Factors Associated with Depression among Elderly in Mahalaxmi Municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal

Abstract

Depression is a common mental health problem among the elderly, and its prevalence is increasing. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of depression and the factors that contributed to depression. The study was conducted among 370 respondents aged 60 years and above obtained through multistage proportionate random sampling in Mahalaxmi Municipality, Lalitpur. Information was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire on socio-demogprahic factors, lifestyle factors, socio-economic factors, comorbid conditions, and depression using GDS-SF (Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods (chi-square, binary logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression). The results showed a high prevalence of depression (53.2%). Multiple logistic regression identified several statistically significant factors. The elderly in the 70-79 age group were 2.05 times, and those aged 80 years and above were 1.81 times more likely to have depression than those aged 60-69 years. Similarly, low social support (AOR = 13.86, CI: 5.81-33.08), and low quality of life (AOR = 5.65, CI: 3.06-10.41) were statistically significant factors associated with depression. Hence, this study highlights the need for addressing depression among the elderly through targeted effective interventions and prioritizing elderly mental health care by policymakers.