is further explained through other immune processes that require the help of the mi-crobiota as well as factors that help strengthen or weaken the relationship between the human immune responses and the microbiota itself.Item Metadata only Antioxidant Activity and a-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Mesona chinensis Aqueous Extract(2023-09-01) Suriyaphan O.; Tangsathitkulchai K.; Chewchinda S.; Lomarat P.; Sato V.H.; Suriyaphan O.; Mahidol UniversityMesona chinensis is raw material for the production of a black grass jelly in Thailand. Mesona chinensis aqueous extract (MCAE) has been reported as a promising anti-hyperglycemia agent. The better understanding of MCAE on its production and biological activities would facilitate the development of a new functional ingredient and beverage. Thus, the effects of botanical source on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity of MCAE were investigated. In this present study, we prepared four MCAEs from M. chinensis plants imported from China (2 sources), Vietnam, and Indonesia. Based on data analysis, botanical source of M. chinensis significantly governed total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and a-glucosidase inhibition activity of MCAE ( p<0. 05) . The results showed that MCAEs possessed considerable amount of total phenolics (68.63-133.27 mg GAE/g) and trace amount of total flavonoids (3.49-5.83 mg QE/g). MCAEs exhibited potent antioxidant (IC50=17.54-37.98 mg/mL) and efficient inhibitor against alpha-glucosidase (IC50=4.77-26.86 mg/mL). The enzyme kinetics data revealed that MCAE inhibited a-glucosidase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the Lineweaver-Burk plot elucidated that the inhibition type of a-glucosidase activity by MCAE was a noncompetitive manner with the inhibitory constant (Ki) of 2.67 mg/mL.Item Metadata only Composition and Management Plan of the Hawker Solid Waste in Thewet Area, Bangkok(2023-09-01) Homsuwan T.; Kamnerdpetch C.; Sucharitkul S.; Homsuwan T.; Mahidol UniversityThis survey research aimed to study the waste composition, influence factors, and management guidelines for the solid waste generated from different types of hawkers in the Thewet area, Dusit District of Bangkok. It was found that there were 71 hawker stalls in the study area, including of 42 food stalls, 17 fruit/vegetable stalls, 5 beverage stalls, and 7 miscellaneous stalls. The average weight of waste generated was 181. 0 0 ± 7. 15 kilograms/day. The vast majority (84.23%) of the waste generated was organic waste, about 152.46 ± 7.15 kilograms/day, while the resalable waste and non-resalable waste were found in small amounts, which about 15.66 ± 0. 65 and 12. 88 ± 0. 29 kilograms/ day, respectively. It was also revealed that significant differences (95% confidence level, p<0.05) in waste composition were found in different types of hawkers, and during the long holiday periods. These findings highlighted that the study area needed more appropriate and effective waste management, consisting of (1) waste minimization and separation, (2) waste collection improvement and waste utilization according to the circular economy model, and (3) public-private-people participation. These results could be used for hawker waste management by the responsible agency, and be applied in similar areas to enhance sustainable tourism, along with eco-friendly development and growth.Item Metadata only Comparative Stem Anatomy of Some Dicotyledon Plants from 7 Families(2023-01-01) Singhakaew S.; Hamkrasri A.; Phaenark C.; Singhakaew S.; Mahidol UniversityThe objective of this research was to compare the anatomy of selected plant stems from different families. The specimens were 23 collected plant stems (3-4 species per each family) from 7 families (Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Lamiaceae, and Piperaceae). The specimens were subjected to paraffin-based tissue preparation in preparation of permanent slides displaying cross-sections of stem tissue suitable for the study of arrangement of permanent tissues and vascular tissues in different plant stems using light microscopy. The results showed that sclerenchyma tissue arrangements were different in plants of different families, for example, in Asteraceae, the sclerenchyma forms clusters adjacent to the phloem structure. The sclerenchyma of Cucurbitaceae plants is circumferentially arranged in the cortex. In Piperaceae, the sclerenchyma is organized as a continuous band around the pit. The arrangement of the vascular tissues is also different in various families, for example, the vascular bundle spreads around the stem in the Asteraceae family. The vascular bundle penetrates into the pit of the Amaranthaceae and Piperaceae plants. While plants of the Cucurbitaceae family contain two groups of phloem (bicollateral bundle). Sclerenchyma and vascular organization, which are conserved in plants of the same family and distinctive from that of other families, can be exploited in identification and classification of the unknown plants. The unique tissue structures in the stem of plants from different family could also be fruitful for species identification, teaching and taxonomic studies.Item Metadata only Study the Physicochemical Property of Basil Mucilage Powder and Applying for Development of Weight Control Beverage(2023-05-01) Sangsuriyawong A.; Phongsrikun S.; Sinchaipanit P.; Peasura N.; Sirivarasai J.; Sangsuriyawong A.; Mahidol UniversityThe objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties of basil mucilage for the development of weight control beverage. The extraction yield of the basil seed mucilage powder was about 15% by weight. Basil mucilage powder ( 100 g) contained 1. 65 g protein, 0. 82 g fat, 5. 22 g ash, 86. 5 g carbohydrates, and 5.8% moisture content. In addition, basil mucilage powder contained about 78% by weight of dietary fiber that was composed of about 21% soluble fiber and 57% insoluble fiber. Basil mucilage powder showed very high swelling property (40%), water holding value about 140 g/g, particle size range between 100-120 mesh, and 0. 25 of water activity. The result of microbiological analysis showed that total plate count was 6.6 x 103 CFU/g, Escherichia coli was less than 3 MPN/g, and Salmonella was not detected in 25 g of sample. The development of an orange flavor and sugar free beverage powder was further studied by using the extracted basil mucilage powder. A beverage formulation with the highest sensory acceptance score (n = 6, 5-points hedonic scale) contained 6 g basil mucilage powder, 1.5 g sorbitol, 0.045 g sucralose, 0.6 g citric acid, 0. 06 g salt, 0. 15 g orange flavor, and 0. 03 g of orange food coloring per 1 sachet or 1 serving size. A basil mucilage beverage product will be further studied the influence satiation in human studies.Item Metadata only Gait Analysis of Running and the Management of Common Injuries(2023-01-01) Hébert-Losier K.; Sinsurin K.; Hébert-Losier K.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Factors Associated with the Reporting of Incidents of Needlestick Injuries and Body Fluids Exposure among Clinical-Year Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study Performed at Siriraj Hospital(2023-07-01) Noosen P.; Wannarat N.; Koomanachai P.; Noosen P.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: Several studies and observational reports have highlighted the widespread underreporting of healthcare-associated injuries among healthcare personnel, especially medical students. Such underreporting can mask substandard medical practice and can lead to adverse complications if the injuries are not treated. The present study aimed to explore the reasons for the reporting and the factors associated with the non-reporting of needlestick injuries (NSIs) or exposure to a patient’s body substances among medical students in clinical practice. Method: Convenience-based sampling was used to collect data from medical student groups for a clinical research study. Questionnaires were distributed to 554 medical students studying at the clinical level in the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital. The student responses were statistically analyzed via the frequency and percentages of the answers, as well as by chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Overall, 401 (72.38%) medical students completed and returned the questionnaire, comprising 192 (47.9%) male and 209 (52.1%) female students. Among these, 135 medical students in the 6th year of study stated they had experienced NSI (53%) or exposure to patients’ body substances (47%), although only 61% had reported such incidents. The most significant factor associated with the reporting of incidents was anxiousness about being infected (56.6%, p=0.02); while the injury type was the factor most associated with the non-reporting of incidents, especially when the injury was not considered serious and the risk of contagion was considered low (63.5%). Conclusion: The most important factor associated with the reporting or non-reporting of incidents was medical students’ concern about being infected from an incident. This reasoning though is inappropriate for monitoring medical practice. Safety guidelines for the management of injuries during medical practice need to be implemented and clarified for all medical students to ensure they are adhered to and that incidents are properly reported and managed. Further study should be carried out after implementing the guidelines for monitoring their effectiveness.Item Metadata only pWCP is a widely distributed and highly conserved Wolbachia plasmid in Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes worldwide(2023-12-01) Ghousein A.; Tutagata J.; Schrieke H.; Etienne M.; Chaumeau V.; Boyer S.; Pages N.; Roiz D.; Eren A.M.; Cambray G.; Reveillaud J.; Ghousein A.; Mahidol UniversityMosquitoes represent the most important pathogen vectors and are responsible for the spread of a wide variety of poorly treatable diseases. Wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria that are widely distributed among arthropods and collectively represents one of the most promising solutions for vector control. In particular, Wolbachia has been shown to limit the transmission of pathogens, and to dramatically affect the reproductive behavior of their host through its phage WO. While much research has focused on deciphering and exploring the biocontrol applications of these WO-related phenotypes, the extent and potential impact of the Wolbachia mobilome remain poorly appreciated. Notably, several Wolbachia plasmids, carrying WO-like genes and Insertion Sequences (IS), thus possibly interrelated to other genetic units of the endosymbiont, have been recently discovered. Here we investigated the diversity and biogeography of the first described plasmid of Wolbachia in Culex pipiens (pWCP) in several islands and continental countries around the world—including Cambodia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Thailand, and Mexico—together with mosquito strains from colonies that evolved for 2 to 30 years in the laboratory. We used PCR and qPCR to determine the presence and copy number of pWCP in individual mosquitoes, and highly accurate Sanger sequencing to evaluate potential variations. Together with earlier observation, our results show that pWCP is omnipresent and strikingly conserved among Wolbachia populations within mosquitoes from distant geographies and environmental conditions. These data suggest a critical role for the plasmid in Wolbachia ecology and evolution, and the potential of a great tool for further genetic dissection and possible manipulation of this endosymbiont.Item Metadata only Influences of Compressive Strength and Casting Position on Flexural Strength of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Mortar(2023-07-01) Daungwilailuk T.; Kittikornjarus B.; Kitchanurak S.; Innchou T.; Attachaiyawuth A.; Daungwilailuk T.; Mahidol UniversityThis article presents the results on the effects of compressive strength, amount of polypropylene fiber and casting position on the flexural strength of polypropylene fiber-reinforced self-compacting mortar in order to identify suitable factors for using such a construction material. The results revealed that the compressive strength slightly improved (around 4%) when the fiber content was 1%. However, compressive strength decreased by 19% when the fiber content increased to 2%. The specimens in the present study had flexural strengths of around 6.0-6.4% of the compressive strengths of the mortar without fiber; flexural strength increased to 24% of compressive strength when the fiber content increased to 2% and when casting was performed at the middle of the beam. The flexural strength of the mortar significantly increased as the fiber content increased; the increase was approximately 33% and 90% as the fiber content increased to 1% and 2% by volume of the mortar. Casting position apparently affected the flexural strength. Pouring at the center of a beam resulted in 20% increase in the flexural strength. Because of the decrease in the compressive strength when the fiber content increased to 2%, polypropylene fiber-reinforced self-compacting mortar might not be suitable for compression members. On the other hand, such a mortar is appropriate for flexural members. The mortar would exhibit the best performance when casting is performed at the center of beam.Item Metadata only Trends in eczema prevalence in children and adolescents: A Global Asthma Network Phase I Study(2023-03-01) Langan S.M.; Mulick A.R.; Rutter C.E.; Silverwood R.J.; Asher I.; García-Marcos L.; Ellwood E.; Bissell K.; Chiang C.Y.; El-Sony A.; Ellwood P.; Marks G.B.; Mortimer K.; Elena Martínez-Torres A.; Morales E.; Perez-Fernandez V.; Robertson S.; Williams H.C.; Strachan D.P.; Pearce N.; Asher M.I.; Bissell K.; Chiang C.Y.; El-Sony A.; Ellwood E.; Ellwood P.; García-Marcos L.; Marks G.B.; Morales E.; Mortimer K.; Pearce N.; Masekela R.; Strachan D.P.; Perez-Fernández V.; Martinez-Torres A.; Robertson S.; Rutter C.E.; Silverwood R.J.; Mallol J.; Soto-Martinez M.E.; Cabrera Aguilar A.; Douros K.; Mohammed S.; Singh M.; Singh V.; Sukumaran T.U.; Awasthi S.; Kabra S.K.; Salvi S.; García-Almaráz R.; Mérida-Palacio J.V.; Del-Río-Navarro B.E.; González-Díaz S.N.; Navarrete-Rodriguez E.M.; Sánchez J.F.; Falade A.; Zar H.J.; López-Silvarrey Varela A.; González Díaz C.; Nour M.; Dib G.; Mohammad Y.; Huang J.L.; Chinratanapisit S.; Soto-Quirós M.E.; Vichyanond P.; Aguilar P.; Barba S.; Kumar L.; Sharma S.K.; Hanumante N.M.; Mérida-Palacio J.V.; Linares-Zapién F.J.; Onadeko B.O.; Musa O.A.A.; Aguirre V.; Baeza-Bacab M.; Mohammad S.; Cortéz E.; Gratziou C.H.; Chopra K.; Nelson H.; Rubio A.D.; Hsieh K.H.; Shah J.; Langan S.M.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a major global public health issue with high prevalence and morbidity. Our goal was to evaluate eczema prevalence over time, using standardized methodology. Methods: The Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I study is an international collaborative study arising from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC). Using surveys, we assessed eczema prevalence, severity, and lifetime prevalence, in global centres participating in GAN Phase I (2015–2020) and one/ both of ISAAC Phase I (1993–1995) and Phase III (2001–2003). We fitted linear mixed models to estimate 10-yearly prevalence trends, by age group, income, and region. Results: We analysed GAN Phase I data from 27 centres in 14 countries involving 74,361 adolescents aged 13–14 and 47,907 children aged 6–7 (response rate 90%, 79%). A median of 6% of children and adolescents had symptoms of current eczema, with 1.1% and 0.6% in adolescents and children, respectively, reporting symptoms of severe eczema. Over 27 years, after adjusting for world region and income, we estimated small overall 10-year increases in current eczema prevalence (adolescents: 0.98%, 95% CI 0.04%–1.92%; children: 1.21%, 95% CI 0.18%–2.24%), and severe eczema (adolescents: 0.26%, 95% CI 0.06%–0.46%; children: 0.23%, 95% CI 0.02%–0.45%) with larger increases in lifetime prevalence (adolescents: 2.71%, 95% CI 1.10%–4.32%; children: 3.91%, 95% CI 2.07%–5.75%). There was substantial heterogeneity in 10-year change between centres (standard deviations 2.40%, 0.58%, and 3.04%), and strong evidence that some of this heterogeneity was explained by region and income level, with increases in some outcomes in high-income children and middle-income adolescents. Conclusions: There is substantial variation in changes in eczema prevalence over time by income and region. Understanding reasons for increases in some regions and decreases in others will help inform prevention strategies.Item Metadata only Foreign language reading anxiety: Exploring the experiences of EFL students at a state university in Padang, Indonesia(2023-04-28) Fitrawati; Kamil I.; Perrodin D.D.; Fitrawati; Mahidol UniversityThis study investigates the levels of foreign language reading anxiety among EFL students at a state university in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, to identify the main factors contributing to this anxiety. The study included 30 participants who provided data through two questionnaires. The first questionnaire utilized the Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (FLRAS) to assess anxiety levels, while the second questionnaire aimed to determine the primary factor behind this anxiety. The results indicated that 67% of the students experienced moderate anxiety, 20% experienced high levels, and 13% reported low anxiety. The study identified two main factors influencing foreign language reading anxiety: text features and personal factors. Text features encompassed unfamiliar vocabulary, topics, and culture, while personal factors included concerns about the effect of reading and fear of making errors. The second questionnaire revealed that unfamiliar language ranked as the most dominant factor, followed by concerns about the impact of reading, unfamiliar topics, fear of making errors, and unfamiliar culture. Recognizing that reading anxiety is a common experience among language learners is essential. However, with the proper support and guidance, students can overcome these challenges and succeed in their English language learning journey.