Scopus 2024
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Item Metadata only CLASSICAL PIANO LEARNING MANAGEMENT FOR GENERATION ALPHA STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF SEK THONGSUWAN(2024-06-27) Assawaweeradej T.; Boonyam T.; Promsukkul P.; Assawaweeradej T.; Mahidol UniversityThis article aimed to study the classical piano learning management of Sek Thongsuwan, biography, and achievements of Sek Thongsuwan. Presently, Sek Thongsuwan is recognized as a highly esteemed Thai classical piano teacher and notable achievements in teac hing. Particularly noteworthy, he held the distinction of being the first Thai national to graduate with a Specialist in Piano Performance degree from St. Petersburg State Conservatory in Russia. With his exceptional teaching abilities and proficiency, he facilitates rapid advancement in the learning processes of his students. Over a span of ten years, students under Sek Thongsuwan have garnered more than 100 awards in piano competitions, both nationally and internationally. Given the aforementioned significance, the researcher was motivated to investigate Sek Thongsuwan's classical piano learning management for Generation Alpha students, aiming to enrich classical piano instruction among all piano instructors. The research employed a qualitative research methodology. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews and non-participatory observations. The results indicated that: 1) Sek Thongsuwan was a professional piano teacher with the ability to teach students of various ages and different skill levels, especially excelling in transferring knowledge to young students. 2) Classical piano instruction for the Alpha Generation students encompassed the following aspects: (1) the objectives aimed at fostering concentration, diligence, and patience to meeting parental expectations, (2) the materials comprised individualized plans, note reading, finger strengthening exercises, music interpretation and expression, musical pieces, and relevant skills, (3) learning management included enrollment and initial agreements, instructional principles, techniques, methods, and a structured teaching and learning sequence, (4) instructional media encompassed a grand piano, sheet music, flashcards, a metronome, an iPad, and the Note Rush application, and (5) the assessment incorporated task submissions and ABRSM examinations. This study's findings can serve as a valuable guide for enhancing the effectiveness of classical piano learning management.Item Metadata only THE GUIDELINES FOR INTERMEDIATE CLASSICAL PIANO INSTRUCTION OF THE PIANO ACADEMY OF BANGKOK(2024-08-08) Isarathikul K.; Promsukkul P.; Tayrattanachai N.O.; Isarathikul K.; Mahidol UniversityThe research aimed to achieve two primary objectives: 1) to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the intermediate classical piano instruction at the Piano Academy of Bangkok and 2) to compile a set of instructional guidelines, for intermediate classical piano education in the electronic manual format in a form of qualitative study. The participants from Piano Academy of Bangkok were divided two groups: 1) two experts, and 2) ten teachers. Data collection using a semi-structured interview instrument and non-participant observational methods. Data analysis in a form of analytic induction and presented in descriptive analysis form. The research findings revealed that 1) within the instructional context, teachers customized their piano teaching approaches primarily to align with individual student capabilities and prior knowledge. 2) The instruction for the intermediate classical piano founds that (1) teachers’ aspect—the role of teachers should emphasize a commitment to fostering collaboration among artists, assistant artists, and teaching collaborators. Teachers were encouraged to adopt a flexible disposition that facilitated students' openness to novel perspectives from their peers.; (2) Students’ aspect— should emphasis is placed on teaching and learning design that is appropriate for each learner including physical aspect, age, practical skills, and expectations of parents.; (3) Instructional aspect— the pedagogy in the instructional aspect should involve students and parents in setting learning objectives and content.; (4) Environmental aspect—an atmosphere conducive to student learning prevailed, should complement by well-proportioned facilities and spaces equipped with high-quality musical instruments.Item Metadata only SOUND PRODUCTION METHODS FOR CLASSICAL PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS(2024-08-08) Yannavut W.; Siripanichwattana T.; Yannavut W.; Mahidol UniversityThis research focuses on the significance of sound production on classical percussion instruments, emphasizing the study, data collection, and analysis required to develop practical exercises. A musical composition for tom-tom was provided to a group of nine students, who engaged in performance and practice after receiving notations for a full day. Sound recordings were made before and after practical training, during which students underwent hands-on training to understand the workings of different muscle groups, including fingers, wrists, arms, and shoulders. This training aimed to enable students to produce sounds with varying qualities such as loudness, softness, clarity, sharpness, shortness, length, depth, etc., corresponding to different symbols and notations. Subsequently, sound recordings from both sessions were processed using computer software, revealing a clearer understanding of sound production following targeted muscle training. This research contributes valuable insights into the ability to produce and manipulate sound according to specific requirements, symbols, and various notations, including the distinct representation of different parameters outlined in the composition.Item Metadata only “AN IMPERFECT SCHEME” FOR ALTO SAXOPHONE A CREATIVE RESEARCH IN MUSIC COMPOSITION(2024-06-27) Pruksavanich W.; Pruksavanich W.; Mahidol UniversityThis creative research, An Imperfect Scheme for Alto Saxophone, aims to study and present saxophone extended techniques, such as Slap-tongue, Multiphonic, and Alternate finger, through the combination of progressive rock music. The author presented the research by analyzing saxophone extended techniques and applying these techniques in the composition. The author found that applying the Slap-tongue technique would be difficult at a fast tempo. On the other hand, the Multiphonic and Alternate finger techniques are limited by hand position. Both requiring mobility and the possibility to link between notes, especially in fast rhythms. By using these techniques, led into the result of the unique sound and timbre as well as demonstrated the saxophone in the progressive rock musical style.Item Metadata only THE TRANSMISSION PROCESS OF KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNIQUE FOR PLAYING KHLUI IN THAI COUNTRY SONGS(2024-08-08) Ruangboon N.; Phothikawin D.; Promsukkul P.; Ruangboon N.; Mahidol UniversityThis research aims to: (1) examine the biographical backgrounds of Khlui experts in Thai country songs; (2) explore knowledge transmission in Khlui playing Thai country songs; and (3) create an educational e-book on Khlui. The study employed a qualitative approach, specifically interpretative phenomenology, and purposive sampling to select seven recognized Khlui performance experts. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation. The research findings reveal that all seven Khlui experts who specialized in Thai country songs showcased remarkable expertise and extensive experience, earning recognition for their contributions to Khlui performances. The study details the knowledge and technique transfer process, covering principles, methods for different age groups, steps, and psychological aspects. The study identifies various Khlui playing techniques, such as seating, posture, handling, airflow, finger system selection, and Khlui selection. The study highlights phenomena such as the historical evolution of Khlui-Thai, contemporary livelihood conditions for Khlui players, and adaptations to modern learning methods. The electronic book includes (1) the biographical backgrounds of Khlui experts in Thai country songs; (2) the transmission of knowledge for performing Khlui in Thai country songs; and (3) playing techniques for playing Khlui for Thai country songs style.Item Metadata only DIRECTION OF ART-MUSIC PROGRAM IN HIGH SCHOOLS(2024-06-27) Ditdumrongsakul T.; Pidokraj N.; Ditdumrongsakul T.; Mahidol UniversityAcademic article on the topic of the Direction of Art-Music Programs in High Schools. The author has analyzed the curriculum and related academic documents. To present the musical content that appears in the general education curriculum at the high school level that includes the Art-Music Program in the curriculum. Regarding the music curriculum in schools, course structure, and additional subjects in the music curriculum. Including interviews with teachers in schools that provide music curriculum teaching. This article presents 4 schools that have different teaching methods for Art-Music program: 1) Sisaketwittayalai School, Si Sa Ket Province 2) Srinakharinwirot University Prasarnmit Demonstration School (Secondary) 3) Triamudomsuksa Patthanakarn Suwannabhumi School and 4) Triamudomsuksanomklao Samutprakan School. This study found that schools are flexible in structuring their curriculum to suit the school context, aims, and goals of studying music at the high school level at each school. Directions for creating and developing music curricula in the future. Teaching and learning must be adjusted to be consistent with the knowledge and abilities of individual learners within the standard framework of musical knowledge and abilities that learners should receive. Teachers are the key to transferring knowledge and developing students' skills to the highest level of excellence. In addition, the subjects should be diverse to meet current career needs both domestically and internationally. To provide students with a broad perspective on education and careers.Item Metadata only PROPOSED GUIDELINES FOR CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUSIC AESTHETIC INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE TO ENHANCE MUSIC APPRECIATION FOR UPPER PRIMARY STUDENTS(2024-06-27) Chesoh R.; Promsukkul P.; Jittivadhna K.; Chesoh R.; Mahidol UniversityThis research is mixed-methods research and aims to: 1) investigate the guidelines for creating and developing a music aesthetics instructional package with the aim of enhancing music appreciation among upper primary students and 2) develop a music aesthet ics instructional package that can effectively enhance music appreciation among upper primary students. The study consisted of six procedures, involving interviews with nine key informants selected through purposive sampling. These informants were grouped into 3: 1) 3 music teachers from formal educational settings 2) 3 experts in music activities 3) 3 experts in music media. Data, collected through semi-structured interviews and instructional package quality assessment forms, was analyzed using data analysis techniques and descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the instructional package offered guidelines for creating and developing a music aesthetic aligned with the concept of learning aesthetics and the six steps of learning audio art: 1) perception 2) imitation 3) practice 4) improvisation 5) composition and 6) summarizing learning results together. Moreover, an evaluation conducted by five experts indicated that the teaching packages exhibited a notably high level of quality, signifying their efficacy for practical implementation.Item Metadata only Spatial Distribution of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) A Case Study of Kwan Phayao Area, Phayao Province, Thailand(2024-01-01) Chaiwongsaen P.; Pinmongkhonkul S.; Nuntakwang A.; Boonsuk B.; Titayavan M.; Boonriam W.; Nak-Eiam S.; Chaiwongsaen P.; Mahidol UniversityThis study examined the richness of fireflies and their ecological features in Kwan Phayao, contrasting disturbed community areas with woodland regions from January to November 2024. The research employed random sampling over a 100-meter line transect to examine the interaction between natural water sources, plant variety, and firefly populations. The investigation identified 157 adult fireflies from the Luciolinae subfamily, encompassing three genera: Sclerotia (44 specimens), Asymmetricata (5 specimens), and Pygoluciola. Species classification identified Sclerotia aquatilis (86.27%), Asymmetricata circumdata (9.80%), and Pygoluciola sp. (3.92%). Station 1 had the largest average number of adult fireflies (75), connected with vast plant variety and substantial floating plant coverage, notably water hyacinths. The geospatial investigation of Kwan Phayao revealed significant biological variances across several places. Northwestern regions, typified by limited precipitation and scant vegetation, exhibited dramatically less biodiversity compared to other places. The geographical inequalities highlight the urgent necessity for focused conservation initiatives.Item Metadata only THE TRANSMISSION PROCESS OF THE ART OF ANCIENT CHANTING DANCE OF WICHAI VEJ-O-SOT FROM WICHAI-RAJAN ANCIENT CHANTING DANCE BAND(2024-08-08) Wanjana N.; Phothikawin D.; Promsukkul P.; Wanjana N.; Mahidol UniversityThe purposes of this research are 1) to study the history and works of Rum Suad Performance of Wichai Vej-O-Sot from Wichai-Rajan Rum Suad Performance band and 2) to study the process of transmitting the art of Rum Suad Performance of Wichai Vej-O-Sot from Wichai-Rajan Rum Suad Performance band. The main group of informants specifically selected was Mr. Wichai Vej-O-Sot himself and a group of 5 students who received the art of Rum Suad Performance from Mr. Wichai Vej-O-Sot 3 years and up. The research instrument was an in-depth interview form, semi-structured interview form, and participatory observation. The owner of Wichai-Rajan Rum Suad Performance band, who has an accepted Rum Suad Performance in Chanthaburi Province, has been awarded an honorary certificate as a local scholar of wisdom, providing knowledge of Rum Suad Performance, and has formed a Wichai-Rajan Rum Suad Performance band for 10 years. His Rum Suad Performance technique conveys the art of Rum Suad Performance in an oral form called “Mukah-Pa-tha”. People who are interested in being his students are selected from those who have a passion for Rum Suad Performance. The study and learning of Rum Suad Performance techniques starts with the transmission of music, singing, and dancing, using techniques based on psychology to create motivation. Rum Suad Performance contents and songs were taken from stories in various Thai literature. Mr. Wichai also uses basic dancing vocabulary and standard dancing moves to broadcast and use online media to promote Rum Suad Performance learning. The dancing performance test is used to measure and evaluate knowledge transfer from Mr. Wichai to his students. The broadcast location is Mr. Wichai's house in Chanthaburi Province. Most of his students are youths in the nearby community who receive support from their parents.Item Metadata only A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR STUDYING BASSIST JOHN PATITUCCI'S PERFORMANCE OF “LIKE SOMEONE IN LOVE”(2024-08-08) Chaichana T.; Chaichana T.; Mahidol UniversityJazz pedagogy has always been associated with learning by ear. In fact, it is common for inexperienced jazz musicians to listen carefully to jazz masters and try to imitate them before experimenting on their instruments. However, as jazz education gained popularity, this approach spread beyond imitating previous performances on an instrument to transcribing performances in traditional notation. Unlike other transcription research, which provides the result through musical analysis, this study delivered three musical exercises– two-feels, walking basslines, and solo-that can be used for additional practice to gain a greater practical understanding of Patitucci's musical approach. By working on these bass exercises, jazz Bass players can become more proficient in Patitucci’s performance methods. The research method consists of three major strands: (1) transcribing the bass solo and accompaniment lines of John Patitucci’s live performance of “Like Someone in Love,” (2) providing a comprehensive musical analysis of Patitucci’s performance, and (3) create bass exercises drawn from a musical analysis of John Patitucci’s performance. The researcher transcribed John Patitucci and Chuck Loeb’s rendition of “Like Someone in Love” on ArtistWorks, a professional online music learning platform. The bass transcription of this research consists of 162 bars (5 choruses). As a result, the comprehensive musical analysis reveals several of Patitucci’s musical techniques, such as the use of slide notes, the chromatic approach, the rootless technique, and double-time during this performance. The research approach of this study can be used by jazz performers and educators who wish to integrate musical knowledge drawn from the transcription process into musical exercise.Item Metadata only Assessing the Photocatalytic Performance of Carbon-Based Semiconductors in the Degradation of Pharmaceutical Wastes(2024-01-01) Ismail N.S.; Rithwan A.F.B.; Thongmee S.; Mohd Yusoff S.F.; Adnan R.; Kaus N.H.M.; Ismail N.S.; Mahidol UniversityThis review highlights recent research endeavors in the field, emphasizing the critical role of carbon- based photocatalysts for their superior performance under visible light irradiation and their capacity to efficiently photodegrade pharmaceutical contaminants. The integration of carbon materials with semiconductors has demonstrated remarkable synergistic effects, leading to enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. The exploration of carbon- based semiconductor materials represents a promising avenue for addressing the persistent issue of pharmaceutical waste in the environment, offering a greener and more efficient solution for water treatment.Item Metadata only BUDDHIST STUDIES IN THE ORIENTAL SCHOOL OF ROME: THE LEXICAL AND EXEGETICAL CONTRIBUTION OF CORRADO PENSA (1939-2024) ON SANSKRIT AND PĀLI BUDDHIST TEXTS(2024-01-01) Giustarini G.; Giustarini G.; Mahidol UniversityThe Indological branch of the Oriental School of Rome has undergone several stages of development, characterized by addressing new areas of study, immense projects, and innovative lexical choices. All those changes have affected the knowledge of South-Asian texts within the international academy and for a wider public, in Italy and in the world. A great protagonist of some of the major changes which have occurred is Corrado Pensa, whose academic career ranged from the early 60s to the late 90s, accompanied by intensive outreach activity lasting up to the present day and consisting mainly in teaching Theravāda meditation to a wide audience. Corrado Pensa's research scope encompasses subjects such as Sāṅkhya, Prajñāpāramitā, and Theravāda Buddhism. He assimilated the worldwide cultural changes in the perception of Buddhism with academic achievements in Indology, and developed an original contemporary Buddhist lexicon that has directly impacted scholars and meditators as well. Along with that, Pensa has popularized a significant number of Pāli and Sanskrit scriptures. The current work examines some of the lemmas he contributed - through translations and essays - to Italian Buddhology.Item Metadata only Fast Track of Stroke in the Care of Anesthesia Providers(2024-09-01) Pandomrong K.; Parakkamodom S.; Yangan K.; Hortrakul P.; Noipitak S.; Vichitvejpaisal P.; Pandomrong K.; Mahidol UniversityStroke, a devastating medical emergency, requires rapid intervention to mitigate its severe consequences. Anesthesia providers, as frontline healthcare professionals in various perioperative settings, are uniquely positioned to play a vital role in the swift management of stroke patients. The present article explored the concept of fast-tracking stroke care within the purview of anesthesia providers, emphasizing the critical aspects of early recognition, interdisciplinary collaboration, and evidence-based interventions. The present article underscored the urgent need for anesthesia providers to develop a heightened awareness of stroke symptoms and risk factors, enabling them to expedite the diagnosis and initiation of appropriate interventions. Furthermore, it delved into the significance of establishing robust communication channels and cooperation between anesthesia providers, neurologists, and emergency teams to ensure a seamless and efficient care continuum for stroke patients. The integration of evidence-based practices into anesthesia protocols was central to this discussion, with a focus on optimizing perioperative strategies that minimized the risk of stroke occurrence and enhanced post-stroke recovery. Additionally, the present article highlighted the potential impact of fast-tracking stroke care on patient outcomes, emphasizing the role of anesthesia providers in improving stroke survival rates and reducing long-term disabilities.Item Metadata only Global, regional, and national progress towards the 2030 global nutrition targets and forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021(2024-12-21) Arndt M.B.; Aravkin A.Y.; Bhattacharjee N.V.; Chalek J.; Dai X.; Dandona L.; Dandona R.; Dharmaratne S.D.; Farmer S.; Feigin V.L.; Fitzgerald R.; Gakidou E.; Gardner W.M.; Hagins H.; Hay S.I.; He J.; Humphrey K.M.; Lim S.S.; Lindstedt P.A.; Lo J.; Manguerra H.; Mestrovic T.; Mokdad A.H.; Mougin V.; Murray C.J.L.; Nguyen Q.A.P.; Pasovic M.; Raggi C.; Schneider R.D.; Smith A.E.; Sorensen R.J.D.; Stanaway J.D.; Taylor H.J.; Vollset S.E.; Wolde A.A.; Yuan C.W.; Zigler B.; Kassebaum N.J.; Reiner R.C.; Iwu C.D.; Krishnamoorthy V.; Abate Y.H.; Abbasi-Kangevari M.; Ahmadi A.; Sabour S.; Ajami M.; Hashemi M.B.; Doaei S.; Ghamari S.H.; Khanali J.; Rashidi M.M.; Gholamalizadeh M.; Haj-Mirzaian A.; Heidari-Foroozan M.; Zangiabadian M.; Kashani H.R.K.; Rezaee M.; Tabatabai S.; ElHafeez S.A.; Elmeligy O.A.A.; Abdelmasseh M.; Sanabria J.; Abd-Elsalam S.; Darwish A.H.; Abdulah D.M.; Abdulkader R.S.; Abidi H.; Zoladl M.; Abiodun O.; Aboagye R.G.; Amu H.; Tarkang E.E.; Immurana M.; Alhassan R.K.; Abolhassani H.; Dadras O.; Keykhaei M.; Rezaei N.; Ghassemi F.; Moghaddam S.S.; Khanmohammadi S.; Shahbandi A.; Kompani F.; Rad E.M.; Rahimi-Movaghar V.; Sepanlou S.G.; Shafie M.; Vahabi S.M.; Yazdanpanah F.; Ghaffari K.; Kauppila J.H.; Abtew Y.D.; Bekele A.; Demissie S.; Esubalew H.; Wubetie G.A.; Abu-Gharbieh E.; Arumugam A.; Saber-Ayad M.M.; Saddik B.A.; Arndt M.B.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: The six global nutrition targets (GNTs) related to low birthweight, exclusive breastfeeding, child growth (ie, wasting, stunting, and overweight), and anaemia among females of reproductive age were chosen by the World Health Assembly in 2012 as key indicators of maternal and child health, but there has yet to be a comprehensive report on progress for the period 2012 to 2021. We aimed to evaluate levels, trends, and observed-to-expected progress in prevalence and attributable burden from 2012 to 2021, with prevalence projections to 2050, in 204 countries and territories. Methods: The prevalence and attributable burden of each target indicator were estimated by age group, sex, and year in 204 countries and territories from 2012 to 2021 in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, the most comprehensive assessment of causes of death, disability, and risk factors to date. Country-specific relative performance to date was evaluated with a Bayesian meta-regression model that compares prevalence to expected values based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of societal development status. Target progress was forecasted from 2021 up to 2050 by modelling past trends with meta-regression using a combination of key quantities and then extrapolating future projections of those quantities. Findings: In 2021, a few countries had already met some of the GNTs: five for exclusive breastfeeding, four for stunting, 96 for child wasting, and three for child overweight, and none met the target for low birthweight or anaemia in females of reproductive age. Since 2012, the annualised rates of change (ARC) in the prevalence of child overweight increased in 201 countries and territories and ARC in the prevalence of anaemia in females of reproductive age decreased considerably in 26 countries. Between 2012 and 2021, SDI was strongly associated with indicator prevalence, apart from exclusive breastfeeding (|r-|=0·46–0·86). Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa had a decrease in the prevalence of multiple indicators that was more rapid than expected on the basis of SDI (the differences between observed and expected ARCs for child stunting and wasting were –0·5% and –1·3%, respectively). The ARC in the attributable burden of low birthweight, child stunting, and child wasting decreased faster than the ARC of the prevalence for each in most low-income and middle-income countries. In 2030, we project that 94 countries will meet one of the six targets, 21 countries will meet two targets, and 89 countries will not meet any targets. We project that seven countries will meet the target for exclusive breastfeeding, 28 for child stunting, and 101 for child wasting, and no countries will meet the targets for low birthweight, child overweight, and anaemia. In 2050, we project that seven additional countries will meet the target for exclusive breastfeeding, five for low birthweight, 96 for child stunting, nine for child wasting, and one for child overweight, and no countries are projected to meet the anaemia target. Interpretation: Based on current levels and past trends, few GNTs will be met by 2030. Major reductions in attributable burden for exclusive breastfeeding and anthropometric indicators should be recognised as huge scientific and policy successes, but the comparative lack of progress in reducing the prevalence of each, along with stagnant anaemia in women of reproductive age and widespread increases in child overweight, suggests a tenuous status quo. Continued investment in preventive and treatment efforts for acute childhood illness is crucial to prevent backsliding. Parallel development of effective treatments, along with commitment to multisectoral, long-term policies to address the determinants and causes of suboptimal nutrition, are sorely needed to gain ground. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Item Metadata only Factors Affecting Knowledge Management for the Elderly Health System: Case Studies from Sub-district Municipalities and Administrative Organizations in Thailand(2024-01-01) Limmethee A.; Dhirathiti N.S.; Limmethee A.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Thailand is in the process of transitioning into an aging society, which will significantly impact the health system for the elderly. Local administrative organizations play a crucial role in providing public health services for the elderly, as they are the closest level of government management to the people. Employing knowledge management in the government sector has enabled the provision of various forms of public services. Objective: The study aims to explore the factors and conditions related to knowledge management for elderly health within local administrative organizations in Thailand. Methods: This qualitative research methodology uses a case study design, with the unit of analysis being the Sub-district municipality and Sub-district Administrative Organization. The research tools are interviews and focus groups. The data are analyzed by content and thematic analysis. Results: The findings indicate that the main factors related to knowledge management for the elderly health system include organizational culture, leadership and vision, supporting networks within the local area, and government agencies. Supporting factors include local culture and community philosophers. Policy suggestions, including local administrative organizations, must act as a coordinator and supporters of the health system for the elderly, emphasizing the creation of a network both inside and outside the area, drawing people of various age groups to join the health network in the local area, and preparing the population to be healthy before they enter the elderly stage. Conclusion: The study recommends that local administrative organizations prioritize promoting factors within their area to support knowledge management for the elderly health system, which significantly impacts operational success. Furthermore, they should collaborate with other government agencies to address diverse health issues for the elderly.Item Metadata only Does Early Rehabilitation Admission Improve Functional Outcomes of Stroke Patients after a Short Hospital Stay? A Thai Retrospective Study on 596 Patients(2024-12-01) Kumthornthip W.; Tassatarn S.; Chotiyarnwong C.; Kumthornthip W.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: It remains unknown whether inpatient rehabilitation lasting three weeks or less, following one or two weeks of acute-phase treatment for stroke patients at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (SH-MU), Thailand, is effective, especially when the beginning is deferred. Objective: To examine functional outcomes (FO) of short hospitalized rehabilitation (SHR) for stroke patients with three different stroke onsets to rehabilitation admission intervals (SOTRAI), and to determine whether there are any differences in FO regarding SOTRAI. Materials and Methods: The investigators conducted a retrospective cohort study of medical records on inpatient rehabilitated at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, SH-MU. The investigators enrolled a cohort of stroke patients who underwent SHR at a Thai university-based, quaternary-care medical center between 2015 and 2019. The predictor variable was SOTRAI, categorized as early, which is 30 days or less, early-late, which is 31 to 90 days, and late, which is more than 90 days. The FO variables were the modified Barthel Index (MBI) score change, rehabilitation efficiency, and effectiveness, and percentages of responders. Appropriate statistics were computerized with the significant level at p-value less than 0.05. Results: Five hundred ninety-six patients, with 44.8% females and 45.8% early SOTRAI, with the mean age of 65.3±13.4 years (range of 19 to 94) were included. Early SOTRAI was associated with the highest FO parameters (p<0.001). Conclusion: Stroke survivors should be apt to SHR within 30 days after the symptoms begin. In other words, early SOTRAI could help improve FO, compared with late SOTRAI.Item Metadata only Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression among Hill-Tribe High School Students in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand: A Multilevel Cross-Sectional Study(2024-09-01) Ruanjai T.; Siri S.; Amyong N.; Munsawaengsub C.; Apidechkul T.; Ruanjai T.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Depression is a major mental health problem. High school-age adolescents living in the hill tribe villages are especially susceptible to depression due to their remote living environment and stigmatization, a situation that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and determine the associations of individual and contextual factors with depression among hill-tribe high school students in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, during the COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: A school-based, multilevel cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were randomly selected from 18 classes of six high schools located in the hill tribe villages of Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. A validated questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A) were used to collect data. The present study was conducted between May and September 2022.The data were analyzed by the multilevel binary logistic regression at a significance level of α<0.05. Results: A total of 540 hill tribe high school students were recruited for the analysis, 71.3% were female, 81.7% were Thais, and the mean age was 16.81 years. The overall prevalence of depression was 21.9% (95% CI 18.4 to 25.4). In the multivariate multilevel analysis, nine variables were found to be significantly associated with depression: underlying disease, perceived stress, negative life events, smartphone addiction, family functioning, peer group relationship, social stigma, and study program. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of the hill-tribe high school students suffered with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate public health interventions should be developed and implemented to reduce the problem by focusing on those who had underlying diseases, perceived stress, negative life events, anxiety, and smartphone addiction. Moreover, implementation should be integrated into their families, peers, and social environments.Item Metadata only Validation of Fixation and Decalcification Protocols for Optimizing Immunohistochemical Staining for Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsy(2024-09-01) Pholar S.; Charoenraksa K.; Niamyim P.; Bedavanija A.; Sukpanichnant S.; Pongpruttipan T.; Pongpruttipan T.; Pholar S.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Processing of bone marrow trephine biopsies involves the use of various fixatives and decalcifying agents, which can impact immunohistochemistry (IHC) results. However, a simultaneous analysis of both simultaneous fixatives and decalcifying agents has not been conducted. Objective: To determine the optimal protocol that would yield superior IHC staining results. Materials and Methods: Twenty reactive tonsillectomy specimens were collected. Forty-two tissue pieces of size 2×2×2 mm, from each tonsil were subjected to different fixation and decalcification protocols. The tested fixatives included 10% buffered formalin and aceto-zinc formalin solution (AZF), with fixation durations of 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours. Decalcification was performed using 5% nitric acid, “Decal II® (Surgipath)”, 10% formic acid, 20% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (pH 7.1), and 10% EDTA (pH 7.4). The effect of each protocol on staining quality was assessed using the tissue microarray (TMA) approach. The tested IHC staining panel included CD3, CD20, PAX5, CD30, CD5, cyclin D1, CD10, BCL6, and Ki67. Results: Ten percent buffered formalin demonstrated significantly better IHC staining results compared to AZF, particularly for nuclear-stained antibodies. The duration of fixation of 2, 4, 8, or 24 hours, did not significantly affect the staining outcomes. Among the decalcifying agents, both 10% formic acid and 10% EDTA provided superior IHC staining results compared to the others. Both agents yielded similar staining outcomes without a significant difference. Conclusion: For optimized IHC staining in bone marrow trephine biopsy, 10% buffered formalin is recommended as the preferred fixative, while either 10% formic acid or 10% EDTA can be used for decalcification.Item Metadata only Good Correlation between CT-Measured Z-Evans’ Index and CT Volumetric of Ventricular System in Patients with iNPH Treated by Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting(2024-10-01) Chiewvit P.; Ngamsombat C.; Witthiwej T.; Chiewvit P.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) demonstrated an increase in the volume of lateral ventricles oriented along the Z-axial axis, as opposed to the X-axial axis. Objective: To determine which computed tomography (CT)-measured X-Evans’ index and Z-Evans’ index, exhibit a stronger correlation with CT-derived ventricular volume both before and after shunting procedures. Additionally, a comparative examination between those with iNPH characterized by disproportionate enlargement of subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) and those without DESH features. Materials and Methods: The present study enrolled forty-three iNPH patients who underwent shunting between April 2013 and April 2016. The initial screening involved a thorough review of pre-shunting CT images, leading to the categorization of patients into two distinct groups, those with DESH and without DESH features. Results: Both the X-Evans’ index and Z-Evans’ index exhibited a noteworthy correlation with ventricular volume, substantiated by correlation coefficients (r) of 0.777 (p<0.001) and 0.876 (p<0.001), respectively. Notably, the correlation between the change in CT ventricular volume and the change in Z-Evans’ index was more conspicuous in the overall patient cohort (r=0.730, p<0.001) than X-Evans’ index change (r=0.599, p<0.001). This tendency was particularly discernible within the DESH group, where the correlation with Z-Evans’ index (r=0.826, p<0.001). Conclusion: The Z-Evans’ index emerged as a more effective representation of ventricular volume compared to the X-Evans’ index in the entirety of the iNPH patient cohort. In contrast, during the subsequent CT follow-up, the change in X-Evans’ index exhibited superior efficacy in capturing the corresponding alterations in ventricular volume.Item Metadata only Current Practice in Central Venous Catheterization(2024-09-01) Luetrakool P.; Parinyathanakul M.; Luetrakool P.; Mahidol UniversityCurrently, there is a decreasing trend in the utilization of central venous catheters among medical practitioners. However, the continued relevance of central venous catheters persists, particularly in scenarios involving emergent or critically ill patients where peripheral venous access proves challenging. The insertion of central venous catheters facilitates rapid delivery of fluids and pharmacotherapy crucial for resuscitative efforts. Employing real-time ultrasound guidance enhances procedural safety from mechanical injuries, increases success rate with limited attempt and diminishes associated risks like pneumothorax, arterial puncture, and hemorrhage. Emphasizing infection prevention remains paramount. The present article underscored contemporary and safer procedural methodologies for central venous catheterization, alongside adept management of procedural complications.