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- ItemBibliometric Review Methodology and State of the Science Review of Research on Problem-based Learning, 2017-2022(2023-12-31) Hallinger P.; Hallinger P.; Mahidol UniversityBibliometric reviews of research have gained increased popularity since the mid-2010s. Yet, many readers may be uncertain as to the purpose and method of bibliometric reviews. This article provides an introduction to bibliometric reviews, clarifies their purpose, and elaborates on methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The latter half of the article is devoted to an illustrative, state-of-the-science, bibliometric review of research on problem-based learning (PBL). In this illustrative review, the author applied descriptive statistics, citation analysis, and co-citation analysis to a database of 5,764 Scopus-indexed documents on problem-based learning published between 2017 and 2022. The analyses found increasing diversity of the PBL knowledge base with respect to geographical sources, subject area origins, and focus of the research compared with findings reported in past reviews. Author co-citation analysis visualized the intellectual structure of the recent PBL literature revealing four dominant schools of thought: Interdisciplinary PBL Theory and Practice, Active Learning, Social and Experiential Learning, and PBL Process. The findings highlight the continuing growth and spread of PBL, as well as a trend of integration with other methods of experiential and active learning.
- ItemDevelopment and validation of UPLC-TQD/MS method for quantification of six bioactive constituents in Thai herbal Benjakul formula(2023-01-01) Trakoolsilp B.; Vannabhum M.; Akarasereenont P.; Booranasubkajorn S.; Trakoolsilp B.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: Thai herbal Benjakul formula (BKF) is a Thai traditional medicine for balancing and nourishing body elements in unhealthy persons. It is composed of five pungent plants, namely fruits of Piper retrofractum Vahl., roots of Piper sarmentosum Roxb., stems of Piper wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz., roots of Plumbago indica L., and rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. There was no efficient method for quantification of the bioactive constituents in BKF using UPLC-TQD/MS. Objective: The objective of the study was to establish a method for quantification of some constituents of BKF, namely pellitorine (PE), piperine (PI), piperlonguminine (PLM), plumbagin (PG), 6-gingerol (GI), and 6-shogaol (SG) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-TQD/MS) and determine six bioactive constituents amount in Ayurved Siriraj® (AVS) and five brands of BKF randomly selected from the market. Materials and Methods: Six bioactive constituents were determined using UPLC-TQD/MS. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC® HSS T3 column using gradient elution with water and methanol. The method was fully validated in terms of the limit of detection, the lower limit of quantification precision, and recovery. Results: The method was a good linearity (R2 > 0.995) in the range of 1–75 ng/mL for all six bioactive constituents. The precision, accuracy, and recovery are in an acceptable range. The maximum concentrations of PE, PI, PLM, PG, GI, and SG in all samples were 0.342 ± 0.009%, 1.396 ± 0.020%, 0.080 ± 0.001%, 0.055 ± 0.003%, 0.165 ± 0.003%, and 0.175 ± 0.003%, w/w, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first study for quantification of the six standards in BKF using UPLC-TQD/MS. This method is useful in the quality control of BKF and can be used routinely in the manufacturing unit.
- ItemAnti-inflammatory activity of propolis extract from the stingless bee, Tetragonula pagdeni, in mangosteen orchard(2023-01-01) Parichatikanond W.; Mangmool S.; Chewchinda S.; Hirunpanich V.; Vongsak B.; Parichatikanond W.; Mahidol UniversityIn Thailand, Tetragonula pagdeni (TP) Schwarz is one of the most common and abundantly cultured stingless bee species in mangosteen orchards. The propolis extract of TP has been used as a traditional medicine to treat inflammation. TP propolis extract also exhibited antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial properties in scientific reports. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of TP propolis extract has been limited. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of TP propolis extract through alteration of mRNA expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and interleukin-10 [IL-10]). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to quantify the amount of major compounds, α-and γ-mangostin. TP propolis extract suppressed mRNA levels of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages and had no effect on IL-6 expression. HPLC quantification of α-and γ-mangostin yielded values of 36 and 34 μg/g extract, respectively. Therefore, we herein demonstrate that TP propolis extract exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect associated with the downregulation of genes involved in the inflammatory cascade. These findings suggest that TP propolis extract is a promising candidate as a nutraceutical or pharmaceutical product to relieve inflammation.
- ItemCURCUMA IGNEA (ZINGIBERACEAE), A SPECTACULAR NEW SPECIES FROM THAILAND(2023-02-16) Ruchisansakun S.; Jenjittikul T.; Ruchisansakun S.; Mahidol UniversityCurcuma ignea Ruchis. & Jenjitt., a new species in Curcuma subg. Ecomatae from Thailand, is described here. This species is distinct from others by the combination of open flowers and L-shaped anthers. It is most similar to Curcuma glans but differs by having anther spurs pointing outwards (vs divergent), remotely pilose corolla lobes (vs glabrous), and vivid red, green, to white bracts (vs pale green to green, with red veins). It is assessed as Endangered using IUCN categories and criteria.
- ItemBio-Signal Activated FPGA-Based System for Robotic-Assisted Rehabilitation(2023-01-01) Pillai H.H.; Lal Priya P.S.; Ekanayaka K.U.; Suthakorn J.; Pillai B.M.; Pillai H.H.; Mahidol UniversityThis paper presents a pivotal contribution to multi-modal bio-signal processing for robotic control applications, leveraging cutting-edge Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology to unlock new frontiers in accuracy, efficiency, and real-time control. The comprehensive hardware implementation strategy is characterized by the strategic utilization of a Fast Fourier Transform/ Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (FFT/IFFT) - based filtering algorithm optimized for Electroencephalogra-phy (EEG) signal processing. Concurrently, an inventive movement classification methodology powered by Electrooculography (EOG) signals is introduced. The core proposition of the paper revolves around the implementation of an EEG and EOG-driven Multi Input Single Output (MISO) control system, intended for the control of rehabilitation robots. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation in Lab VIEW. The algorithm has been seamlessly integrated into the My Rio 1900 hardware platform, leveraging the immense processing power of a Xilinx FPGA.
- ItemClinical Manifestations(2023-12-01) Senanarong V.; Piyaamornpan N.; Srisuwannanukorn S.; Tangthamrongthanawat K.; Mekhasingharak P.; Rattanabannakit C.; Wongkom N.; Hunnangkul S.; Senanarong V.; Mahidol UniversityBACKGROUND: Tools for web-based testing to detect cognitive impairment are still underdeveloped in Thailand. Our aim was to generate a web-based instrument to assess cognitive and functional abilities and to explore its ability for diagnosis of dementia and MCI. METHOD: We have developed a web application for cognitive and functional assessment to detect cognitive impairment. We hoped that subjects or family members could use this web-based tests at home as self-screening. These web-based tests included an electronic version of the Thai Mental State Examination (e-TMSE), a clock drawing test, a category verbal fluency test, a short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), and Thai activities of daily living scale (Thai ADL). Correlations, receiver operator curves (ROCs), sensitivity, and specificity were analyzed using SPSS (version 18). RESULT: A total of 198 participants (69% female, mean age 66.7 ± 10 years). 57.1% had education of more than 6 years. Forty-four were Major Neurocognitive Disorder, fifty-eight were Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MCI), and ninety-six were normal controls. The e-TMSE correlated with both paper-pencil based TMSE(r = 0.80,p<0.001) as well as clock drawing test (r = 0.470 p<0.001). There were also statistically significant high correlations between digital and paper & pencil tests (e.g, category verbal fluency test, A short form of the IQCODE, and ADL). For diagnosis of dementia, e-TMSE achieved an AUC of 0.84 (95% bootstrapped CI [0.78, 0.90]. The cut-off score ≤23 offered sensitivity and specificity of 88.6% and 70.1% respectively. For diagnosis of dementia with the combination of 5 e-tests, the AUC was 0.832 (p<0.001), while for MCI diagnosis, the AUC was 0.615 (p = 0.013). The area under the ROC of the IQCODE combined with ADL scale test was 0.907 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that our web application that included: e-TMSE, clock drawing test, category verbal fluency test, IQCODE and Thai-ADL scale showed good correlation between digital vs paper-pencil tests. Individual e-test and combination of them can offer self screening for MCI and dementia.
- ItemFish prey of the Great-billed Heron Ardea sumatrana in Mu Ko Surin National Park, Thailand(2023-12-01) Round P.D.; Kettratad J.; Round P.D.; Mahidol University
- ItemBuilding Prevention Tools for Sexual Violence in Family, School and Community of Thailand(2023-01-01) Kanyajit S.; Poonyarith S.; Sokantat N.; Mahakeeta C.; Nakpong P.; Kanyajit S.; Mahidol UniversitySexual violence can occur with people of all genders, sexual orientations, and age groups. The current study was carried out for building of prevention tools for checking sexual violence in family, schools and communities of Thailand via a mixed research design. The study aimed to investigate understanding of sexual violence and participants’ opinions toward making prevention tools of sexual violence in family, school and community. The quantitative stage employed a questionnaire to collect data from parents and/or guardians, school administrators and teachers at the secondary school, and community leaders and other individuals in the community. The sample size for the quantitative step was 2,420 participants while the qualitative step was conducted with 30 informants through Focus group discussion. These 30 key informants included police officers, public prosecutors, judges, correctional officers, officers from juvenile detention center, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Public Health, and governing officers from the Department of Provincial Administration, mass communication specialist and legal specialists. The results revealed that creating prevention tool for sexual violence needed cooperation among family, educational institution and community. In a family, parents or guardians should act as good role model and not demonstrate any inappropriate behavior that could stimulate a sexual assault. At schools, safety measures should be established and students should be educated on self-prevention from becoming victims of crime. In the community, people must help each other to monitor the population and create a safe environment to reduce crime.
- ItemDevelopment of Guidelines for Thailand's Pre-Release Programs Under the Soft Prison System(2023-01-01) Sukkasem T.; Rujipark V.; Sukkasem T.; Mahidol UniversityThailand practices pre-release programs under the soft prison system with the rationale that such programs would give offenders an opportunity to reform. This study aimed to find out the development of guidelines for Thailand’s pre-release programs under the soft prison. The research was carried out with 45 key informants through in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The sample included experts, academicians, executive officers and officials at headquarter of the Department of Corrections, prison wardens and officers in charge of pre-release programs under soft prison system. This study used questionaries, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to collect data. The study found that the development of guidelines for Thailand’s pre-release programs under the soft prison consisted of four essential factors which are development of pre-release programs in the soft prison, development of the prison environment, development of coordination with relevant agencies and planning of future policy of the soft prison. The findings of this study would provide useful insights to the policy makers and the legal experts to redefine the regulations and guidelines related to the pre-release programs under the soft prison.
- ItemDevelopment of Forensic Science Process Guidelines for Environmental Crime Investigations in Thailand(2023-01-01) Wiengsamut J.; Kanyajit S.; Sinloyma P.; Rujipark V.; Poonyarith S.; Wiengsamut J.; Mahidol UniversityThailand has encountered severe environmental issues including pollution, which have emanated in the form of environmental crime cases. The lack of forensic science expertise further worsens this condition. This research aimed at framing guidelines for the development of forensic science process to assist in environmental crime investigation in Thailand. By using a qualitative research design, data was collected from in-depth interviews with 49 key informants, who were all executive officers, judges, public prosecutors and academics involved in environmental crime investigations. The results revealed that forensic science process in environmental crime investigation in Thailand must develop human resource, relevant agency of environmental crime investigation, cooperation, modern equipment andtechnology. The study also suggestedthat it must builda knowledge base and a standardized forensic science manual to prescribe operating procedure for officers. This manual shouldbe adheredto by all relevant agency to perform their duties toward collecting, preserving, analyzing, and investigation of environmental crime in a uniform manner.