Omicron infection following vaccination enhances a broad spectrum of immune responses dependent on infection history
Issued Date
2023-12-01
Resource Type
eISSN
20411723
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85168449143
Pubmed ID
37604803
Journal Title
Nature Communications
Volume
14
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Nature Communications Vol.14 No.1 (2023)
Suggested Citation
Hornsby H., Nicols A.R., Longet S., Liu C., Tomic A., Angyal A., Kronsteiner B., Tyerman J.K., Tipton T., Zhang P., Gallis M., Supasa P., Selvaraj M., Abraham P., Neale I., Ali M., Barratt N.A., Nell J.M., Gustafsson L., Strickland S., Grouneva I., Rostron T., Moore S.C., Hering L.M., Dobson S.L., Bibi S., Mongkolsapaya J., Lambe T., Wootton D., Hall V., Hopkins S., Dong T., Barnes E., Screaton G., Richter A., Turtle L., Rowland-Jones S.L., Carroll M., Duncan C.J.A., Klenerman P., Dunachie S.J., Payne R.P., de Silva T.I. Omicron infection following vaccination enhances a broad spectrum of immune responses dependent on infection history. Nature Communications Vol.14 No.1 (2023). doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40592-4 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/88940
Title
Omicron infection following vaccination enhances a broad spectrum of immune responses dependent on infection history
Author(s)
Hornsby H.
Nicols A.R.
Longet S.
Liu C.
Tomic A.
Angyal A.
Kronsteiner B.
Tyerman J.K.
Tipton T.
Zhang P.
Gallis M.
Supasa P.
Selvaraj M.
Abraham P.
Neale I.
Ali M.
Barratt N.A.
Nell J.M.
Gustafsson L.
Strickland S.
Grouneva I.
Rostron T.
Moore S.C.
Hering L.M.
Dobson S.L.
Bibi S.
Mongkolsapaya J.
Lambe T.
Wootton D.
Hall V.
Hopkins S.
Dong T.
Barnes E.
Screaton G.
Richter A.
Turtle L.
Rowland-Jones S.L.
Carroll M.
Duncan C.J.A.
Klenerman P.
Dunachie S.J.
Payne R.P.
de Silva T.I.
Nicols A.R.
Longet S.
Liu C.
Tomic A.
Angyal A.
Kronsteiner B.
Tyerman J.K.
Tipton T.
Zhang P.
Gallis M.
Supasa P.
Selvaraj M.
Abraham P.
Neale I.
Ali M.
Barratt N.A.
Nell J.M.
Gustafsson L.
Strickland S.
Grouneva I.
Rostron T.
Moore S.C.
Hering L.M.
Dobson S.L.
Bibi S.
Mongkolsapaya J.
Lambe T.
Wootton D.
Hall V.
Hopkins S.
Dong T.
Barnes E.
Screaton G.
Richter A.
Turtle L.
Rowland-Jones S.L.
Carroll M.
Duncan C.J.A.
Klenerman P.
Dunachie S.J.
Payne R.P.
de Silva T.I.
Author's Affiliation
UK Health Security Agency
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
University of Oxford
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
University of Liverpool
Imperial College Faculty of Medicine
University of Birmingham
Boston University
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
Newcastle University
University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division
The University of Sheffield
MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine
The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
University of Oxford
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
University of Liverpool
Imperial College Faculty of Medicine
University of Birmingham
Boston University
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
Newcastle University
University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division
The University of Sheffield
MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine
The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Pronounced immune escape by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has resulted in many individuals possessing hybrid immunity, generated through a combination of vaccination and infection. Concerns have been raised that omicron breakthrough infections in triple-vaccinated individuals result in poor induction of omicron-specific immunity, and that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with immune dampening. Taking a broad and comprehensive approach, we characterize mucosal and blood immunity to spike and non-spike antigens following BA.1/BA.2 infections in triple mRNA-vaccinated individuals, with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. We find that most individuals increase BA.1/BA.2/BA.5-specific neutralizing antibodies following infection, but confirm that the magnitude of increase and post-omicron titres are higher in the infection-naive. In contrast, significant increases in nasal responses, including neutralizing activity against BA.5 spike, are seen regardless of infection history. Spike-specific T cells increase only in infection-naive vaccinees; however, post-omicron T cell responses are significantly higher in the previously-infected, who display a maximally induced response with a highly cytotoxic CD8+ phenotype following their 3rd mRNA vaccine dose. Responses to non-spike antigens increase significantly regardless of prior infection status. These findings suggest that hybrid immunity induced by omicron breakthrough infections is characterized by significant immune enhancement that can help protect against future omicron variants.