Scopus 2024
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Item Metadata only Characteristics of house dust mite allergens in Southeast and East Asia with the effect of hygienic practices(2024-06-01) Kim D.; Jeon H.; Park J.Y.; Othman H.; Thi Hien T.; Lestari P.; Tantrakarnapa K.; Lee K.; Kim D.; Mahidol UniversityHouse dust mite allergens (HDMAs) are a major allergen that can cause severe adverse health effects, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis. This study aimed to characterize the HDMA levels in bedding dust from Southeast and East Asian countries and evaluate the impact of hygiene practices on these levels. Bedding dust samples were collected from 29, 82, 32, 31, and 86 households in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and South Korea, respectively. Of the households in Malaysia and South Korea, 57 each had received mattress care services. The samples were analyzed for Dermatophagoides farinae type 1 (Der f1) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus type 1 (Der p1). The detection rates of Der f1 and Der p1 varied among the countries, especially in households that had not received mattress care services. In Indonesia, the detection rates of Der f1 and Der p1 were similar (97%). In Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, the detection rates of Der f1 were higher than those of Der p1. South Korea exhibited the lowest detection rates for both Der f1 (76%) and Der p1 (7%). In Indonesia and Malaysia, the levels of Der p1 were higher than those of Der f1. In Thailand and Vietnam, the levels of Der f1 were higher than those of Der p1. In both Malaysia and South Korea, households that had received mattress care services exhibited lower HDMA levels than those that had not. Furthermore, households serviced within the past month had notably lower HDMA levels than those serviced more than two months prior. This study observed significant regional differences in the detection rates and levels of HDMAs among Southeast and East Asian nations. In addition, the study observed significant decrease in the levels of HDMAs following routine mattress care service, highlighting the pivotal role of consistent hygienic practices for diminishing potential allergenic hazards. However, the study could not identify specific regional factors affecting the type and level of HDMAs.Item Metadata only Sociodemographic and Contextual Determinants of Men’s Fertility Desires in Northern Nigeria: An Analysis of the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey(2024-01-01) Abbani A.Y.; Yinusa R.A.; Niazi H.; Usman M.G.; Idris U.B.; Abbani A.Y.; Mahidol UniversityNigeria has a high fertility rate, averaging 5.1 children per woman. The desire for large families, especially by men from the northern region, is a crucial driver of the country’s high total fertility rate. There is, however, a shortage of evidence on the sociodemographic determinants of men’s fertility desires despite being essential stakeholders in fertility decisions in the family. This study, therefore, estimates men’s desired family sizes and the sociodemographic and contextual factors influencing their desires in the northern region of Nigeria. Data from the men’s recoded 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey dataset were used with a sample of 7,822 men. The chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression analysis were used to test the association and estimate the relationship between the outcome and predictor variables. The findings revealed that 71% of men desired to have at least six children, which was high irrespective of sociodemographic characteristics. However, the desire for six or more children was lower (65%) among the youngest cohort than among the oldest (80%). Being a Muslim (AOR = 4.50, 95% CI [3.86, 5.24], p < .05), having two or more wives (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI [1.68, 3.45], p < .05), having 3–5 (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.89, 2.76], p < .05) and six or more (AOR = 6.03, 95% CI [4.48, 8.13], p < .05) living children, and living in the northeast (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.75, 2.37], p < .05) and northwest (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.20, 1.72], p < .05) zones were the most significant predictors of high fertility desire by men. Policymakers should target these categories of men in fertility and family planning programs to promote lowering and slowing the rate of fertility and population growth.Item Metadata only Cultural Meanings of ‘Small:’ Similar yet Different Semantic Networks of Diminutives in Thai and South Korean(2024-01-01) Khammee K.; Rhee S.; Khammee K.; Mahidol UniversityLexemes denoting ‘small’ typically undergo a range of semantic or functional extensions either as free-standing lexical forms, or as weakly-grammaticalized derivational morphemes, or even fully grammatical forms. This research analyzes diminutive expressions in the two languages Thai and South Korean, following an extended ethnography of the two languages in each respective ethni0-linguistic context. Diminutives in these two languages have similarities in their source lexemes and certain developmental patterns along elegant conceptual networks. However, the two languages reveal intriguing differences in semantic extension patterns, i.e., most notably, the Thai extension pattern is ‘small therefore cute,’ whereas the South Korean extension pattern becomes one of ‘small therefore contemptible’.Item Metadata only Estimated global and regional economic burden of genital herpes simplex virus infection among 15–49 year-olds in 2016(2024-12-01) Chaiyakunapruk N.; Lee S.W.H.; Kulchaitanaroaj P.; Rayanakorn A.; Lee H.; Looker K.J.; Hutubessy R.; Gottlieb S.L.; Chaiyakunapruk N.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Globally, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 and -1 infections contribute to a large disease burden, but their full economic consequences remain unclear. This study aims to estimate the global economic impact of genital HSV-2 and HSV-1 infection and its consequences for people with genital ulcer disease, neonatal herpes, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection attributable to HSV-2. Methods: Using a societal perspective, the economic burden was calculated at the country level and presented by World Health Organization (WHO) regions and World-Bank income levels. The disease burden was obtained from previously published global disease burden studies in 2016 and disaggregated for 194 countries. Estimates of healthcare resource utilisation were sourced from a literature review, and online interviews were conducted with 20 experts from all 6 WHO regions. Relevant costs were obtained from the literature and estimated in 2016 international dollars (I$). Results: Both genital HSV-2 (I$31·2 billion) and HSV-1 (I$4·0 billion) infections and their consequences were estimated to cost I$35·3 billion globally in 2016. The major economic burden was from the Americas and Western Pacific regions combined, accounting for almost two-thirds of the global burden (I$20·8 billion). High- and upper-middle-income countries bore a large proportion of the economic burden (76·6% or I$27·0 billion). Costs were driven by the large number of HSV-2 recurrences; however, even assuming conservatively that people with symptomatic herpes have on average only one episode a year, global costs were estimated at I$16·5 billion. Conclusions: The global costs of genital HSV infection and its consequences are substantial. HSV prevention interventions have the potential to avert a large economic burden in addition to disease burden; thus, efforts to accelerate HSV vaccine development are crucial.Item Metadata only Comparison of Ultrasonographic and Electrodiagnostic Findings Between Healthy and CTS Thais(2024-07-01) Puprasert C.; Ngernprasertsiri S.; Wimonwattrawatee P.; Simadamrong P.; Dacharux W.; Puprasert C.; Mahidol UniversityOBJECTIVE To compare the ultrasonography cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve at the wrist (CSA-D), the wrist-to-forearm median nerve CSA ratio (WFR) and the difference (WFD) between individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and normal individuals in the Thai population and to explore the correlation between ultrasonography and electrodiagnosis (EDX). METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 112 wrists of 72 participants who were divided into two groups. Fifty-six wrists of 36 EDX-confirmed CTS patients were recruited as the CTS group and an equal number of individuals without CTS were chosen as a control group. Participants were matched for demographic data from a historical study. For both individuals with clinical CTS confirmed by EDX and the control population median nerve CSA levels at the wrist and at mid-forearm were measured by ultrasonography. A comparison was made between the parameters of the study group and those of the control group. The correlations between the CSA-D, the WFR, and the WFD and the severity of CTS evaluated by EDX were studied. RESULTS The mean median nerve CSA-D, WFR, and WFD of the CTS patients were 14.7 ± 5.9 mm², 3.1 ± 1.4, and 9.7 ± 6.1 mm², respectively. In contrast, the mean median nerve CSA-D, WFR, and WFD of the control group were 9.6 ± 2.4 mm², 1.7 ± 0.4, and 3.8 ± 1.9 mm², respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference from the study group (p < 0.001). The optimal cut-point values for the median nerve CSA-D, WFR, and WFD in detecting CTS were 10.7 mm² (sensitivity 67.9%, specificity 83.9%), 1.8 (sensitivity 89.3%, specificity 71.4%), and 4.7 mm² (sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 81.8%), respectively. The median nerve CSA-D, WFR, and WFD exhibited significant moderate to strong positive correlation with the EDX grading of CTS severity. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography of the median nerve CSA-D, WFR, and WFD are efficient for distinguishing CTS patients from asymptomatic controls with good sensitivity and specificity in the Thai population. WFD demon-strated superiority in the areas of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.Item Metadata only Population-level impact of weight loss on predicted healthcare spending and the incidence of obesity-related outcomes in the Asia-Pacific region: a modelling study(2024-12-01) Yoong J.; Schnecke V.; Aekplakorn W.; Bandgar T.; Butt J.R.; Romano J.G.U.; Kalra S.; Khadgawat R.; Kilov G.; Kim K.K.; Lee S.Y.; Mohan V.; Proietto J.; Oldfield B.; Yoong J.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: The Asia-Pacific (APAC) region includes a significant proportion of the global population currently living with overweight and obesity. This modelling analysis was conducted to quantify the incidence of obesity-related comorbidities and change in obesity-related costs over 10 years with a hypothetical 10% weight loss in Australia, South Korea, Thailand, and India. Methods: An epidemiological-economic model was used to describe current prevalence and direct medical costs of ten obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, in adults aged 20–69 years living with obesity, and estimate incidence and costs over 10 years. Incidence reduction and the associated savings by 2032 were then estimated for a 10% weight-loss scenario. Results: The total estimated medical costs for the ten obesity-related comorbidities in 2022 were 2.9, 7.5, 10.2, and 23.3 billion USD in Australia, South Korea, Thailand, and India, respectively. Costs increase to 6.9, 18.4, 23.5, and 44.3 billion USD in 2032, if insufficient action is taken. A 10% weight reduction would result in estimated savings of 0.3, 1.2, 2.2, and 3.0 billion USD in Australia, South Korea, Thailand, and India, respectively, in 2032, with cumulative savings over the 10-year period of 1.8, 7.0, 13.0, and 17.4 billion USD. Incidence of comorbidities were estimated to rise less in the weight-loss scenario. Conclusions: The financial, societal, and health benefits of a substantial but achievable 10% weight loss in adults living with obesity, and the consequences of insufficient action, are pronounced in the APAC region. To achieve sustained weight loss in the real world, policy actions for addressing barriers to obesity management are required.Item Metadata only Comparison of Blood and Urinary Cannabis Profiles Between Road Traffic Injury (RTI) and Other Causes of Death in Thai Postmortem Cases(2024-07-01) Charatprakai P.; Sukata S.; Phuangphung P.; Charatprakai P.; Mahidol UniversityOBJECTIVE This study aims to compare blood and urinary cannabis profiles between road traffic injury (RTI) and other unnatural causes of death in the Thai population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of Thai postmortem cases where the individual who died was 15 years old or over. Sex, age, cause of death, manner of death, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and concomitant drugs found were documented for each case. Blood and urinary concentrations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its two metabolites, 11-hydroxy-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), were analyzed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GCMS/MS). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. RESULTS A total of 80 subjects were included in this study, comprising 43 RTI and 37 non-RTI subjects. All the RTI cases were motorcycle riders. Blood concentrations of THC, 11-OH-THC, and THC-COOH in the RTI group were significantly higher than those in the non-RTI group (p < 0.01). The number of subjects who had recent cannabis exposure in the RTI group was significantly higher than in the non-RTI group (p< 0.05). Furthermore, the blood concentrations of THC, 11-OH-THC, and THC-COOH in subjects who used cannabis without other drugs of abuse or medications were significantly higher than those in subjects who used cannabis with other drugs of abuse or other medications (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Blood THC, 11-OH-THC, and THC-COOH concentrations in RTI cases were significantly higher than in cases with other unnatural causes of death.Item Metadata only Evaluating the Influence of Parental HIV Status on Well-being of Children and Adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria(2024-03-01) Osuolale K.; Salako A.; Musa A.; Odubela O.; Davies-Bolorunduro O.; Fowora M.; Otekunrin O.; Gbaja-Biamila T.; Lawal D.; Saka A.; Abidemi Shobanke D.; Osuolale K.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and Purpose: The quality of life (QoL) of children and adolescents living with HIV is a crucial area of public health concern, particularly in regions heavily impacted by HIV. Parental HIV status can significantly influence different dimensions of a child’s life, including their emotional, social, and physical health. Nigeria is one of the countries having the highest HIV prevalence rates; understanding how parental HIV status affects children is essential for designing effective intervention and support systems. This study aims to investigate the relationship between parental HIV status and health-related QoL (HRQoL) among children and adolescents. We hope to provide insights that can improve the lives of young individuals in Lagos State, Nigeria. By examining demographic factors and health-related variables, this research seeks to advise targeted strategies to support families affected by HIV. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study collected data at the Pediatric and Adolescent Clinic, the Clinical Sciences Department of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria, between May and July 2019. The Institutional Review Board of NIMR granted ethical approval for the study. The study population consisted of 113 children and young people with HIV. Participants were randomly selected and assessed for eligibility. Then, written informed consent was obtained before enrollment in the main study. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, HIV-related health metrics, and HRQoL were collected using a case record form and a validated questionnaire to assess the pediatric QoL (PedsQL). A total of 108 participants (60 with single parent HIV-positive and 48 with both parents HIV-positive) were included. The data were analyzed using STATA software, version 16, employing the chi-square test and logistic regression to examine the determinants influencing HRQoL. We employed the PedsQL version 4, and the clinician filled out the questionnaire in the Pediatric Clinic. Results: Participants’ mean ages were 13.6 years (single parent HIV positive) and 14.2 years (both parents HIV positive), with significant associations between age and parental HIV status (P<0.05). Fathers were primary caregivers for 46.7% (single parent HIV positive) and 56.3% (both parents HIV positive) of participants (P<0.05). Parental status (alive or deceased) and education level were significantly associated with parental HIV status, with most participants having secondary education. Most participants identified as Christians (86.7% single parent HIV positive and 87.5% both parents HIV positive). The CD4 cell counts below 500 were more common in participants with both parents HIV positive, though with no significant association (P>0.05). The HRQoL scores were significantly associated with parental HIV status (P<0.05), with better scores in psychosocial and physical domains. Logistic regression showed no significant links between parental HIV status and gender, age group, or primary caregiver’s gender. Participants with both HIV-positive parents were less likely to have both parents alive. Conclusion: Parental HIV status significantly affects demographic factors and HRQoL in children and adolescents. These findings highlight the necessity for specialized interventions and support mechanisms to enhance the QoL for families affected by HIV.Item Metadata only Public Expressions of Religion among Yogyakarta's Salafi Muslimah(2024-12-22) Marhumah; Muyassaroh I.K.; Sciortino R.; Marhumah; Mahidol UniversityThis study examines the manifestation of righteousness in public spaces among Salafi Muslim female students participating in Islamic study groups at four major universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through six months of participant observation and in-depth interviews with eight key informants. The research explores how Salafi Muslim women internalize, negotiate, and practice hadith teachings daily, particularly in public settings. The findings reveal that these study groups significantly shape individual and collective expressions of piety. Participants exhibit varied approaches to negotiating religious teachings, with some finding clarity and structure, while others experience ambiguities, creating space for personal interpretation. This variation underscores the complex relationship between religious texts and individual agency, aligning with theoretical perspectives on spiritual practice. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of these groups in reinforcing social identities and facilitating engagement in public spaces. The research contributes to broader discussions on religious agency and public piety, providing insights into how Salafi Muslim women navigate the intersection of spiritual devotion and modern public life. Limitations include the focus on a specific group and reliance on self-reported data. Future studies should explore how piety is expressed across social and cultural contexts to deepen understanding of its role in public participation.Item Metadata only The Policy of the Thai Government Regarding the Dutch Prisoners of War in Thailand after the End of the Second Word War1(2024-06-01) Boontanondha T.; Boontanondha T.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and objective[S]: After the Second World War, the Thai government had to take care of and assist the prisoners of war who were allied soldiers, including the Dutch who had been forced to perform labor during the Second World War. This policy was part of the efforts of the Thai government that wanted the Netherlands, one of the allied nations, to agree to reconcile with Thailand. Therefore, this research aims to study the policy of the Thai government regarding Dutch prisoners of war between 1945 and 1947. Methodology: The study employed a historical approach to analyze documentary data and generate a descriptive analytical report. The research underscores the importance of leveraging primary evidence obtained from the National Archives of Thailand. Main result: Thailand, after the end of the Second World War, had many Dutch prisoners of war. These prisoners had been forced by the Japanese Army to be laborers during the war and were left sporadic around the country after the end of the fighting. The Thai government, bearing an uncertain status at that time, had adopted diplomatic policies to show its desire to help the Allies. These included the treatment of the prisoners of war who had been hidden during the war and the welcoming of Dutch refugees who fled the civil war in Indonesia. However, during the period of waiting before being repatriated to their motherland, there had been skirmishes between the Dutch prisoners of war and the Thai people because of the attitude of the Dutch who believed that they were the winner and the Thai government and its people were the loser. The Dutch, therefore, had a behavior akin to a colonist governing its colony rather than treating the Thai government as an independent country. The Thai government appeared patient and compromising with these problems and tried to please the Dutch government because the rapprochement between Thailand and the Netherlands relied on the Thai government’s policy towards the Dutch prisoners of war. Relevance to Thai Studies: This study provides a framework for the study of the history of Dutch prisoners of war in Thailand during the post-World War II period. Conclusion: After the end of the Second World War, the Thai government sought to re-establish its relationship with the Netherlands. Nevertheless, the issue of the Dutch prisoners of war living in Thailand was a significant matter. Therefore, the Thai government prioritized these prisoners of war, insisting that they live comfortably before being repatriated to their fatherland.Item Metadata only A Eulogy for His Majesty King Buddha Lert La Nabhalai Through the Literature Record of a Coronation Ceremony in the Rattanakosin Period(2024-06-01) Dangsakul K.; Theekaprasertkul P.; Dangsakul K.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and objective [S]: A Eulogy for His Majesty King Buddha Lert La Nabhalai was composed by Phra Nangklao Chaoyuhua (King Rama III). The literature has been categorized as eulogistic literature since it contained common characteristics of literature that praises a king. However, this literature has outstanding characteristics to distinguish it from other eulogy literature, especially the content that records the events of the coronation of King Rama II in its entirety through a literary manner. Therefore, the researcher is interested in using this literature to study according to the concept of genre theory. The objective of this study was to examine the specific characteristics of A Eulogy for His Majesty King Buddha Lert La Nabhalai and to investigate whether it can be classified as a literature record of a coronation ceremony in the Rattanakosin period. This study portrays the value of this literature in the aspect of coronation record literature and is useful for further study of the classification of Thai literature. Methodology: This study was qualitative research analyzing literary data according to the objectives of the study by considering the concept of literature classification, along with the body of knowledge about coronation ceremonies, presenting the results of the study in an analytical descriptive manner. Findings: A Eulogy for His Majesty King Buddha Lert La Nabhalai contained five key characteristics: 1) The eulogy was recorded based on the author’s experience who attended the royal ceremony. 2) The eulogy included background knowledge of the coronation ceremony and demonstration of the legitimate right in the accession of the monarch. 3) The eulogy recorded the main process of conducting the coronation ceremony. 4) The eulogy specified the place, people and equipment used in the ceremony completely. 5) The eulogy conveyed narration of the event and atmosphere, along with the feeling of appreciation of the participants in the ceremony. Moreover, literary techniques used were outstanding in terms of prosody in klong type of poetry, leading to sounds and rhythms while reading, as well as the selection of literary language, including both word selection and metaphor usage to describe the atmosphere of the ceremony and the sentiment. Consequently, this literature contains the specific characteristics of the recording of a royal ceremony that was different from other types of recordings, such as royal chronicles that often employed language to describe stories rather than depicting images and sentiments. According to the above specific characteristics, this literature was meticulously written with literary value and can be classified as a literature record of a coronation ceremony. Relevance to Thai Studies: This study is a key guideline for studying the classification of Thai literature. The research examines the relationship between the creation of literature and the coronation ceremony through Thai literary tradition. This also enhances knowledge about the coronation ceremony of King Buddha Lert La Nabhalai and the history of Thai literature in the Rattanakosin period. Conclusion: A Eulogy for His Majesty King Buddha Lert La Nabhalai is not only valuable literature as a eulogy, but also valuable as a literary record of the coronation ceremony. This literature was composed directly from the content of the coronation of King Buddha Lertla Nabhalai with the harmony of praise of the king in a literary manner. It is worth noting that some literature in later periods was also composed in the same way as this literature. For example, in Khlong Lilit Suphap Tamrap Phraboromrachaphisek Sapdama Ratcha Maha Chakkriwong B.E.2468, the coronation ceremony of King Prajadhipok (King Rama VII) was recorded in detail. It could be considered that A Eulogy for His Majesty King Buddha Lert La Nabhalai was a key starting point for the composition of the literature record of coronation ceremonies, resulting in the creation of the same characteristic of this literature that was more concrete and clearer in the later period.Item Metadata only Recognition of Three Common Work-Related Hand Diseases in a Teaching Hospital(2024-07-01) Mitprasit A.; Aekplakorn W.; Kanchanathepsak T.; Srijareontham S.; Wongrathanandha C.; Mitprasit A.; Mahidol UniversityOBJECTIVE Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the hands are increasingly affecting workers in various occupations. They reduce productivity and cause economic loss. In Thailand, work-related MSDs are considered underdiagnosed and under-reported. This study aimed to determine the proportion of three major recognized hand diseases that are work-related and to examine factors associated with that recognition and work-relatedness. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, recruiting and interviewing patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), trigger finger (TF), and de Quervain’s tenosynovitis (DQT) aged 18-65 years old who visited the Hand Clinic in the Orthopedics Department, Ramathibodi Hospital between 25 October 2023 and 15 March 2024. Patient medical records were reviewed to determine work-relatedness using NIOSH criteria. Recognition was determined by taking patient work histories. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between work and MSDs, and between recognition and patients’ factors. RESULTS A total of 270 patients were included: 127 CTS cases, 96 TF cases, and 47 DQT cases. Almost two-thirds (63.0%) of the diseases were attributed to work-related conditions. Factors associated with workrelatedness of the three diseases were: working for 26 or more hours per week (adjusted ORs 3.26-4.63), tool use (ORadj 7.92, 95%CI [2.83, 22.17]), computer use (ORadj 4.72, 95%CI [1.84,12.14]), writing (ORadj 4.88, 95%CI [1.53, 15.61]), and having a single job (ORadj 10.13, 95%CI [2.59,39.57]). The proportion of recognition by physicians of the connection between working history and MSDs was only 13.0%. There were no significant associations between patients’ personal/work factors and recognition by doctors. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that 63.0% three common hand diseases of patients are attributed to work-related conditions, but the recognition by doctors of that relationship was only 13.0%. Factors associated with work-relatedness were mostly aspects of patients’ work. The hospital should improve its system for identifying the work-related MSDs to help ensure patients receive appropriate health-related welfare and benefits. Further studies should be conducted to explore means of increasing physician recognition of work-related MSDs.Item Metadata only Sex Estimation Using Radiographic Films of the Frontal Sinuses in Thai Populations(2024-07-01) Ngamnusonkit B.; Vachirawongsakorn V.; Ngamnusonkit B.; Mahidol UniversityOBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the forensic importance and applicability of the frontal sinus by evaluating its morphoscopic and morphometric characteristics in relation to sex. METHODS Antero-posterior skull radiographs of 235 individuals (141 males and 94 females) were taken using a standardized procedure. Frontal sinus morphology was observed and classified. Specific measurements (A to D) were conducted to estimate sex by developing logistic regression equations. RESULTS Frontal sinus symmetry was detected in 58.7% of the individuals. Morphometric analyses of frontal sinuses were only moderately correlated with the sex, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.629 (measurement A). The recommended cut-off score of measurement A was 6.47 cm, in which the sensitivity and specificity were 78.7% and 59.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study found significant individual variation in the frontal sinus patterns. Evaluating the frontal sinus could be used as an adjunct to other methods of personal identification, particularly for sex estimation.Item Metadata only AN ANALYSIS OF OSCAR PETERSON'S IMPROVISATION IN THE GIRL FROM IPANEMA1(2024-08-08) Inthanin K.; Inthanin K.; Mahidol UniversityOscar Peterson's improvisation in The Girl from Ipanema is both pleasing and musically substantial. The research article investigates his improvisation in terms of harmony, rhythm, and individual techniques. The analysis has shown that Peterson used notes from chord tones and diatonic scales to create melodic lines. He also applies the blues scale without tonal relationships between chords. His rhythmic treatment incorporates accents and grouping of notes to achieve new directions. Techniques such as upper structure, rhythmic displacement, diatonic arpeggio, hemiola, turnaround, and harmonic generalization are also present in Peterson's improvisation.Item Metadata only CLASSICAL PIANO LEARNING MANAGEMENT FOR GENERATION ALPHA STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF SEK THONGSUWAN(2024-06-27) Assawaweeradej T.; Boonyam T.; Promsukkul P.; Assawaweeradej T.; Mahidol UniversityThis article aimed to study the classical piano learning management of Sek Thongsuwan, biography, and achievements of Sek Thongsuwan. Presently, Sek Thongsuwan is recognized as a highly esteemed Thai classical piano teacher and notable achievements in teac hing. Particularly noteworthy, he held the distinction of being the first Thai national to graduate with a Specialist in Piano Performance degree from St. Petersburg State Conservatory in Russia. With his exceptional teaching abilities and proficiency, he facilitates rapid advancement in the learning processes of his students. Over a span of ten years, students under Sek Thongsuwan have garnered more than 100 awards in piano competitions, both nationally and internationally. Given the aforementioned significance, the researcher was motivated to investigate Sek Thongsuwan's classical piano learning management for Generation Alpha students, aiming to enrich classical piano instruction among all piano instructors. The research employed a qualitative research methodology. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews and non-participatory observations. The results indicated that: 1) Sek Thongsuwan was a professional piano teacher with the ability to teach students of various ages and different skill levels, especially excelling in transferring knowledge to young students. 2) Classical piano instruction for the Alpha Generation students encompassed the following aspects: (1) the objectives aimed at fostering concentration, diligence, and patience to meeting parental expectations, (2) the materials comprised individualized plans, note reading, finger strengthening exercises, music interpretation and expression, musical pieces, and relevant skills, (3) learning management included enrollment and initial agreements, instructional principles, techniques, methods, and a structured teaching and learning sequence, (4) instructional media encompassed a grand piano, sheet music, flashcards, a metronome, an iPad, and the Note Rush application, and (5) the assessment incorporated task submissions and ABRSM examinations. This study's findings can serve as a valuable guide for enhancing the effectiveness of classical piano learning management.Item Metadata only THE GUIDELINES FOR INTERMEDIATE CLASSICAL PIANO INSTRUCTION OF THE PIANO ACADEMY OF BANGKOK(2024-08-08) Isarathikul K.; Promsukkul P.; Tayrattanachai N.O.; Isarathikul K.; Mahidol UniversityThe research aimed to achieve two primary objectives: 1) to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the intermediate classical piano instruction at the Piano Academy of Bangkok and 2) to compile a set of instructional guidelines, for intermediate classical piano education in the electronic manual format in a form of qualitative study. The participants from Piano Academy of Bangkok were divided two groups: 1) two experts, and 2) ten teachers. Data collection using a semi-structured interview instrument and non-participant observational methods. Data analysis in a form of analytic induction and presented in descriptive analysis form. The research findings revealed that 1) within the instructional context, teachers customized their piano teaching approaches primarily to align with individual student capabilities and prior knowledge. 2) The instruction for the intermediate classical piano founds that (1) teachers’ aspect—the role of teachers should emphasize a commitment to fostering collaboration among artists, assistant artists, and teaching collaborators. Teachers were encouraged to adopt a flexible disposition that facilitated students' openness to novel perspectives from their peers.; (2) Students’ aspect— should emphasis is placed on teaching and learning design that is appropriate for each learner including physical aspect, age, practical skills, and expectations of parents.; (3) Instructional aspect— the pedagogy in the instructional aspect should involve students and parents in setting learning objectives and content.; (4) Environmental aspect—an atmosphere conducive to student learning prevailed, should complement by well-proportioned facilities and spaces equipped with high-quality musical instruments.Item Metadata only SOUND PRODUCTION METHODS FOR CLASSICAL PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS(2024-08-08) Yannavut W.; Siripanichwattana T.; Yannavut W.; Mahidol UniversityThis research focuses on the significance of sound production on classical percussion instruments, emphasizing the study, data collection, and analysis required to develop practical exercises. A musical composition for tom-tom was provided to a group of nine students, who engaged in performance and practice after receiving notations for a full day. Sound recordings were made before and after practical training, during which students underwent hands-on training to understand the workings of different muscle groups, including fingers, wrists, arms, and shoulders. This training aimed to enable students to produce sounds with varying qualities such as loudness, softness, clarity, sharpness, shortness, length, depth, etc., corresponding to different symbols and notations. Subsequently, sound recordings from both sessions were processed using computer software, revealing a clearer understanding of sound production following targeted muscle training. This research contributes valuable insights into the ability to produce and manipulate sound according to specific requirements, symbols, and various notations, including the distinct representation of different parameters outlined in the composition.Item Metadata only “AN IMPERFECT SCHEME” FOR ALTO SAXOPHONE A CREATIVE RESEARCH IN MUSIC COMPOSITION(2024-06-27) Pruksavanich W.; Pruksavanich W.; Mahidol UniversityThis creative research, An Imperfect Scheme for Alto Saxophone, aims to study and present saxophone extended techniques, such as Slap-tongue, Multiphonic, and Alternate finger, through the combination of progressive rock music. The author presented the research by analyzing saxophone extended techniques and applying these techniques in the composition. The author found that applying the Slap-tongue technique would be difficult at a fast tempo. On the other hand, the Multiphonic and Alternate finger techniques are limited by hand position. Both requiring mobility and the possibility to link between notes, especially in fast rhythms. By using these techniques, led into the result of the unique sound and timbre as well as demonstrated the saxophone in the progressive rock musical style.Item Metadata only THE TRANSMISSION PROCESS OF KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNIQUE FOR PLAYING KHLUI IN THAI COUNTRY SONGS(2024-08-08) Ruangboon N.; Phothikawin D.; Promsukkul P.; Ruangboon N.; Mahidol UniversityThis research aims to: (1) examine the biographical backgrounds of Khlui experts in Thai country songs; (2) explore knowledge transmission in Khlui playing Thai country songs; and (3) create an educational e-book on Khlui. The study employed a qualitative approach, specifically interpretative phenomenology, and purposive sampling to select seven recognized Khlui performance experts. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation. The research findings reveal that all seven Khlui experts who specialized in Thai country songs showcased remarkable expertise and extensive experience, earning recognition for their contributions to Khlui performances. The study details the knowledge and technique transfer process, covering principles, methods for different age groups, steps, and psychological aspects. The study identifies various Khlui playing techniques, such as seating, posture, handling, airflow, finger system selection, and Khlui selection. The study highlights phenomena such as the historical evolution of Khlui-Thai, contemporary livelihood conditions for Khlui players, and adaptations to modern learning methods. The electronic book includes (1) the biographical backgrounds of Khlui experts in Thai country songs; (2) the transmission of knowledge for performing Khlui in Thai country songs; and (3) playing techniques for playing Khlui for Thai country songs style.Item Metadata only DIRECTION OF ART-MUSIC PROGRAM IN HIGH SCHOOLS(2024-06-27) Ditdumrongsakul T.; Pidokraj N.; Ditdumrongsakul T.; Mahidol UniversityAcademic article on the topic of the Direction of Art-Music Programs in High Schools. The author has analyzed the curriculum and related academic documents. To present the musical content that appears in the general education curriculum at the high school level that includes the Art-Music Program in the curriculum. Regarding the music curriculum in schools, course structure, and additional subjects in the music curriculum. Including interviews with teachers in schools that provide music curriculum teaching. This article presents 4 schools that have different teaching methods for Art-Music program: 1) Sisaketwittayalai School, Si Sa Ket Province 2) Srinakharinwirot University Prasarnmit Demonstration School (Secondary) 3) Triamudomsuksa Patthanakarn Suwannabhumi School and 4) Triamudomsuksanomklao Samutprakan School. This study found that schools are flexible in structuring their curriculum to suit the school context, aims, and goals of studying music at the high school level at each school. Directions for creating and developing music curricula in the future. Teaching and learning must be adjusted to be consistent with the knowledge and abilities of individual learners within the standard framework of musical knowledge and abilities that learners should receive. Teachers are the key to transferring knowledge and developing students' skills to the highest level of excellence. In addition, the subjects should be diverse to meet current career needs both domestically and internationally. To provide students with a broad perspective on education and careers.