Global and regional seroprevalence, incidence, mortality of, and risk factors for scrub typhus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Issued Date
2024-09-01
Resource Type
ISSN
12019712
eISSN
18783511
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85199198062
Pubmed ID
38964725
Journal Title
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume
146
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol.146 (2024)
Suggested Citation
Wang Q., Ma T., Ding F., Lim A., Takaya S., Saraswati K., Sartorius B., Day N.P.J., Maude R.J. Global and regional seroprevalence, incidence, mortality of, and risk factors for scrub typhus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol.146 (2024). doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107151 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/100034
Title
Global and regional seroprevalence, incidence, mortality of, and risk factors for scrub typhus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Author's Affiliation
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
UQ Centre for Clinical Research
Universitas Indonesia
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Washington School of Medicine
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
National University of Singapore
The Open University
Nuffield Department of Medicine
UQ Centre for Clinical Research
Universitas Indonesia
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Washington School of Medicine
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
National University of Singapore
The Open University
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Objectives: Scrub typhus is underdiagnosed and underreported but emerging as a global public health problem. We aimed to provide the first comprehensive review on the seroprevalence, incidence, mortality of and risk factors for scrub typhus. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and other databases. Trended incidence and median mortality were calculated and pooled seroprevalence and risk factors for scrub typhus were evaluated using the random-effects meta-analysis. Results: We included 663 articles from 29 countries/regions. The pooled seroprevalence was 10.73% (95%CI 9.47-12.13%) among healthy individuals and 22.58% (95%CI: 20.55%-24.76%) among febrile patients. Mainland China reported the highest number of cases and South Korea and Thailand had the highest incidence rates. Median mortalities were 5.00% (range: 0.00-56.00%) among hospital inpatients, 6.70% (range: 0.00-33.33%) among patients without specified admission status and 2.17% (range: 0.00-22.22%) among outpatients. The significant risk factors included agricultural work, specific vegetation exposure, other outdoor activities, risky personal health habits, and proximity to rodents, livestock, or poultry. Conclusions: Our comprehensive review elucidates the significant yet variable burden of scrub typhus across different regions, underscoring its emergence as a critical public health concern globally.