Scopus 2024
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Item Metadata only Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma with Reactive Eccrine Syringofibroadenoma: A Case Report(2024-12-01) Donsakul N.; Jerasutus S.; Tubtieng I.; Assavanatenapa R.; Vejjabhinanta V.; Donsakul N.; Mahidol UniversityUndifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis. The patients are usually found to have metastasis when the primary tumor is diagnosed. Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare cutaneous adnexal lesion of eccrine duct origin. There are five subtypes, one of which is reactive ESFA, known to occur in reaction to an inflammatory or neoplastic process. In this article, we report a case of the co-existence of both UPS and ESFA in a 70-year-old male patient, presenting with a painless, erythematous, irregular surface nodule with a peripherally extended brownish hyperkeratotic plaque on the right palm. The histologic findings revealed an ill-defined dermal tumor of atypical epithelioid and spindle-shaped cells with large pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Some of those cells were multinucleated giant cells in the stroma with vascular proliferation and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. The tumor cells, which were only positive for vimentin, supported the diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). Meanwhile, the overlying epidermis demonstrated hyperkeratosis, papillated epidermal hyperplasia, and proliferation of anastomosing slender cords and strands of cuboid cells within loose fibrovascular stroma. These findings are the characteristics of eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA). We describe here a patient in whom reactive ESFA occurred on and surrounded the UPS tumor.Item Metadata only Ectopic Cervical Thymic Tissue Mimicking Parathyroid Hyperplasia: A Rare Occurrence Linked to Graves Disease(2024-11-01) Chatchomchuan W.; Thewjitcharoen Y.; Nakasatien S.; Suvikapakornkul R.; Keerawat S.; Himathongkam T.; Chatchomchuan W.; Mahidol UniversityThymic hyperplasia has occasionally been reported in patients with Graves disease (GD). However, ectopic cervical thymic hyperplasia in the setting of hyperthyroid GD is exceptionally rare. We describe a case of a 54-year-old Thai woman who presented with hyperthyroidism, diplopia, and pretibial myxedema. She underwent a total thyroidectomy because of diplopia caused by Graves ophthalmopathy. During the surgery, 3 macroscopically abnormal enlargements of parathyroid gland-like tissue were identified and removed. Histopathology revealed hyperplastic thymic tissue mixed with 1 normal-sized parathyroid gland at the location of the left upper parathyroid gland, and thymic tissue was found in the sample labeled as the right upper parathyroid gland. Notably, the sample labeled as the right lower parathyroid gland was actually determined to be a lymph node. Preoperative blood samples showed normal serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. Postoperatively, computed tomography of the chest showed thymic hyperplasia in the anterior mediastinum, which slightly regressed at the 9-month follow-up. The patient had transient hypoparathyroidism requiring oral calcium and active vitamin D supplements for 6 months postoperatively. Ectopic cervical thymic hyperplasia can be found in GD and might be indistinguishable from parathyroid hyperplasia. Biochemical evaluations are required to exclude concomitant hyperparathyroidism, and a conservative approach should be considered.Item Metadata only Chemical properties and sensory preference related to umami flavor from crude hydrolysate of Indonesian snails (Filopaludina javanica)(2024-01-01) Kongpichitchoke T.; Rosida D.F.; Havanapan P.O.; Putra A.Y.T.; Priyanto A.D.; Kongpichitchoke T.; Mahidol UniversityFlavor enhancers are considered important in the food industry for their ability to add umami taste, which is recognized as the fifth basic taste. Although monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the most common umami provider, it contains a sodium molecule that can negatively affect consumer health. This made flavor enhancers derived from natural resources to become an interesting alternative. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the potential of peptides produced from the digestion of the Filopaludina javanica (FJ) snails using two enzymes, particularly, bromelain and trypsin, to determine their umami characteristics. Several enzymatic digestion conditions, including enzyme-to-substrate ratios (E/S) of 1/10, 1/20, and 1/00 (w/v), as well as hydrolysis times of 3, 6, 9, 10, 12, 15, and 18 hours, were examined. The study also assessed the degree of hydrolysis (DH), total peptides, and amino acid content. To evaluate the sensory properties of the resulting peptides, hedonic testing, and principal component analysis were conducted to determine taste, aroma, and color attributes. The results showed that the highest total acceptance was obtained from bromelain and trypsin hydrolysis with an E/S ratio of 1/10 but at different hydrolysis times of 18 and 15 hours, respectively. These samples had DH values of 51.26% and 56.10%, total peptide contents of 8.26 mg/mL and 6.63 mg/mL, and amino acid contents of 88.16 ppm and 79.85 ppm, respectively. The most preferred samples were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and database-assisted identification to determine their peptide compositions. Among the peptides identified, the top three from bromelain digestion were GPLGPLGPQGIPG, GLPGLPGLPGPKG, and PKEVNVAMIVGL VVAG, while the peptides from trypsin hydrolysate included FDNAGAMMSV, LGGSLLGL, and ATKALAMD CEMVGVGRNGEESVLARVSLVNQHGNCIYDKFVKA. In conclusion, the results showed that snail hydrolysate peptides held promise as natural flavor enhancers.Item Metadata only Optic Neuritis(2024-01-01) Padungkiatsagul T.; Padungkiatsagul T.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Factors Associated with Violence of Persons with Disabilities in the Thai Context(2024-01-01) Auemaneekul N.; Seesaet S.; Lagampan S.; Sujirarat D.; Auemaneekul N.; Mahidol UniversityThis study used an analytical descriptive research approach, focusing on violence against people with disabilities, the types of violence experiences, and the factors related to the violence among people with disabilities in the Thai context. This study applied the Ecological model for understanding interpersonal violence from the World Health Organization as the theoretical guideline. The calculated samples consisted of 201 people who have a disability aged 20 years old and over. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the general characteristics, and logistic regression was applied for the data analysis. The results revealed that people with disability experienced overall violence at 98%, psychological violence 96.5%, physical violence 77.1%, violence from being neglected 75.6%. Factors influencing violence against people with disabilities composed of younger age, being female, low income, living with illness, poor relationships within the family, less family members, and social values to violence. The result of this study could be beneficial in developing awareness and prevention programs to protect human rights violations against people with disabilities in the Thai context.Item Metadata only Established and Emerging Risk Factors of Stroke in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review(2024-05-01) Jarintanan P.; Singh N.; Suthienkul O.; Boonkrong P.; Jarintanan P.; Mahidol UniversityThis paper aims to review the stroke situation regarding its risk factors in 16 Asian countries. From the stroke incidence in 2016 and 2019, it was found that the number of stroke cases per 100,000 people increased in 10 and decreased in 6 Asian countries. Low-middle income countries (LMICs) tend to have lower service and quality of healthcare compared to high-income countries (HICs), this significant difference in healthcare might be what causes the difference in stroke incidence. A systematic review was conducted for identifying and rating the frequency of stroke risk factors. Reviewing 15 selected papers, there are eight risk factors for stroke ranging from hypertension15, diabetes12, hypercholesterolemia/dyslipidemia12, smoking11, physical inactivity7, obesity7, air quality2 to family history1. Age remains a significant risk factor for stroke, underscoring the importance of targeted preventive measures and healthcare interventions for older populations. China, as an example, has spread awareness and shown commitment to health issues and factors, adding institutions, and establishing a healthcare service for locations with more than 300,000. Studies have shown that women in LMICs are more likely to have a stroke at a young age compared to those in HICs, and could be influenced by cultural and social factors on women’s health. Therefore, individuals could decrease stroke risk through healthy lifestyle choices, preventing hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia/dyslipidemia. Lifestyle modifications including not smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, and exercising regularly should lower the risk of stroke occurrence in individuals. Simultaneously, national policies could lower stroke incidences by strengthening the stroke care ecosystem.Item Metadata only Cytotaxonomy of Kaempferia subg. Protanthium (Zingiberaceae) supports a new limestone species endemic to Thailand(2024-06-28) Nopporncharoenkul N.; Sukseansri W.; Nopun P.; Meewasana J.; Jenjittikul T.; Chuenboonngarm N.; Viboonjun U.; Umpunjun P.; Nopporncharoenkul N.; Mahidol UniversityThailand is the biodiversity hotspot of genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) and harbours 14 species belonging to K. subgenus Protanthium. To better understand the taxonomic circumscription and verify the taxonomic status, the present characterization of cytogenetic characters included all recognized and one undescribed species of K. subg. Protanthium from Thailand. Overall, 88 accessions of plant materials were analysed cytogenetically: 84 and 42 accessions were subjected to flow cytometry and karyology, respectively. Based on genome size and mitotic chromosome numbers, 74 accessions from all species investigated were putative diploid, whereas the others were putative polyploid: triploid (three accessions) and tetraploid (11 accessions). The cytogenetic evidence indicates that 2n = 2x = 22 is the diploid number and x = 11 is the base chromosome number for K. subg. Protanthium. The genome sizes among the diploid accessions ranged from 3.687 to 6.412 pg while high intraspecific variation in genome size was observed with up to 19.4%. Two species included accessions with different ploidy levels: K. rotunda L. (diploid, triploid and tetraploid) and K. takensis Boonma & Seansouk (diploid and tetraploid). The increase in genome size of tetraploid K. rotunda is nearly in correlation to the increase in ploidy level, whereas the triploid plants represent genome expansion with an approximately 11% larger than expected genome. Interestingly, tetraploid K. takensis displays genome downsizing of 15.3% compared to their diploids. The cytogenetic characteristics, together with morphology, unequivocally clarify the taxonomic status of a new species, named Kaempferia calcicola Noppornch. A revised identification key to species of K. subg. Protanthium is provided.Item Metadata only Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support, Empowerment and Organizational Commitment of Health Workers at Sub-District Health Promoting Hospitals in Suphanburi Province, Thailand(2024-05-01) Matvijit T.; Tadadej C.; Kittipichai W.; Matvijit T.; Mahidol UniversityThis cross-sectional study aims to explore the relationship between personal characteristics, perceived organizational support, empowerment, and organizational commitment. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from health workers at Sub-district Health Promoting Hospitals (SHPHs) in Suphanburi Province from June to July, 2023. A total of 374 out of 542 participants 69% were completed the questionnaires for data analysis. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis statistics were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that most health workers perceived organizational commitment, empowerment at a moderate level (54%, 52.4%), and perceived organizational support at a high level (39.04%). Additionally, perceived organizational support, and empowerment showed statistically significant relationships with organizational commitment (r = 0.622, 0.614). Perceived organizational support and empowerment were crucial predictors accounted for 44.1% of the variance in the organizational commitment. To increase the health workers’ organizational commitment, the SHPHs supervisors should focus on improving perceived organizational support and empowerment for SHPHs to retain them within the organization.Item Metadata only Association between Personal Burnout and Depression after First Stroke of Working-age patients in Thailand: A one-year follow-up study(2024-01-01) Naknoi S.; Ramasoota P.; Phuanukoonnon S.; Soonthornworasiri N.; Kaewboonchoo O.; Naknoi S.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Personal burnout is characterized by physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion due to prolonged stress or excessive demands. Individuals recovering from a stroke often experience significant physical and cognitive challenges during their recovery process, which can lead to increased fatigue and emotional strain. This physical and emotional exhaustion can contribute to the development or worsening of depressive symptoms. Objective: To investigate the relationship between personal burnout at baseline and depressive symptoms after stroke over one-year Methods: The study enrolled 103 participants who experienced their first stroke during working-age patients. The study period was 12 months. Personal burnout was assessed using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) at baseline, while depressive symptoms were measured using the Thai Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at baseline, six months, and 12 months during the follow-up period. The study employed Generalized Estimating Equations to investigate the longitudinal relationship between personal burnout at baseline and depression over the course of one year. Results: High personal burnout showed a significant association with depression scores over a 1-year period, (coefficient 3.257; 95% CI: 2.299, 4.215). Conclusions: The high personal burnout score predicted worsen depressive symptoms after stoke onset. These results suggest that healthcare workers, families, and co-workers should prioritize mental health support and early detection of depressive symptoms, treatment, and coping strategies among working-age individuals who have experienced a stroke.Item Metadata only Associations between Hunger and Mental Health among Adolescents in Bangladeshi Slums Amid COVID-19(2024-01-01) Yasmin S.T.; Yasmin S.T.; Hong S.A.; Sultan S.; Yasmin S.T.; Mahidol UniversityObjective: Identify the prevalence of hunger, anxiety, and depression, while also exploring the association between hunger, sociodemographic factors, and the presence of anxiety and depression among adolescents in Dhaka's urban slums during the Covid-19 pandemic Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during April to May 2022 among 324 adolescents living in slums in Dhaka division, Bangladesh. Data collection was done onsite using a structured questionnaire. Anxiety and depression were assessed using pre-validated and reliable Bangla translated versions of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Hunger was measured using the Household Hunger Scale (HHS). Binary logistic regression was used to find associations. Results: 61.7% of the adolescents suffered from moderate – severe hunger. The prevalence of moderate to severe levels of anxiety and depression were high at 46.3% and 63.3% respectively. In logistic regression, hunger showed significant association with both anxiety (AOR= 2.345, 95% CI= 1.474-3.731) and depression (AOR= 1.852, 95% CI= 1.166-2.941). Additionally, early adolescence was associated with anxiety, and adolescents who were school going and lived in a household with >5 family members had more likelihood of both anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Hunger during the Covid-19 pandemic was associated with increased risk of anxiety and depression. In crisis situations, public health measures should ensure that poor communities have access to at least basic meals to minimize impact on mental health of adolescents. Apart from this, they should also focus on living situations in slums and enhance their efforts in the national school feeding program.Item Metadata only Developing an Application for Nursing Practice with Hypertension(2024-09-01) Suknark N.; Chootrakool H.; Siripitayakulkit A.; Pensiri F.; Kitidumrongsuk P.; Treewai P.; Suknark N.; Mahidol UniversityTo address the growing concern of hypertension in Thailand, we developed a mobile health application designed to assist patients in monitoring their blood pressure, adopting healthier behaviors, and improving self-care practices, following recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce modifiable risk factors. This study aims to develop and evaluate a prototype application which integrates data on blood pressure-lowering activities such as exercise routines, dietary changes, and medication adherence, with the effectiveness presented through calculated effect sizes. The application features an assessment form with multiple-choice questions to evaluate users' lifestyle habits, enabling the personalization of recommended activities based on individual needs. Guided by the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), the prototype development involved systematic reviews and meta-analyses of nursing practices in Thailand. A quantitative online survey with four hundred and fifty-six hypertensive participants was conducted; 56.14% were male, and the majority were aged between 30 and 60 years old. Participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Satisfaction with the application was measured on a 5-point scale, with an average score of 4.45, indicating high satisfaction. Positive feedback suggests that while the prototype shows promise, further development and evaluation are needed to assess its effectiveness in reducing blood pressure and promoting healthy behaviors among hypertensive patients.Item Metadata only Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Alzheimer’s Disease with Blood Biomarkers(2024-05-01) Kunsanprasit N.; Chootrakool H.; Thanapluetiwong S.; Soontornpipit P.; Viwatwongkasem C.; Kunsanprasit N.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: One of the world's leading causes of death is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diagnostic of the disease and determining the risk before it reaches a severe stage are essential to reduce the rate of a patient’s development into the dementia phase, as well as locating practical, economical, and effective diagnostic tools, including blood tests, are easier and still reasonably priced, compared to neuroimaging or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations. Method: The studies were systematically searched for and determined by pooled sensitivity and specificity which studies were about diagnosing AD using the single molecular array (SIMOA) method by detecting phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the blood. In addition, Egger's test results for heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. Result: After systematically review the studies from 2016 to 2023, seven studies have been included for the meta-analysis. The results show low level of heterogeneity (I2 = 28.99%) and no publication bias Egger's test in sensitivity and specificity (p-value = 0.244 and 0.084, respectively) in patients. Conclusion: The ability to identify p-tau in blood with SIMOA has been useful in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Currently, this procedure is utilized in conjunction with other diagnostic approaches for diagnosis.Item Metadata only Factors Related to Mental Health and Quality of Life among College and University Teaching Professionals in Thailand(2024-01-01) Ratanasiripong P.; Siri S.; Hanklang S.; Chumchai P.; Galvan F.; Ratanasiripong P.; Mahidol UniversityThe field of higher education has grown rapidly throughout the last half-century, with student enrollment outpacing the general population growth rate in recent years. This has placed increased stress and demands upon university teaching professionals who have already been identified by researchers as one of the most stressed occupational groups. This quantitative study examined the predictors of mental health and quality of life among college and university teaching professionals. Data was collected from 360 teaching professionals employed at four higher education institutions in Thailand. Variables in this study included participants’ personal, professional, financial, health characteristics, and self-esteem as well as mental health conditions and quality of life. Multiple regression analyses revealed the following results: Gender, years work as teaching professional, BMI, and self-esteem are significant predictors of depression (adjusted R2=.33). Salary, savings, sleep, and self-esteem are significant predictors of anxiety (adjusted R2=.22). Years work as teaching professional, loans, and self-esteem are significant predictors of stress (adjusted R2=.17). Years work as teaching professional, loan, sleep, and self-esteem are significant predictors of overall quality of life (adjusted R2=.48). Preservation of university resources including teaching professionals is critical to ensuring the successful growth and development of the higher education institutions. Recommendations for improving quality of life and mental health outcomes for university teaching professionals include reducing pressure relating to research output, promoting self-esteem through mentorship and supportive workplace relationships, and encouraging healthy daily habits.Item Metadata only Characteristics of house dust mite allergens in Southeast and East Asia with the effect of hygienic practices(2024-06-01) Kim D.; Jeon H.; Park J.Y.; Othman H.; Thi Hien T.; Lestari P.; Tantrakarnapa K.; Lee K.; Kim D.; Mahidol UniversityHouse dust mite allergens (HDMAs) are a major allergen that can cause severe adverse health effects, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis. This study aimed to characterize the HDMA levels in bedding dust from Southeast and East Asian countries and evaluate the impact of hygiene practices on these levels. Bedding dust samples were collected from 29, 82, 32, 31, and 86 households in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and South Korea, respectively. Of the households in Malaysia and South Korea, 57 each had received mattress care services. The samples were analyzed for Dermatophagoides farinae type 1 (Der f1) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus type 1 (Der p1). The detection rates of Der f1 and Der p1 varied among the countries, especially in households that had not received mattress care services. In Indonesia, the detection rates of Der f1 and Der p1 were similar (97%). In Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, the detection rates of Der f1 were higher than those of Der p1. South Korea exhibited the lowest detection rates for both Der f1 (76%) and Der p1 (7%). In Indonesia and Malaysia, the levels of Der p1 were higher than those of Der f1. In Thailand and Vietnam, the levels of Der f1 were higher than those of Der p1. In both Malaysia and South Korea, households that had received mattress care services exhibited lower HDMA levels than those that had not. Furthermore, households serviced within the past month had notably lower HDMA levels than those serviced more than two months prior. This study observed significant regional differences in the detection rates and levels of HDMAs among Southeast and East Asian nations. In addition, the study observed significant decrease in the levels of HDMAs following routine mattress care service, highlighting the pivotal role of consistent hygienic practices for diminishing potential allergenic hazards. However, the study could not identify specific regional factors affecting the type and level of HDMAs.Item Metadata only Sociodemographic and Contextual Determinants of Men’s Fertility Desires in Northern Nigeria: An Analysis of the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey(2024-01-01) Abbani A.Y.; Yinusa R.A.; Niazi H.; Usman M.G.; Idris U.B.; Abbani A.Y.; Mahidol UniversityNigeria has a high fertility rate, averaging 5.1 children per woman. The desire for large families, especially by men from the northern region, is a crucial driver of the country’s high total fertility rate. There is, however, a shortage of evidence on the sociodemographic determinants of men’s fertility desires despite being essential stakeholders in fertility decisions in the family. This study, therefore, estimates men’s desired family sizes and the sociodemographic and contextual factors influencing their desires in the northern region of Nigeria. Data from the men’s recoded 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey dataset were used with a sample of 7,822 men. The chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression analysis were used to test the association and estimate the relationship between the outcome and predictor variables. The findings revealed that 71% of men desired to have at least six children, which was high irrespective of sociodemographic characteristics. However, the desire for six or more children was lower (65%) among the youngest cohort than among the oldest (80%). Being a Muslim (AOR = 4.50, 95% CI [3.86, 5.24], p < .05), having two or more wives (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI [1.68, 3.45], p < .05), having 3–5 (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.89, 2.76], p < .05) and six or more (AOR = 6.03, 95% CI [4.48, 8.13], p < .05) living children, and living in the northeast (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.75, 2.37], p < .05) and northwest (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.20, 1.72], p < .05) zones were the most significant predictors of high fertility desire by men. Policymakers should target these categories of men in fertility and family planning programs to promote lowering and slowing the rate of fertility and population growth.Item Metadata only Cultural Meanings of ‘Small:’ Similar yet Different Semantic Networks of Diminutives in Thai and South Korean(2024-01-01) Khammee K.; Rhee S.; Khammee K.; Mahidol UniversityLexemes denoting ‘small’ typically undergo a range of semantic or functional extensions either as free-standing lexical forms, or as weakly-grammaticalized derivational morphemes, or even fully grammatical forms. This research analyzes diminutive expressions in the two languages Thai and South Korean, following an extended ethnography of the two languages in each respective ethni0-linguistic context. Diminutives in these two languages have similarities in their source lexemes and certain developmental patterns along elegant conceptual networks. However, the two languages reveal intriguing differences in semantic extension patterns, i.e., most notably, the Thai extension pattern is ‘small therefore cute,’ whereas the South Korean extension pattern becomes one of ‘small therefore contemptible’.Item Metadata only Population-level impact of weight loss on predicted healthcare spending and the incidence of obesity-related outcomes in the Asia-Pacific region: a modelling study(2024-12-01) Yoong J.; Schnecke V.; Aekplakorn W.; Bandgar T.; Butt J.R.; Romano J.G.U.; Kalra S.; Khadgawat R.; Kilov G.; Kim K.K.; Lee S.Y.; Mohan V.; Proietto J.; Oldfield B.; Yoong J.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: The Asia-Pacific (APAC) region includes a significant proportion of the global population currently living with overweight and obesity. This modelling analysis was conducted to quantify the incidence of obesity-related comorbidities and change in obesity-related costs over 10 years with a hypothetical 10% weight loss in Australia, South Korea, Thailand, and India. Methods: An epidemiological-economic model was used to describe current prevalence and direct medical costs of ten obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, in adults aged 20–69 years living with obesity, and estimate incidence and costs over 10 years. Incidence reduction and the associated savings by 2032 were then estimated for a 10% weight-loss scenario. Results: The total estimated medical costs for the ten obesity-related comorbidities in 2022 were 2.9, 7.5, 10.2, and 23.3 billion USD in Australia, South Korea, Thailand, and India, respectively. Costs increase to 6.9, 18.4, 23.5, and 44.3 billion USD in 2032, if insufficient action is taken. A 10% weight reduction would result in estimated savings of 0.3, 1.2, 2.2, and 3.0 billion USD in Australia, South Korea, Thailand, and India, respectively, in 2032, with cumulative savings over the 10-year period of 1.8, 7.0, 13.0, and 17.4 billion USD. Incidence of comorbidities were estimated to rise less in the weight-loss scenario. Conclusions: The financial, societal, and health benefits of a substantial but achievable 10% weight loss in adults living with obesity, and the consequences of insufficient action, are pronounced in the APAC region. To achieve sustained weight loss in the real world, policy actions for addressing barriers to obesity management are required.Item Metadata only Estimated global and regional economic burden of genital herpes simplex virus infection among 15–49 year-olds in 2016(2024-12-01) Chaiyakunapruk N.; Lee S.W.H.; Kulchaitanaroaj P.; Rayanakorn A.; Lee H.; Looker K.J.; Hutubessy R.; Gottlieb S.L.; Chaiyakunapruk N.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Globally, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 and -1 infections contribute to a large disease burden, but their full economic consequences remain unclear. This study aims to estimate the global economic impact of genital HSV-2 and HSV-1 infection and its consequences for people with genital ulcer disease, neonatal herpes, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection attributable to HSV-2. Methods: Using a societal perspective, the economic burden was calculated at the country level and presented by World Health Organization (WHO) regions and World-Bank income levels. The disease burden was obtained from previously published global disease burden studies in 2016 and disaggregated for 194 countries. Estimates of healthcare resource utilisation were sourced from a literature review, and online interviews were conducted with 20 experts from all 6 WHO regions. Relevant costs were obtained from the literature and estimated in 2016 international dollars (I$). Results: Both genital HSV-2 (I$31·2 billion) and HSV-1 (I$4·0 billion) infections and their consequences were estimated to cost I$35·3 billion globally in 2016. The major economic burden was from the Americas and Western Pacific regions combined, accounting for almost two-thirds of the global burden (I$20·8 billion). High- and upper-middle-income countries bore a large proportion of the economic burden (76·6% or I$27·0 billion). Costs were driven by the large number of HSV-2 recurrences; however, even assuming conservatively that people with symptomatic herpes have on average only one episode a year, global costs were estimated at I$16·5 billion. Conclusions: The global costs of genital HSV infection and its consequences are substantial. HSV prevention interventions have the potential to avert a large economic burden in addition to disease burden; thus, efforts to accelerate HSV vaccine development are crucial.Item Metadata only Comparison of Ultrasonographic and Electrodiagnostic Findings Between Healthy and CTS Thais(2024-07-01) Puprasert C.; Ngernprasertsiri S.; Wimonwattrawatee P.; Simadamrong P.; Dacharux W.; Puprasert C.; Mahidol UniversityOBJECTIVE To compare the ultrasonography cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve at the wrist (CSA-D), the wrist-to-forearm median nerve CSA ratio (WFR) and the difference (WFD) between individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and normal individuals in the Thai population and to explore the correlation between ultrasonography and electrodiagnosis (EDX). METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 112 wrists of 72 participants who were divided into two groups. Fifty-six wrists of 36 EDX-confirmed CTS patients were recruited as the CTS group and an equal number of individuals without CTS were chosen as a control group. Participants were matched for demographic data from a historical study. For both individuals with clinical CTS confirmed by EDX and the control population median nerve CSA levels at the wrist and at mid-forearm were measured by ultrasonography. A comparison was made between the parameters of the study group and those of the control group. The correlations between the CSA-D, the WFR, and the WFD and the severity of CTS evaluated by EDX were studied. RESULTS The mean median nerve CSA-D, WFR, and WFD of the CTS patients were 14.7 ± 5.9 mm², 3.1 ± 1.4, and 9.7 ± 6.1 mm², respectively. In contrast, the mean median nerve CSA-D, WFR, and WFD of the control group were 9.6 ± 2.4 mm², 1.7 ± 0.4, and 3.8 ± 1.9 mm², respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference from the study group (p < 0.001). The optimal cut-point values for the median nerve CSA-D, WFR, and WFD in detecting CTS were 10.7 mm² (sensitivity 67.9%, specificity 83.9%), 1.8 (sensitivity 89.3%, specificity 71.4%), and 4.7 mm² (sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 81.8%), respectively. The median nerve CSA-D, WFR, and WFD exhibited significant moderate to strong positive correlation with the EDX grading of CTS severity. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography of the median nerve CSA-D, WFR, and WFD are efficient for distinguishing CTS patients from asymptomatic controls with good sensitivity and specificity in the Thai population. WFD demon-strated superiority in the areas of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.Item Metadata only Recognition of Three Common Work-Related Hand Diseases in a Teaching Hospital(2024-07-01) Mitprasit A.; Aekplakorn W.; Kanchanathepsak T.; Srijareontham S.; Wongrathanandha C.; Mitprasit A.; Mahidol UniversityOBJECTIVE Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the hands are increasingly affecting workers in various occupations. They reduce productivity and cause economic loss. In Thailand, work-related MSDs are considered underdiagnosed and under-reported. This study aimed to determine the proportion of three major recognized hand diseases that are work-related and to examine factors associated with that recognition and work-relatedness. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, recruiting and interviewing patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), trigger finger (TF), and de Quervain’s tenosynovitis (DQT) aged 18-65 years old who visited the Hand Clinic in the Orthopedics Department, Ramathibodi Hospital between 25 October 2023 and 15 March 2024. Patient medical records were reviewed to determine work-relatedness using NIOSH criteria. Recognition was determined by taking patient work histories. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between work and MSDs, and between recognition and patients’ factors. RESULTS A total of 270 patients were included: 127 CTS cases, 96 TF cases, and 47 DQT cases. Almost two-thirds (63.0%) of the diseases were attributed to work-related conditions. Factors associated with workrelatedness of the three diseases were: working for 26 or more hours per week (adjusted ORs 3.26-4.63), tool use (ORadj 7.92, 95%CI [2.83, 22.17]), computer use (ORadj 4.72, 95%CI [1.84,12.14]), writing (ORadj 4.88, 95%CI [1.53, 15.61]), and having a single job (ORadj 10.13, 95%CI [2.59,39.57]). The proportion of recognition by physicians of the connection between working history and MSDs was only 13.0%. There were no significant associations between patients’ personal/work factors and recognition by doctors. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that 63.0% three common hand diseases of patients are attributed to work-related conditions, but the recognition by doctors of that relationship was only 13.0%. Factors associated with work-relatedness were mostly aspects of patients’ work. The hospital should improve its system for identifying the work-related MSDs to help ensure patients receive appropriate health-related welfare and benefits. Further studies should be conducted to explore means of increasing physician recognition of work-related MSDs.